The NAMC YS-11 is a

turboprop A turboprop is a turbine engine that drives an aircraft propeller. A turboprop consists of an intake, reduction gearbox, compressor, combustor, turbine, and a propelling nozzle. Air enters the intake and is compressed by the compressor. ...

airliner designed and built by the

Nihon Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation The Nihon Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation ( ja, 日本航空機製造株式会社 ''Nihon Kōkūki Seizō Kabushiki-gaisha''), or NAMC, was the manufacturer of Japan's only successful civilian airliner, the YS-11. Rather than an individual ...

(NAMC), a Japanese consortium. It was the only post-war airliner to be wholly designed and manufactured in Japan until the development of the

Mitsubishi SpaceJet The Mitsubishi SpaceJet (, originally named ''Mitsubishi Regional Jet'') is a regional jet developed by Japanese company Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation (MAC), a Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) subsidiary. The airframe is made mainly in alu ...

during the 2010s, roughly 50 years later. Development of the YS-11 can be largely attributed to Japan's

Ministry of International Trade and Industry The was a ministry of the Government of Japan from 1949 to 2001. The MITI was one of the most powerful government agencies in Japan and, at the height of its influence, effectively ran much of Japanese industrial policy, funding research and d ...

(MITI), which had encouraged Japanese aircraft companies to collaborate on the development of a short-haul airliner as early as 1954. In 1959, NAMC was formed to design and produce an aircraft to satisfy MITI's requirements, dubbed the YS-11. On 30 August 1962, the first prototype performed its

maiden flight The maiden flight, also known as first flight, of an aircraft is the first occasion on which it leaves the ground under its own power. The same term is also used for the first launch of rockets. The maiden flight of a new aircraft type is alw ...

. Deliveries commenced on 30 March 1965, and commercial operations began the following month. The majority of orders for the type were issued from various Japanese airliners. While sales to such customers were swift in the YS-11's initial years of availability, this limited market soon became saturated, leading to a slump in demand. Following efforts to acquire more sales from international customers, including the development of the improved ''YS-11A'' variant, production of the type ceased during 1974. Ultimately, while the YS-11 had demonstrated Japan's ability to produce an airliner, NAMC had accumulated considerable debts and the type is largely considered to be a commercial failure. Large numbers of the type continued to be in service until 2006, at which point tighter Japanese aircraft regulations imposed by the

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism The , abbreviated MLIT, is a ministry of the Japanese government.国土交通省設置法 ...

necessitated either the withdrawal or refitting of all YS-11s. By 2018, only a single example reportedly remained in commercial service.

Development and design

Origins

During the mid-to-late 1950s, the Japanese

(MITI) identified a requirement for a short-haul airliner to replace Douglas DC-3s flying on Japan's domestic routes, and encouraged companies in Japan's aircraft industry to collaborate to develop and produce a domestic airliner to meet this need. Towards this purpose, in May 1957, the ''Commercial Transport Design Research Association'' was established and the availability of government

subsidies A subsidy or government incentive is a form of financial aid or support extended to an economic sector (business, or individual) generally with the aim of promoting economic and social policy. Although commonly extended from the government, the ter ...

guaranteed. From the government's viewpoint, the development of such an airliner was viewed as a key initiative towards the post-war revival of the nation's aircraft companies, which came in addition to the serious ambition to become a major international competitor in the global airliner business. Furthermore, while this requirement had been conceived primarily in a commercial context, there was an early recognition of the value for multiple branches of the Japanese Defense Agency (JDA) to be readily able to adopt the type as well; as a philosophy, this not only extended to the prospective airliner itself, but the various technologies involved in its development and manufacture. YS-11 Wind tunnel model

In response to this encouragement, during 1957, a

joint venture A joint venture (JV) is a business entity created by two or more parties, generally characterized by shared ownership, shared returns and economic risk, risks, and shared governance. Companies typically pursue joint ventures for one of four rea ...

between

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is a Japanese multinational engineering, electrical equipment and electronics corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. MHI is one of the core companies of the Mitsubishi Group and its automobile division is the predecessor of Mitsubishi Mo ...

Kawasaki Heavy Industries (or simply Kawasaki) is a Japanese public multinational corporation manufacturer of motorcycles, engines, heavy equipment, aerospace and defense equipment, rolling stock and ships, headquartered in Chūō, Kobe and Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It is ...

Fuji Heavy Industries is a Japanese multinational corporation and conglomerate primarily involved in both terrestrial and aerospace transportation manufacturing. It is best known for its line of Subaru automobiles. Founded in 1953, the company was formerly named ( ...

(better known as the parent company of automobile manufacturer Subaru), Shin Meiwa, Showa Aircraft Industry Company and Japan Aircraft Industry Company was established for the purpose of developing and manufacturing the envisioned airliner. Two years later, this partnership was formalised as the ''Nihon Aeroplane Manufacturing Company'' (NAMC).Endres 1996, p. 22.Taylor 1966, p. 107. The ownership of NAMC was initially divided between the Japanese government, which held 54% of the shares, while the constituent aircraft manufacturers held an 18% stake and several components/materials suppliers owned 11%; the remaining shares were small stakes belonging to various banks, insurance companies, and stock firms who chose to invest in the programme. However, NAMC was essentially a "paper company", being reliant upon both personnel and infrastructure provided by its constituent manufacturers.Odagiri, Odagiri and Akira 1996, pp. 224-225. NAMC designed a low-winged twin-

-engined

monoplane A monoplane is a fixed-wing aircraft configuration with a single mainplane, in contrast to a biplane or other types of multiplanes, which have multiple planes. A monoplane has inherently the highest efficiency and lowest drag of any wing con ...

, capable of seating up to 60 passengers, dubbed the ''YS-11''.Odagiri, Odagiri and Akira 1996, p. 224. Amongst the design team was

Jiro Horikoshi was the chief engineer of many Japanese fighter designs of World War II, including the Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter. Early life Jiro Horikoshi was born near the city of Fujioka, Gunma Prefecture, Japan, in 1903. Horikoshi graduated from the new ...

, who had previously been the designer of the famed wartime

Mitsubishi A6M Zero The Mitsubishi A6M "Zero" is a long-range carrier-based fighter aircraft formerly manufactured by Mitsubishi Aircraft Company, a part of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, and was operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1940 to 1945. The A6M w ...

fighter. Another prominent engineer on the project was Teruo Tojo, the second son of Prime Minister

Hideki Tojo Hideki Tojo (, ', December 30, 1884 – December 23, 1948) was a Japanese politician, general of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), and convicted war criminal who served as prime minister of Japan and president of the Imperial Rule Assistan ...

, who later became chairman of

Mitsubishi Motors is a Japanese multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. The twin-engined YS-11 was projected as delivering similar operational performance to the four-engined British-built

Vickers Viscount The Vickers Viscount is a British medium-range turboprop airliner first flown in 1948 by Vickers-Armstrongs. A design requirement from the Brabazon Committee, it entered service in 1953 and was the first turboprop-powered airliner. The Vi ...

, while possessing 50% greater capacity than the similarly configured Dutch-built

Fokker F27 Friendship The Fokker F27 Friendship is a turboprop airliner developed and manufactured by the Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker. It is the most numerous post-war aircraft manufactured in the Netherlands; the F27 was also one of the most successful Eur ...

. MITI supervised the pricing of the aircraft in order to ensure that it was competitive with the American-built

Martin 4-0-4 The Martin 4-0-4 was an American pressurized passenger airliner built by the Glenn L. Martin Company. In addition to airline use initially in the United States, it was used by the United States Coast Guard and United States Navy as the RM-1G ( ...

. Although the tentative aircraft was mainly designed and manufactured in Japan, the engine selected to power the airliner was the 2,275 kW (3,050 ehp) Rolls-Royce Dart RDa.10/1 powerplant, which was both developed and produced by British-based company

Rolls-Royce Rolls-Royce (always hyphenated) may refer to: * Rolls-Royce Limited, a British manufacturer of cars and later aero engines, founded in 1906, now defunct Automobiles * Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, the current car manufacturing company incorporated in ...

.Endres 1996, p. 23. Furthermore, according to author Stephen C Mercado, due to the lack of available domestic technology at the time, several of the key aircraft systems, such as

cabin pressurization Cabin pressurization is a process in which conditioned air is pumped into the cabin of an aircraft or spacecraft in order to create a safe and comfortable environment for passengers and crew flying at high altitudes. For aircraft, this air is u ...

, were copied from foreign sources; such information was gleaned from a combination of Japanese airlines, trading companies and diplomats. Throughout the YS-11's production lifetime, its electronic equipment, avionics, mechanical and fuselage components were supplied by a combination of Japanese companies and foreign suppliers.

Name

The “YS” of the YS-11 comes from a combination of the first letter sounds of the two Japanese words yusō (transport) and sekkei (design), which refer to the Association for Research on Transport Aircraft Design (Yusōki sekkei kenkyū kyōkai). Meanwhile, the first “1” of the “11” refers to the various engine candidates considered for the YS-11; the Rolls-Royce Dart RDa.10/1, which was the engine selected, had been designated “number 1.” The second “1” refers to the aircraft specification plan selected for the YS-11, which had been one among many plans that differed by wing placement and size. There had also been a “plan 0” at one point. A catchphrase developed around the public reveal of the YS-11 mockup, which was “Let’s meet on the 11th at Sugita in Yokohama.” Here, Yokohama represented the “Y,” the Sugita neighborhood stood for the “S,” and the 11th referred both to the plane and to the date of the public reveal (December 11, 1958). Because of this, it became common to read the “11” in “YS-11” as “eleven” (jūichi in Japanese). For those involved in designing the plane, meanwhile, the designation had originally been pronounced “YS-one-one” (or YS ichi ichi).

Into flight

On 30 August 1962, the first prototype performed its

from Nagoya Airport; it was soon followed by the second prototype, flying on 28 December 1962. Early flight testing revealed several issues to troubleshoot, including poor steering, excessive vibration and noise.Odagiri, Odagiri and Akira 1996, p. 225. There was also an acute lack of safety during sideways maneuvers; the wake of the propeller produced abnormal forces that inclined the aircraft to the right; all of the rudders were ineffective; and the maneuverability was worst of all. These problems produced a tailspin during the flight test, and were the direct cause of a crash. This was known as the “three rudder problem.” In one prestigious early flight of the type,

All Nippon Airways , also known as ANA (''Ē-enu-ē'') or is an airline in Japan. Its headquarters are located in Shiodome City Center in the Shiodome area of Minato ward of Tokyo. It operates services to both domestic and international destinations and had m ...

used a YS-11 to carry the

Olympic torch The Olympic flame is a symbol used in the Olympic movement. It is also a symbol of continuity between ancient and modern games. Several months before the Olympic Games, the Olympic flame is lit at Olympia, Greece. This ceremony starts the Olym ...

in the run-up to the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. It received its Japanese

Type certificate A type certificate signifies the airworthiness of a particular category of aircraft, according to its manufacturing design (''type design''). It confirms that the aircraft of a new type intended for serial production, is in compliance with applica ...

on 25 August 1964, while American

Federal Aviation Administration The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the largest transportation agency of the U.S. government and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the country as well as over surrounding international waters. Its powers include air traffic ...

(FAA) certification followed on 9 September 1965. Prior to applying for certification, the FAA had been involved in the programme at NAMC's invitation, performing informal project reviews so that defects could be identified and eliminated early on. During the late 1960s, a lack of significant international sales led to the programme incurring persistent losses, the outstanding debt eventually growing to $600 million.Anselmo, Joe
"Milestone for the MRJ."
'' Aviation Week & Space Technology'', 24 October 2014. Accessed: 25 October 2014. Due to the organisation of the programme, the aircraft manufacturers themselves did not have any of this debt apportioned to themselves, NAMC being held solely responsible; Mercado criticised this approach as it meant there was no incentive for the individual companies to make cost savings while simultaneously guarantee profit to them on every plane produced. Furthermore, it had been alleged that some participants saw the YS-11 as only a training programme to develop their employees' skills, rather than a serious commercial initiative; some participants chose to rotate large numbers of staff in and out of the project for brief periods before re-tasking them to work on internal projects. Marcado claims that the programme's operational mindset was closer to that of a military project than a commercial one, while a preoccupation with government-issued performance criteria obstructed considerations towards the actual desires of the commercial operators, such as operating costs and cabin configuration, that the YS-11 was marketed towards. As this was Japan's first, and for a long time only, post-war airliner, NAMC lacked any staff with experience in marketing towards airlines, a disadvantage against the salesmen of rival airframers. This failure to address a crucial factor in acquiring new customers has been attributed as a major contributing cause of the programme's poor commercial reception.Odagiri, Odagiri and Akira 1996, pp. 225-226. The end of the YS-11 programme was precipitated by the 1971

Smithsonian Agreement The Smithsonian Agreement, announced in December 1971, created a new dollar standard, whereby the currencies of a number of industrialized states were pegged to the US dollar. These currencies were allowed to fluctuate by 2.25% against the doll ...

, which led to an appreciation in the value of the Japanese yen and the resulting impact upon the nation's economy. By this point, it was clear that there was little chance that the YS-11 could ever come close to breaking even. These myriad factors contributed to the decision for production to be terminated after the completion of 182 aircraft. On 11 May 1973, the last YS-11 was delivered to the

Japanese Maritime Self-Defence Force , abbreviated , also simply known as the Japanese Navy, is the maritime warfare branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, tasked with the naval defense of Japan. The JMSDF was formed following the dissolution of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) ...

(JMSDF).Endres 1996, pp. 26–27.

Operational history

On 23 October 1964, the first production YS-11 conducted its first flight; it was delivered to its customer on 30 March 1965. During April 1965, initial airline operations commenced with launch customer

Toa Airways was a Japanese airline and the predecessor of Japan Air System. Founded on November 30, 1953, it merged with Japan Domestic Airlines on May 15, 1971, to form Toa Domestic Airlines, which went on to become Japan Air System.

. By 1968, the YS-11 programme accounted for about half of all aircraft production taking place in Japan that year. Early deliveries were mainly made to Japanese airlines, but orders for the type slowed drastically after the satisfaction of the outstanding needs of the Japanese commuter airlines for which the aircraft had been designed. Initial attempts were made to market the airliner towards various countries across

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainlan ...

; at one point, the Japanese government was allegedly encouraging such sales as a form of

war reparations War reparations are compensation payments made after a war by one side to the other. They are intended to cover damage or injury inflicted during a war. History Making one party pay a war indemnity is a common practice with a long history. ...

. Seeking to make the aircraft more attractive to the highly active

North American North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Ca ...

market, NAMC decided to develop the ''YS-11A'', a new variant which possessed a higher gross weight. During 1966, a

lease A lease is a contractual arrangement calling for the user (referred to as the ''lessee'') to pay the owner (referred to as the ''lessor'') for the use of an asset. Property, buildings and vehicles are common assets that are leased. Industrial ...

agreement was signed between NAMC and Hawaiian Air Lines, a move which was hailed as the "first step" in the programme's new America-focused campaign. While a number of aircraft would be sold internationally, these were often at a loss as the sales price had been set so low, deliberately as to undercut competing airliners, but paid little heed to production costs; this deficit led to losses mounting more rapidly than anticipated. A major customer for the YS-11 was the American operator

Piedmont Airlines Piedmont Airlines, Inc. is an American regional airline headquartered at the Salisbury Regional Airport in unincorporated Wicomico County, Maryland, near the city of Salisbury. The airline is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the American Airline ...

, who had been seeking the optimal modern airliner to serve their existing routes, which mostly comprised a number of small, mountainous airports. After evaluating numerous aircraft around the world, the company determined that the Japanese airliner was the most suitable; according to Piedmont's president, Thomas H Davis: "The YS‐11 was the only one we could find which would do it on an economical basis"."The YS‐11 Solves a Problem for Piedmont."
''New York Times'', 31 May 1970. During October 1967, Piedmont Airlines ordered a batch of ten YS-11A-200s along with an option for an additional ten aircraft for $22.5 million.Endres 1996, p. 24. The company was so impressed by its performance, it both exercised the option for ten aircraft and purchased an additional YS-11, operating a combined fleet of 21 YS-11s by mid-1970. Piedmont would be the type's largest international operator; ultimately, no other airline would place another order of this scale.

End of production

Commercial sales of the YS-11 began to stall without a stable structure in place for sales. Especially outside of Japan, the YS-11 was forced to compete with other country's models with long-term low deferred interest payments. Nor was it rare for

NAMC The Nihon Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation ( ja, 日本航空機製造株式会社 ''Nihon Kōkūki Seizō Kabushiki-gaisha''), or NAMC, was the manufacturer of Japan, Japan's only successful civilian airliner, the NAMC YS-11, YS-11. Rather th ...

to have to sell the YS-11 at a discount, as this was Japan's first commercial airliner since the end of World War II, and had no proven track record. Additionally, it was also said that there was mismanagement of the program's cost management, as initial estimates had neglected to include the cost advertising or company administration. Moreover, because multiple companies were involved with the aircraft manufacturing, it was unclear who held ultimate responsibility, nor could the price of delivered parts be reduced. An increase in former government employees appointed to the company began to spread a culture of bureaucracy, making necessary drastic management reforms impossible and further increasing the program's deficit. In particular, there was deficit in sales activities outside of Japan that were a result of fundamental problems in NAMC's administrative activities in the United States, as indicated by the Japanese government

Board of Audit The reviews government expenditures and submits an annual report to the National Diet, Diet. Article 90 of the Constitution of Japan and the Board of Audit Act of 1947 give this body substantial independence from both Cabinet (government), cabin ...

; this is to say nothing of the unforeseen loss due to a less favorable currency exchange that resulted after the American government switched to a floating exchange rate in 1971. When Jenks Caldwell of

Charlotte Aircraft Corporation Charlotte Aircraft Corporation is a company headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina which deals in used aircraft and aircraft parts. The company was founded by Jenks Caldwell Sr. in 1953. Today the company is run by his son Jenks Caldwell Jr. ...

, a sales dealer of used aircraft and aviation parts headquartered in

North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and ...

, expressed a strong desire to become a sales agent in the United States through a modification of YS-11A, NAMC signed an exclusive agency contract with his company to manage sales for North America, Latin America and Spain. However, Charlotte Aircraft did not actually carry out the promised activities, and when a sales agreement with Piedmont Airlines was concluded with

Mitsui is one of the largest ''keiretsu'' in Japan and one of the largest corporate groups in the world. The major companies of the group include Mitsui & Co. ( general trading company), Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, Nippon Paper Industries ...

, Charlotte Aircraft demanded damages under their status as exclusive dealer, and Piedmont Airlines and Cruzeiro do Sul handed over 33 used aircraft traded in for YS-11 to Charlotte Aircraft; Japan's Board of Audit complained these actions were unfair. This event became a problem in the

Diet Diet may refer to: Food * Diet (nutrition), the sum of the food consumed by an organism or group * Dieting, the deliberate selection of food to control body weight or nutrient intake ** Diet food, foods that aid in creating a diet for weight loss ...

, and the managing director of NAMC resigned. NAMC had no experience of selling passenger planes, and so it concluded a contract with Charlotte Aircraft without conducting an investigation into the company's trustworthiness or business practices, nor without creating a clause in the event Charlotte Aircraft refused to conduct sales. When the contract with Charlotte Aircraft was terminated, NAMC was forced to pay 23,000,000 yen and turn over used aircraft. In addition, any requests for a reduction in sales price or delayed payments by airlines had to be reviewed by governmental organizations like the

Ministry of Finance A ministry of finance is a part of the government in most countries that is responsible for matters related to the finance. Lists of current ministries of finance Named "Ministry" * Ministry of Finance (Afghanistan) * Ministry of Finance and Ec ...

or the

. It was said that there were many instances of contracts that could not be concluded due to the absence of the various ministry's approval. By 1994, 112 YS-11s remained in service; the lengthy service life of the type, despite the short manufacturing lifespan, has been hailed by some officials as evidence of the type being successful in some respect. The YS-11 was slowly phased out by Japanese airlines up until the early 2000s, at which point the withdrawal rate spiked in response to new directives issued by the

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism The , abbreviated MLIT, is a ministry of the Japanese government.国土交通省設置法 ...

that required all commercial aircraft in Japan to be fitted with a Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS); any aircraft lacking TCAS were forced to cease operations at the end of 2006. Reportedly, equipping a YS-11 with TCAS had been estimated as costing around ¥100 million (about

US$ The United States dollar (symbol: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ or U.S. Dollar, to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, American dollar, or colloquially buck) is the official ...

1 million), such a refit was deemed economically unsound. Those aircraft that remained in a flight-worthy condition were typically sold to foreign companies. On 30 September 2006,

Japan Air Commuter is a Japanese airline based in Kirishima, Kagoshima Prefecture. It operates feeder services in support of Japan Airlines. Its main base is Kagoshima Airport, with hubs at Osaka International Airport, Amami Airport and Fukuoka Airport. His ...

Flight 3806 marked the final flight of a YS-11 within Japan's commercial aviation industry. In 2007, the YS-11 was added to the Mechanical Engineering Heritage of Japan as item number 13. , fifteen were operated by the Japanese military, and two in Mexico. , only eight remained in service with the

Japan Air Self-Defense Force The , , also informally referred to as the Japanese Air Force, is the air and space branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, responsible for the defense of Japanese airspace, other air and space operations, cyberwarfare and electronic warf ...

, which were being used for flight checks and other ancillary purposes. , two aircraft remain in commercial service in South America and Africa. , the Japan Air Self-Defense Force retires the YS-11 after 57 years of service.

In popular culture

In railroad journals, YS-11 was linked to the 0 Series Shinkansen, another Japanese-made form of transportation that debuted around the time of the 1964 Olympics. Additionally, the Shinkansen and the YS-11 were both developed by individuals who were involved with the creation of military aircraft (this was to be expected with an airplane like the YS-11, but men like Migi Tadanao and Matsudaira Tadashi were also involved with the Shinkansen).

Variants

; YS-11 ; YS-11-100 :Initial production variant. 23,500 kg (51,810 lb) gross weight. 48 built. ; YS-11A-200 :Increased gross weight (24,500 kg (54,010 lb) passenger airliner. ; YS-11A-300 : Combi version of YS-11-200, fitted with large cargo door and capable of carrying both passengers and freight. ; YS-11A-400 :Pure cargo version of -200, used only by Japanese defence forces. ; YS-11A-500 :Passenger airliner with further increased (25,000 kg (55,110 lb)) gross weight produced from 1970.Endres 1996, pp. 24, 26. ; YS-11A-600 :Combi version of -500.Endres 1996, p. 26. ; YS-11E :JASDF "Super YS" powered by T64-IHI-10J.

Customer variants

* YS-11-101: TOA Domestic Airlines * YS-11-102: All Nippon Airways * YS-11-103: Japan Air Self Defense Force * YS-11-104: Japan Civil Aviation Bureau * YS-11-105: Japan Air Self Defense Force * YS-11-106: Japan Domestic Airlines * YS-11-107: Filipinas Orient Airways * YS-11-108: Japan Domestic Airlines * YS-11-109: Japan Domestic Airlines * YS-11-110: Japan Civil Aviation Bureau * YS-11-111: All Nippon Airways * YS-11-113: Japan Maritime Self Defense Force * YS-11-114: TOA Airways * YS-11-115: Aeronautic College * YS-11-116: Filipinas Orient Airways * YS-11-117: Hawaiian Airlines * YS-11-118: Japan Civil Aviation Bureau * YS-11-120: LANSA * YS-11-121: Filipinas Orient Airways * YS-11-124: Japan Domestic Airlines * YS-11-125: Cruzeiro do Sul * YS-11-128: Austral (later Austral Líneas Aéreas) * YS-11-129: TOA Airways * YS-11A-201: NAMC * YS-11A-202: Cruzeiro do Sul * YS-11A-205: Piedmont Airlines * YS-11A-206: Japan Maritime Self Defense Force * YS-11A-207: Japan Maritime Safety Agency * YS-11A-208: All Nippon Airways * YS-11A-209: Southwest Air Lines * YS-11A-211: VASP * YS-11A-212: VASP * YS-11A-213: All Nippon Airways * YS-11A-214: Southwest Air Lines * YS-11A-217: Japan Domestic Airlines * YS-11A-218: Japan Air Self Defense Force * YS-11A-219: China Airlines * YS-11A-220: Olympic Airways * YS-11A-222: TOA Airways * YS-11A-223: All Nippon Airways * YS-11A-227: Japan Domestic Airlines / TOA Airways * YS-11A-301: Korean Air Lines * YS-11A-305: Japan Air Self Defense Force * YS-11A-306: Transair * YS-11A-307: Japan Domestic Airlines * YS-11A-309: Aerotransportes Litoral Argentino (later Austral Líneas Aéreas) * YS-11A-310: Korean Air Lines * YS-11A-313: TOA Airways * YS-11A-314: Air Afrique * YS-11A-321: Air Gabon * YS-11A-402: Japan Air Self Defense Force * YS-11A-404: Japan Maritime Self Defense Force * YS-11A-500: Piedmont Airlines * YS-11A-523: Philippine Civil Aeronautics Administration * YS-11A-621: Trans Gabon * YS-11A-623: Pelita Air Service * YS-11A-624: Japan Maritime Self Defense Force * YS-11A-626: Reeve Aleutian Airways

Operators

All Nippon Airways NAMC YS-11 (JA8743) in 1983 livery

Mid Pacific Air NAMC YS-11A-659 Silagi-1

Civil operators

Former and present operators of the NAMC YS-11 include: *

Aerolíneas Argentinas Aerolíneas Argentinas, formally Aerolíneas Argentinas S.A., is Argentina's largest airline and the country flag carrier. The airline was created in 1949 from the merger of four companies and started operations in . A consortium led by Iberia ...

* Aerotransportes Litoral Argentino * Austral Líneas Aéreas *

Air Aruba Air Aruba was the main air carrier from the island of Aruba. It was founded in 1986 and it declared bankruptcy in 2000. It was headquartered in the Brown Invest Building in Oranjestad, Aruba. History Air Aruba began in September 1986 as a g ...

* Cruzeiro do Sul *

VASP Viação Aérea São Paulo S/A (São Paulo Airways), better known as VASP, was an airline with its head office in the VASP Building on the grounds of São Paulo–Congonhas Airport in São Paulo, Brazil. It had main bases at São Paulo's two ...

BIMP - EAGA Air Alliance The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (french: Bureau international des poids et mesures, BIPM) is an intergovernmental organisation, through which its 59 member-states act together on measurement standards in four areas: chemistry ...

Norcanair Norcanair was the name of a Canadian airline that existed from 1947 to 1987, and again briefly in the early 1990s and from 2001 to 2005. History Norcanair traces its history back to M&C Aviation, founded in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, in 1930 by ...

* Transair Ltd * Societe Generale d'Alimentation * Pyramid Airlines * Trans Gabon Airlines * Gabon Express * Gabon Express Cargo * Gambia AW *

Olympic Airways Olympic Airlines ( el, Ολυμπιακές Αερογραμμές, ''Olympiakés Aerogrammés'' – OA), formerly named Olympic Airways for at least four decades, was the flag carrier airline of Greece. The airline's head office was located ...

Bouraq Indonesia Airlines Bouraq Indonesia Airlines, often shortened to Bouraq Airlines or just Bouraq, was an airline headquartered in Jakarta, Indonesia, which operated mostly domestic passenger flights out of its bases at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport and Sul ...

Pelita Air Service PT Pelita Air Service, usually shortened to Pelita Air, or PAS, is a domestic airline based in Jakarta, Indonesia. Its main base is Pondok Cabe Airport. Pelita Air is listed in category 1 by Indonesian Civil Aviation Authority for airline safety ...

Mandala Airlines Tigerair Mandala (''formerly Mandala Airlines'') was a low-cost carrier headquartered in Jakarta, Indonesia and an associate company of the Singapore-based Tigerair Group. The former full service airline repositioned itself as a budget airline/ ...

Merpati Nusantara Airlines PT Merpati Nusantara Airlines, operating as Merpati Nusantara Airlines, was an airline in Indonesia based in Central Jakarta, Jakarta. It operated scheduled domestic services to more than 25 destinations in Indonesia, as well as scheduled intern ...

Air Afrique Air Afrique was a Pan-African airline, that was mainly owned by many West African countries for most of its history. It was established as the official transnational carrier for francophone West and Central Africa, because many of these countr ...

Air Nippon was a regional airline based in the Shiodome City Center complex in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It was a wholly owned subsidiary of All Nippon Airways (ANA). Its main base was Tokyo International Airport. Code data In April 2004, Air Nippon ...

Japan Air Lines , also known as JAL (''Jaru'') or , is an international airline and Japan's flag carrier and largest airline as of 2021 and 2022, headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo. Its main hubs are Tokyo's Narita International Airport and Haneda Airport, as w ...

Japan Air System was the smallest of the big three Japanese airlines. In contrast to the other two, JAL and ANA, JAS' international route network was very small, but its domestic network incorporated many smaller airports that were not served by the two large ...

Japan Domestic Airlines was the predecessor of Japan Air System. On April 15, 1964, , , and merged to form Japan Domestic Airlines. On May 15, 1971, the airline merged with Toa Airways to form Toa Domestic Airlines; on April 1, 1988 the merged airline renamed itself ...

Japan TransOcean Air , or JTA, is an airline based in Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west b ...

* Toa Domestic Airlines *

Nihon Kinkyori Airlines Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

* Southwest Air Lines Japan * Aerolitoral * Aerodan Cargo * Gacela Air Cargo * AeroSierra *

ALCON Servicios Aereos Alcon is an American Swiss medical company specializing in eye care products with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, and incorporated in Fribourg, Switzerland. Alcon began as a US company and its US subsidiary’s headquarters remain in Fo ...

* Líneas Aéreas Nacionales S.A. *

Philippine Airlines Philippine Airlines (PAL), a trade name of PAL Holdings, Inc. (Philippine Stock Exchange, PSEPAL (Philippine Air Lines until 1970), is the flag carrier airline of the Philippines. Headquartered at the Philippine National Bank, PNB Financial Cen ...

Air Philippines Air Philippines Corporation, operating as PAL Express and formerly branded as Air Philippines and Airphil Express, is a wholly owned subsidiary airline of Philippine Airlines which is under its ownership. It is PAL's regional brand, with servic ...

Air Link International Airways Air Link International Airways is an airline based in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines. It operates charter services and a flying school. Its main base is Ninoy Aquino International Airport. History The airline was established on 10 October 198 ...

Airlink International Aviation College Air Link International Aviation College, also referred to by its acronym ALIAC or simply as Air Link, is a private, aviation-oriented educational institution located at the General Aviation Area of the Domestic Airport in Pasay, Metro Manila, Phi ...

2GO 2GO or 2GO Sea Solutions, also known as 2GO Travel, is a passenger ferry company based in Manila, Philippines, the shipping and passenger ferry arm of 2GO Group, and the only remaining ferry transportation in the Philippines, Manila-based major ...

Aboitiz Air 2GO Air is a logistics and supply chain cargo airline based in Parañaque, Philippines. It operates bulk cargo and express parcel services throughout the Philippines. Its main base is Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Manila. 2GO is operated b ...

Asian Spirit Zest Airways, Inc., operated as AirAsia Zest (formerly Asian Spirit and Zest Air), was a low-cost airline based at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Pasay, Metro Manila in the Philippines. It operated scheduled domestic and international ...

Aero Majestic Airways Aero Majestic Airways, Inc. is a Filipino passenger airline, air charter operator and aircraft maintenance provider based at Zamboanga International Airport in Zamboanga City, Philippines. It is the only Mindanao-based commercial airline operati ...

South Phoenix Airways South Phoenix Airlines is an airline operating in the Philippines. The airline was formerly known as South Phoenix Airways. The company mainly provides charter flights to different destinations and also operates non-scheduled services. Plans to st ...

Korean Air Korean Air Co., Ltd. (), operating as Korean Air (Korean Air Lines before 1984), is the flag carrier of South Korea and its largest airline based on fleet size, international destinations and international flights. The present-day Korean Air ...

* Korean Air Cargo *

China Airlines China Airlines (CAL; ) is the state-owned flag carrier of the Republic of China (Taiwan), and one of its two major airlines along with EVA Air. It is headquartered in Taoyuan International Airport and operates over 1,400 flights weekly (in ...

* Air Star Zanzibar * Air Caribbean *

Phuket Air Phuket Air (Phuket Airlines Co. Ltd) was an airline based in Bangkok, Thailand. The airline specialised in leasing its fleet of Boeing 747 and 737 aircraft on an ACMI (Aircraft, Crews, Maintenance, Insurance) as well as wet lease basis to airlines ...

Air Phoenix Air Phoenix was a short-lived airline based in Bangkok, Thailand operating out of Don Mueang International Airport. History The airline was founded in 2007 and started operations in May 2008 with a flight between Bangkok and Mae Sot, which was ...

Global Air Cargo Global means of or referring to a globe and may also refer to: Entertainment * ''Global'' (Paul van Dyk album), 2003 * ''Global'' (Bunji Garlin album), 2007 * ''Global'' (Humanoid album), 1989 * ''Global'' (Todd Rundgren album), 2015 * Bruno ...

Airlink International Airways NAMC YS-11 Volpati

American Eagle The bald eagle (''Haliaeetus leucocephalus'') is a bird of prey found in North America. A sea eagle, it has two known subspecies and forms a species pair with the white-tailed eagle (''Haliaeetus albicilla''), which occupies the same niche as ...

Continental Express Continental Express was the operating brand name used by a number of independently owned regional airlines providing commuter airliner and regional jet feeder service under agreement with Continental Airlines. In 2012 at the time of the merger ...

Simmons Airlines Simmons Airlines was a United States airline. It was the predecessor to American Eagle Airlines. Its headquarters were originally near Marquette, Michigan, at the Marquette County Airport in Negaunee Township, and were eventually moved to the ...

Reeve Aleutian Airways Reeve Aleutian Airways was an airline headquartered in Anchorage, Alaska, United States. It ceased operations on December 5, 2000. History Founding In February 1946, Bob Reeve received a call informing him that some ex USAAF C-47s and Dougl ...

Provincetown-Boston Airlines Provincetown-Boston Airlines was an airline that operated between 1949 and 1989. The airline operated a route network in New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and Florida, and at one time was the largest commuter airline in the United States be ...

Pinehurst Airlines Pinehurst may refer to: Place names Canada * Pinehurst, Nova Scotia, village located outside New Germany * Pinehurst Lake, lake in northeastern Alberta South Africa * Pinehurst, Western Cape, home belonging to an 'Ostrich Baron' * Pinehurst, Dur ...

* MPAC * Midwest Air Charter/Airborne Express * Far West Airlines *

Fort Worth Airlines A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ...

Hawaiian Airlines Hawaiian Airlines ( haw, Hui Mokulele o Hawaiʻi ) is the largest operator of commercial flights to and from the U.S. state of Hawaii. It is the tenth-largest commercial airline in the United States, and is based at Honolulu, Hawaii. The airl ...

Pacific Southwest Airlines Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) was a regional U.S. airline headquartered in San Diego, California, that operated from 1949 to 1998. It was the first large discount airline in the United States. PSA called itself "The World's Friendliest Airl ...

Mid Pacific Air Mid Pacific Air was a low-cost regional airline which began operations with passenger services in Hawaii. Founded in 1981, initial routes connected the islands of Kauai, O'ahu, Maui and Hawaii (the Big Island). Its primary competitors were e ...

* Tauk Tours *

United States Postal Service The United States Postal Service (USPS), also known as the Post Office, U.S. Mail, or Postal Service, is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for providing postal service in the U ...

Former military operators

NAMC YS-11A, Greece - Air Force AN0192354

; *

Greek Air Force , colours = , colours_label = , march = , mascot = , anniversaries = 8 November , equipment = , equipment_label ...

– 6 ex-Olympic Airways YS-11A aircraft were supplied in 1981. ; *

401st Tactical Airlift Squadron The is a squadron of the 1st Tactical Airlift Group (JASDF), 1st Tactical Airlift Group of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) based at Nagoya Airfield, Komaki Air Base in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It is equipped with Lockheed C-130 Hercules, ...

(1969–1989) ** 402nd Tactical Airlift Squadron (1968–2001) ** 403rd Tactical Airlift Squadron YS-11P (1978–2017) **

Flight Check Squadron is a unit of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force based at Iruma Air Base in Saitama Prefecture north of Tokyo. Under the authority of Air Support Command, it operates YS-11FC and U-125 aircraft. Prior to the U-125 the unit operated Mitsubishi MU- ...

YS-11FC (–2021) ** Electronic Warfare Squadron YS-11EA ** Electronic Intelligence Squadron YS-11EB *

Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force , abbreviated , also simply known as the Japanese Navy, is the maritime warfare branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, tasked with the naval defense of Japan. The JMSDF was formed following the dissolution of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) ...

** Air Transport Squadron 61 YS-11M/M-A (1971–2014) *

Japan Coast Guard The is the coast guard of Japan. The Japan Coast Guard consists of about 13,700 personnel and is responsible for the protection of the coastline of Japan under the oversight of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. Th ...

(1969–2011) JSDF delivery breakdown: JASDF
2 YS-11EA for Electronic Warfare
4 YS-11EB for ELINT
3 YS-11FC for Flight Checker
1 YS-11NT for Navigation Trainer
3 YS-11P for Passenger/VIP Transport JMSDF
2 YS-11M for Freighter
2 YS-11M-A for Freighter
6 YS-11T-A for MPA trainerKawasaki XP-1 As YS-11 Replacement
''Airliners.net, military aviation and space forum''

Accidents and incidents

There have been over twenty hull loss accidents involving YS-11 aircraft. * 13 November 1966,

All Nippon Airways Flight 533 All Nippon Airways Flight 533, registration JA8658, was a NAMC YS-11 en route from Osaka, Japan, to Matsuyama on the island of Shikoku. It was the fifth crash in Japan in 1966 and the second one experienced by All Nippon Airways that year, the f ...

crashed into the sea near

Matsuyama 270px, Matsuyama City Hall 270px, Ehime Prefectural Capital Building is the capital city of Ehime Prefecture on the island of Shikoku in Japan and also Shikoku's largest city. , the city had an estimated population of 505,948 in 243541 househo ...

, Japan with the loss of all five crew and 45 passengers. * 20 October 1969, All Nippon Airways Flight 104 overran the runway at

Miyazaki Airport , also known as Miyazaki Bougainvillea Airport, is an international airport located south southeastAIS Japan
of

, Japan. All four crew and 49 passengers survived. * 11 December 1969, a

flight from

Gangneung Gangneung () is a municipal city in the province of Gangwon-do, on the east coast of South Korea. It has a population of 213,658 (as of 2017).Gangneung City (2003)Population & Households. Retrieved January 14, 2006. Gangneung is the economic ...

Seoul Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as stated iArticle 103 of ...

was hijacked and flown to Sǒndǒk Airfield near

Wonsan Wŏnsan (), previously known as Wŏnsanjin (), Port Lazarev, and Genzan (), is a port city and naval base located in Kangwŏn Province, North Korea, along the eastern side of the Korean Peninsula, on the Sea of Japan and the provincial capital. ...

. The aircraft was damaged on landing and written off. The aircraft, its crew, and seven passengers are still held in North Korean territory. * 12 August 1970,

China Airlines Flight 206 China Airlines Flight 206 was a flight operated by a China Airlines NAMC YS-11, registration ''B-156'', that crashed on approach to Taipei Songshan Airport on 12 August 1970. While preparing to land, the aircraft entered thick fog and a severe ...

crashed into Yuan Mountain on approach to

Taipei Taipei (), officially Taipei City, is the capital and a special municipality of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Located in Northern Taiwan, Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City that sits about southwest of the ...

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...

. Two crew and 12 passengers were killed. * 1 April 1971, a

YS-11 made a wheels-up landing at

Kemayoran Airport Kemayoran Airport also spelled Kemajoran Airport, was the principal airport for Jakarta, Indonesia, from 8 July 1940 until 31 March 1985, when it was replaced by Soekarno–Hatta International Airport. During World War II it was used by the Ro ...

, Jakarta

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

while on a training flight. * 3 July 1971,

Toa Domestic Airlines Flight 63 Toa Domestic Airlines Flight 63, registration JA8764, was a NAMC YS-11A-217 en route from Okadama Airport in Sapporo, Japan to Hakodate Airport. On July 3, 1971, the plane left Sapporo Okadama Airport on a scheduled flight at 08:30. After arriv ...

flew into Yokotsu Mountain while on approach to

Hakodate Airport is an airport located eastAIS Japan
of VASP Viação Aérea São Paulo S/A (São Paulo Airways), better known as VASP, was an airline with its head office in the VASP Building on the grounds of São Paulo–Congonhas Airport in São Paulo, Brazil. It had main bases at São Paulo's two ...

YS-11 was destroyed by fire after a candle was lit inside when the aircraft was being guarded overnight after being bogged down at

Aragarças Airport Aragarças is a municipality in southwest Goiás state, Brazil. Location Aragarças is the most important town in the Aragarças Microregion. It is 410 km from the state capital, Goiânia on the confluence of two important rivers, the Garças ...

Aragarças Aragarças is a municipality in southwest Goiás state, Brazil. Location Aragarças is the most important town in the Aragarças Microregion. It is 410 km from the state capital, Goiânia on the confluence of two important rivers, the Garça ...

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

. Both guards were killed. * 12 April 1972, a VASP flight between

São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for ' Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the Ga ...

and

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a ...

crashed north of Rio de Janeiro. All four crew and 21 passengers were killed. * 18 October 1972, a Cruzeiro do Sul YS-11 overshot the runway at Congonhas Airport, São Paulo and was damaged beyond repair. * 21 October 1972, an

Olympic Airlines Olympic Airlines ( el, Ολυμπιακές Αερογραμμές, ''Olympiakés Aerogrammés'' – OA), formerly named Olympic Airways for at least four decades, was the flag carrier airline of Greece. The airline's head office was located ...

YS-11 en route from Corfu (Kerkyra) to Athens crashed into the sea in Voula, whilst attempting an approach to

Ellinikon International Airport Ellinikon International Airport, sometimes spelled ''Hellinikon'' ( el, Ελληνικόν), was the international airport of Athens, Greece, for 63 years. It was replaced on 28 March 2001 by the new Athens International Airport ''Eleftherios ...

Athens Athens ( ; el, Αθήνα, Athína ; grc, Ἀθῆναι, Athênai (pl.) ) is both the capital and largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh largest city in the European Union. Athens dominates ...

, in a heavy storm. One crew member (the co-pilot) and 36 passengers were killed, while the captain, the two stewardesses and 16 passengers survived. * 23 October 1973, a VASP YS-11 overran the runway at

Santos Dumont Airport Santos Dumont Airport is the second major airport serving Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is named after the Brazilian aviation pioneer Alberto Santos Dumont (1873–1932). It is operated by Infraero. Santos Dumont has slot restrictions operati ...

, Rio de Janeiro after a rejected take-off and ended up in

Guanabara Bay Guanabara Bay ( pt, Baía de Guanabara, ) is an oceanic bay located in Southeast Brazil in the state of Rio de Janeiro. On its western shore lie the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Duque de Caxias, and on its eastern shore the cities of Niterói a ...

. Eight passengers were killed. * 5 March 1974, a

YS-11 crash landed in the desert east of

Borrego Springs Borrego Springs (''Borrego'', Spanish for "Sheep") is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Diego County, California. The population was 3,429 at the 2010 census, up from 2,535 at the 2000 census, made up of both seasonal and year-round resid ...

California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...

while on a training flight. Aircraft was written off. * 6 November 1974, a

YS-11 was written off in a hangar fire at Anchorage,

Alaska Alaska ( ; russian: Аляска, Alyaska; ale, Alax̂sxax̂; ; ems, Alas'kaaq; Yup'ik: ''Alaskaq''; tli, Anáaski) is a state located in the Western United States on the northwest extremity of North America. A semi-exclave of the U.S. ...

. * 28 May 1975, TOA Domestic Airlines Flight 621 was damaged beyond repair in a landing accident at Osaka International Airport when a tyre burst and the aircraft departed the runway. * 23 November 1976, Olympic Airways Flight 830 an Olympic Airlines YS-11 flew into mountain Metaxas near the village of Servia in

Kozani Kozani ( el, Κοζάνη, ) is a city in northern Greece, capital of Kozani regional unit and of Western Macedonia. It is located in the western part of Macedonia, in the northern part of the Aliakmonas river valley. The city lies above sea ...

, Greece, in low clouds and almost zero visibility. All four crew and 46 passengers were killed. * 29 April 1977, a Cruzeiro YS-11 departed the runway on landing at

Ministro Victor Konder International Airport Navegantes–Ministro Victor Konder International Airport is the airport serving Navegantes, Brazil, as well as Itajaí, Balneário Camboriú, and Blumenau. It is named after the Itajaí-born Victor Konder (1886-1941), Minister of Public Works (1 ...

Navegantes Navegantes (, ''Seafarers'') is a coastal and tourist city located in Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil. The population is 83,626 (2020 est.) in an area of 112.0 km². Ministro Victor Konder International Airport serves the popular be ...

, Brazil. * 17 July 1977, a

YS-11 ditched on approach to

Mactan–Cebu International Airport Mactan–Cebu International Airport ( ceb, Tugpahanang Pangkalibutan sa Mactan–Sugbo; fil, Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Mactan–Cebu; ) is an international airport serving Metro Cebu and serves as the main gateway to the Central Visayas regio ...

after an engine failure. * 11 March 1983,

Flight 497 undershot the runway at

Nakashibetsu Airport is an airport located from Nakashibetsu, Hokkaidō, Japan. It serves Nakashibetsu and the nearby city of Nemuro, and is the easternmost airport in the country. The Japanese government officially refers to the airport as Nakashibetsu Airport ...

, Japan. * 13 January 1987, a

YS-11 force landed in a field at

Remington Remington may refer to: Organizations * Remington Arms, American firearms manufacturer * Remington Rand, American computer manufacturer * Remington Products, American manufacturer of shavers and haircare products * Remington College, American c ...

Indiana Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th s ...

after both engines were mismanaged. * 10 January 1988, TOA Domestic Airlines Flight 670 overran the runway at

Miho-Yonago Airport Miho Airbase (美保飛行場) , also known as Yonago Airport is a Japan Air Defense Force (JASDF) base located 11 km northwest of Yonago in Tottori Prefecture. It is owned and operated by JASDF and shares the runway with civil activities ...

Yonago is a city in western Tottori Prefecture, Japan, facing the Sea of Japan and making up part of the boundary of Lake Nakaumi. It is adjacent to Shimane Prefecture and across the lake from its capital of Matsue. It is the prefecture's second larges ...

, Japan after a rejected take-off and ended up in the sea. Aircraft had not been de-iced prior to take-off. * 15 March 1989, a Mid Pacific Air YS-11 undershot the runway at

Purdue University Airport Purdue University Airport is a public-use airport in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States. Owned by Purdue University, the airport is southwest of the central business district of Lafayette, in West Lafayette. Because of the heavy traff ...

Lafayette, Indiana Lafayette ( , ) is a city in and the county seat of Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States, located northwest of Indianapolis and southeast of Chicago. West Lafayette, on the other side of the Wabash River, is home to Purdue University, whi ...

due to loss of pitch control caused by icing on the tail. The aircraft was on a positioning flight, both crew members were killed. * 6 March 1992, an

Airborne Express Airborne Express was an express delivery company and cargo airline. Headquartered in Seattle, Washington, its hub was in Wilmington, Ohio. Airborne was founded as the Airborne Flower Traffic Association of California in 1946 to fly flowers f ...

YS-11 made a wheels-up landing at

Airborne Airpark Wilmington Air Park, effective 2009-08-27. is a public-use airport located two nautical miles (3.7 km) southeast of the central business district of Wilmington, a city in Clinton County, Ohio, United States. While DHL had privately owned t ...

Wilmington, Ohio Wilmington is a city in and the county seat of Clinton County, Ohio, United States. The population was 12,660 at the 2020 census. At city entrances from state routes, county roads, and U.S. highways, the city slogan of "We Honor Our Champions" is ...

while on a training flight due to pilot error. * 24 June 1996, an

YS-11 struck a ground power unit while taxiing at Naga Airport, Naga City. Aircraft was destroyed in the subsequent fire. * 16 February 2000,

Flight 354 departed the runway at

Okadama Airport is an airport located in Okadama-chō, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, north of the city center of Sapporo. Its scheduled airline service is limited to turboprop flights to other cities in Hokkaidō; larger aircraft use New Chitose Airport, ...

Sapporo ( ain, サッ・ポロ・ペッ, Satporopet, lit=Dry, Great River) is a city in Japan. It is the largest city north of Tokyo and the largest city on Hokkaido, the northernmost main island of the country. It ranks as the fifth most populous cit ...

, Japan and collided with a bank of snow. * 3 November 2001, a YS-11 being prepared for delivery to an airline in Burundi was destroyed by a fire caused by a stray

firework Fireworks are a class of low explosive pyrotechnic devices used for aesthetic and entertainment purposes. They are most commonly used in fireworks displays (also called a fireworks show or pyrotechnics), combining a large number of devices in ...

London Southend Airport London Southend Airport is an international airport situated on the outskirts of Southend-on-Sea in Essex, England, approximately from the centre of London. The airport straddles the boundaries between the city of Southend-on-Sea and the R ...

. * 11 September 2005, Phuket Airlines Flight 326 skids off the runway at

Mae Sot Airport Mae Sot Airport ( th, ท่าอากาศยานแม่สอด) is an international airport serving Mae Sot, a town in Tak Province in Thailand. Currently, it is connected to two domestic destinations. Nok Air started the first inte ...

Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...

. * 2 January 2008,

Flight 321 suffered an undercarriage collapse on landing at Masbate Airport, Philippines. * 28 September 2009,

Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force , abbreviated , also simply known as the Japanese Navy, is the maritime warfare branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, tasked with the naval defense of Japan. The JMSDF was formed following the dissolution of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) ...

YS-11M-A serial number ''9044'' overran the runway upon landing at

Ozuki Air Field is a military aerodrome of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force . It is located in Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. Accidents and incidents *28 September 2009, Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force , abbreviated , also simply kn ...

and was substantially damaged.

Aircraft on display

;Brazil * 2080 – YS-11A-200 on static display as a restaurant in Tijucas, Santa Catarina. ;Greece *2137 (Hellenic Air Force) - YS-11A-220 at the Elefsis Heritage Park ;Japan * JA8611 – YS-11 prototype at the Museum of Aeronautical Science in Narita, Chiba. * JA8731 - YS-11A-213 at the Kakamigahara Aerospace Museum. * JA8732 – YS-11A-213 at the Tokorozawa Aviation Memorial Park in

Tokorozawa, Saitama is a city located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 344,194 in 163,675 households and a population density of 4800 persons per km². The total area of the city is . Geography Tokorozawa is located in the ...

. *JA8733 - YS-11A-213 at

Saga Airport is an airport in the Kawasoe area of Saga, Saga Prefecture, Japan. It also uses the unofficial name . Saga Airport is located on the edge of the Ariake Sea, in what is best called a polder, 35 minutes from JR Saga Station by bus. History ...

*JA8734 – YS-11A-500R at

Tajima Airport , also known as is an airport southwestAIS Japan
of

in Toyooka, Hyogo Prefecture. *JA8743 - YS-11A-213 at Sanuki Kodomono Kuni amusement park near

Takamatsu Airport is a second class airport located south southwestAIS Japan
of

. *JA8766 - YS-11A-227 at Misawa Aviation & Science Museum *JA8809 - YS-11A-202 at the Michinoku Traditional Wooden Boat Museum. * 52-1152 (JASDF) at the

Aichi Museum of Flight is an aviation museum located in Toyoyama, Aichi Prefecture. It was set up next to the Airport Walk Nagoya which was renovated from the former international terminal in the southwestern part of Nagoya Airfield. Overview At the Nagoya airfield, ...

Komaki is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 148,872 in 68,174 households, and a population density of . The total area of the city was . Komaki is commonly associated with the former Komaki Airport, whi ...

, Aichi Prefecture. * JA8160 The first mass-produced YS-11 has been in storage at

Haneda Airport , officially , and sometimes called as Tokyo Haneda Airport or Haneda International Airport , is one of two international airports serving the Greater Tokyo Area, the other one being Narita International Airport (NRT). It serves as the primary ...

since 1999, where it has been maintained and kept airworthy by the National Museum of Nature and Science and is occasionally available for public viewing. FieldTrip 2017 on Philippine Air Force Aerospace Museum in Manila

FieldTrip 2017 on Philippine Air Force Aerospace Museum in Manila

;Philippines * RP-77 – YS-11A-523 at the Philippine Air Force Aerospace Museum in Manila, National Capital. ;Thailand * HS-APA YS-11A-227 at Jesada Technik Museum * HS-KCU YS-11A-213 at Nong Khor ;United States * P4-KFD – YS-11-120 on static display at the Grissom Air Museum near

Peru, Indiana Peru is a city in, and the county seat of, Miami County, Indiana, United States. It is north of Indianapolis. The population was 11,417 at the 2010 census, making it the most populous city in Miami County. Peru is located along the Wabash Rive ...

Specifications (YS-11A-200)

Japan Air Commuter NAMC YS-11 (JA8759) parked at Osaka International Airport

References

Citations

Bibliography

* * Lehman, William
"US Airways."
''Arcadia Publishing'', 2013. * Odagiri, Hiroyuki., Goto Odagiri and Akira Gotō
"Technology and Industrial Development in Japan."
''Clarendon Press'', 1996. *

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Namc Ys-11 1960s Japanese airliners MITI projects

YS-11 The NAMC YS-11 is a turboprop airliner designed and built by the Nihon Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation (NAMC), a Japanese consortium. It was the only post-war airliner to be wholly designed and manufactured in Japan until the development of ...

Twin-turboprop tractor aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1962 Low-wing aircraft