The National Salvation Front (also known as the National Front for Salvation of the Revolution or the National Rescue Front, ar, جبهة الإنقاذ الوطني) is an alliance of Egyptian political parties, formed to defeat Egyptian President
Mohammed Morsi
Mohamed Mohamed Morsi Eissa al-AyyatThe spellings of his first and last names vary. survey of 14 news organizations plus Wikipedia in July 201222 November 2012 constitutional declaration. The National Front for Salvation of the Revolution has more than 35 groups involved overall. Observers are concerned that the NSF will not be able to become a coherent political force because the different parties agree on opposing Morsi, but their views on other subjects diverge.
The front issued three demands to Morsi during the 2012 Egyptian protests. The demands were: that the constitutional declaration be rescinded, that the
referendum
A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...
be called off, and that a new constituent assembly be formed.
Morsi announced that one decree, granting him unlimited power to make laws without judicial review, had been annulled as of 8 December 2012, but the constitutional referendum went ahead as planned for 15 and 22 December.
After the ouster of Morsi by the Egyptian military, a number of politicians from the National Salvation Front were moved into power, including three women.
The coalition held a meeting on 2 February 2014 to determine its future; it decided to continue its work. One commentator named Bassem Aly has stated that the alliance "collapsed" following the ouster of Morsi.
Affiliated parties
The front is mainly
secular
Secularity, also the secular or secularness (from Latin ''saeculum'', "worldly" or "of a generation"), is the state of being unrelated or neutral in regards to religion. Anything that does not have an explicit reference to religion, either negativ ...
and ranges from liberals to leftists. Some of them are as follows:
* Constitution Party
*
Egyptian Popular Current
The Egyptian Popular Current ( ') is a movement in Egypt, created after the 2012 presidential elections by former presidential candidate Hamdeen Sabahi. The movement was formed on 21 September 2012. The movement formed the Popular Current Party ...
*
Arab Democratic Nasserist Party
The Arab Democratic Nasserist Party ( ar, الحزب العربي الديمقراطي الناصري, al-Hizb al-'Arabi al-Dimuqrati al-Nasseri) is a Nasserist political party in Egypt, styling itself as the ideological successor of the old Arab ...
National Association for Change
National Association for Change ''( ar, الجمعية الوطنية للتغيير)'' is a loose grouping of the various Egyptian of all political affiliations and religion, men and women, including representatives of civil society and young ...
*
Reform and Development Misruna Party
The Reform and Development Party ( ar, حزب الأصلاح و التنمية ''Hizb Al-Islah wa Al-Tanmiyah'') is a liberal political party in Egypt.
History and profile
The Reform and Development Party was founded in 2009. The founders of the ...
*
Socialist Party of Egypt
The Egyptian Socialist Party (''El-Hizb El-Ishtiraki El-Masri'') is a political party in Egypt which was founded by some Egyptian socialists after the 2011 Egyptian revolution.
History and profile
The party was founded on 18 June 2011 at a confe ...
Democratic Generation Party
The Democratic Generation Party or Hizb El-Geel al-Democrati ( ar, حزب الجيل الديمقراطي) is a political party in Egypt. The Democratic Generation Party can be considered a mainstream political party.
Overview
The party was found ...
*
Freedom Egypt Party
The Egypt of Freedom Party (; transliterated: ''Hizb Masr Alhureyya'') is a political party in Egypt which was founded on 18 May 2011 by Amr Hamzawy and a group of Egyptian youth after the Egyptian Revolution of 2011
The 2011 Egyptian revo ...
*
Egyptian Communist Party
The Egyptian Communist Party ( ar, الحزب الشيوعي المصري) (ECP) is a communist party in Egypt.
History and profile
The modern Egyptian Communist Party was formed in 1975 by a number of members of the former Egyptian Communist P ...
*
Free Egyptians Party
)
, founded =
, headquarters = 2 Hassan Sabry Street Zamalek-Cairo
, membership_year = 2011
, membership = 100,000
, ideology = Egyptian nationalismLiberalismSecularism
, position = Centre to centre-right
, national =
, affiliation1_title ...
*
New Wafd Party
The New Wafd Party ( ar, حزب الوفد الجديد, , New Delegation Party), officially the Egyptian Wafd Party and also known as the Al-Wafd Party, is a nationalist liberal party in Egypt.
It is the extension of one of the oldest and his ...
*
National Progressive Unionist Party
The National Progressive Unionist Party ( ar-at, حزب التجمع الوطني التقدمي الوحدوي, Ḥizb al-Tagammu' al-Watani al-Taqadomi al-Wahdawi, commonly referred to as Tagammu) is a socialist political party in Egypt. Origi ...
*
Socialist Popular Alliance Party
The Socialist People's Alliance Party ( ar, حزب التحالف الشعبي الإشتراكي ''Hizb Al-Tahalof Al-Shaeby Al-Ishtiraky'', SPAP) is a leftist party in Egypt formed shortly after the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. Its membership ...
*
Conference Party
The Conference Party ( ar, حزب المؤتمر المصري), or Congress Party, is a secularist political party in Egypt. It was created by the merger of five liberal and leftist parties, as well as remnants of the former NDP-regime.
The Co ...
*
Egyptian Social Democratic Party
The Egyptian Social Democratic Party ( ar-at, الحزب المصرى الديمقراطى الاجتماعى, al-Ḥizb al-Maṣrī al-Dimuqrāṭī al-Ijtmāʿī, ) is a Social liberalism, social liberal and a Social democracy, social democrati ...
Hamdeen Sabahi
Hamdeen Sabahi ( ar, حمدين صباحى, Ḥamdīn Ṣabāḥī, ; born 5 July 1954) is an Egyptian politician, journalist and poet. He is currently the leader of the Egyptian Popular Current and a co-leader of the National Salvation Front. ...
,
Amr Moussa
Amr Moussa ( ar, عمرو موسى, , Amr Muhammad Moussa; born 3 October 1936) is an Egyptian politician and diplomat who was the Secretary-General of the Arab League, a 22-member forum representing Arab states, from 1 June 2001 to 1 July 2011 ...
and Hussein Abdul Ghani. Sameh Ashour, another leading figure, is the spokesperson for the Front.
Criticisms
The coalition was criticized by the student members of the Constitution Party, Socialist Popular Alliance, and the Egyptian Popular Current for having members of the former regime (known as ''feloul''). They are pushing their parties to leave the coalition.
Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh
Dr. Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh Abdel Hady ( ar, عبد المنعم أبو الفتوح عبد الهادي, or ) (born 15 October 1951) is an Egyptian physician, former student activist and a politician. In 2011–2012, he ran for President of E ...
, the head of the
Strong Egypt Party
The Strong Egypt Party ( ar-at, حزب مصر القوية, Hizb Misr al-Qawia) is an Egyptian centrist political party founded in 2012 by former presidential candidate Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh.
History
The Strong Egypt Party was established i ...
, said that he will not join the coalition because he would never join forces with former regime members. Akram Ismail, who is an activist and a former member of the
Socialist Popular Alliance Party
The Socialist People's Alliance Party ( ar, حزب التحالف الشعبي الإشتراكي ''Hizb Al-Tahalof Al-Shaeby Al-Ishtiraky'', SPAP) is a leftist party in Egypt formed shortly after the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. Its membership ...
, argued the distinction between ''feloul'' and non-''feloul'' did not matter, stating that "the battle now is between the oppressive Islamist alliance and the ascending democratic force".Khaled Dawoud resigned as a spokesperson for the National Salvation Front on 16 August 2013 in protest at the support of police violence against