Naan is a leavened, oven-baked flatbread^[1] found in the cuisines of the Middle East, Central Asia and South Asia.^[2][3][4]

Etymology

The earliest appearance of "naan" in English is from 1810, in a travelogue of William Tooke.^[5] The Persian word nān 'bread' is attested in Middle Persian as n'n 'bread, food', which is of Iranian origin, and is a cognate with Parthian ngn, Balochi nagan, Sogdian nγn-, and Pashto nəγan 'bread'.^[6]

The form naan has a widespread distribution, having been borrowed in a range of languages spoken in Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent, where it usually refers to a kind of flatbread. The spelling naan is first attested in 1979,^[7] and has since become the normal English spelling.

Description

Bread, naan (bread), plain, commercially prepared, refrigerated

Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Carbohydrates	50.43
Sugars	3.55
Dietary fiber	2.2
Fat	5.65
Protein	9.62
Vitamins
Thiamine (B1)	(68%) 0.78 mg
Riboflavin (B2)	(43%) 0.51 mg
Pantothenic acid (B5)	(0%) 0 mg
Vitamin B6	(7%) 0.095 mg
Folate (B9)	(0%) 0 μg
Vitamin E	(5%) 0.79 mg
Vitamin K	(0%) 0 μg
Minerals
Calcium	(8%) 84 mg
Iron	(25%) 3.25 mg
Magnesium	(8%) 27 mg
Manganese	(0%) 0 mg
Phosphorus	(14%) 100 mg
Potassium	(3%) 125 mg
Sodium	(31%) 465 mg
Zinc	(9%) 0.81 mg
Link to USDA Database entry
Units μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams IU = International units
Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient Database

Naan as we know it today originates from Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent with influence from the Middle-East. The most familiar and readily available varieties of naan in Western countries are the varieties from the Indian subcontinent. In Iran, from which the word originated,^[8] nān (نان) does not carry any special significance, as it is merely the generic word for any kind of bread, as well as in other West Asian nations or ethnic groups in the region, such as amongst Kurds, Turks, Azerbaijanis (from both Azerbaijan and Iran), etc. Naan in parts of the Indian subcontinent usually refers to a specific kind of thick flatbread (another well-known kind of flatbread is chapati). Generally, it resembles pita and, like pita bread, is usually leavened with yeast or with bread starter (leavened naan dough left over from a previous batch); unleavened dough (similar to that used for roti) is also used. Naan is cooked in a tandoor, from which tandoori cooking takes its name. This distinguishes it from roti, which is usually cooked on a flat or slightly concave iron griddle called a tava. Modern recipes sometimes substitute baking powder for the yeast. Milk or yogurt may also be used to impart distinct tastes to the naan. Milk used instead of water will, as it does for ordinary bread, yield a softer dough.^[9] Also, when bread starter (which contains both yeast and lactobacilli) is used, the milk may undergo modest lactic fermentation.

Typically, it is served hot and brushed with ghee or butter. It can be used to scoop other foods or served stuffed with a filling. For example, keema naan is stuffed with a minced meat mixture (usually lamb or mutton or goat meat); another variation is peshawari naan. Peshawari naan and Kashmiri naan are filled with a mixture of nuts and raisins; in Pakistan, roghani naan is sprinkled with sesame seeds; Kulcha is another type. Amritsari naan also called as amritsari kulcha is stuffed with mashed potatoes, onion (optional) and lots of spices. Possible seasonings in the naan dough include cumin and nigella seeds. The Pakistani dish of balti is usually eaten with a naan, and this has given rise to the huge karack or table naan, easy to share amongst large groups.^[10]

A typical naan recipe involves mixing white flour with salt, a yeast culture, and enough yogurt to make a smooth, elastic dough.^[11] The dough is kneaded for a few minutes, then set aside to rise for a few hours. Once risen, the dough is divided into balls (about 100 grams or 3.5 oz each), which are flattened and cooked. In Pakistani cuisine, naans are typically graced with fragrant essences, such as rose, khus (vetiver), or with butter or ghee melted on them. Nigella seeds are commonly added to naan as cooked in Indian restaurants throughout the UK.

Raisins and spices can be added. Naan can also be covered with, or serve as a wrap for various toppings of meat, vegetables or cheeses. This version is sometimes prepared as fast food. It can also be dipped into such soups as dal and goes well with sabzis (also known as shaakh).

Naan bya in Burma is sometimes served at breakfast with tea or coffee. It is round, soft, and blistered, often buttered, or with pè byouk (boiled peas) on top, or dipped in hseiksoup (mutton soup).

"Luri Fiçá" in Rohingya is similar to Naan but made of rice and served at festivals with beef, mutton, vegetables and also soups. It is a National Cake of Rohingya in Arakan.

Naan pizza is a type of pizza where naan is used as the crust instead of the traditional pizza dough. Chefs and companies such as Nigella Lawson,^[12] and Wegmans^[13] offer recipes for people to make their own naan pizza at home.

External image

A slideshow of Hyderabadi Kulcha / Naan / Sheermaal preparation images. Published on Flickr

Gallery

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  Afghan naan

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  Naan freshly prepared in a tandoor in Karachi, Pakistan

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  Cheese naan

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  Naan paya with mutton soup, sometimes served at breakfast in Burma (also known as Myanmar)

See also

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Naan.

Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on Naan