Návsí
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( pl, , german: Nawsi) is a municipality and village in Frýdek-Místek District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the
Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...
. It has about 3,800 inhabitants. Polish minority makes up 17.4% of the population.


Etymology

The name is derived from ''náves'' or ''nawsie'', which denotes an empty part of a village customarily used as a common pasture. It served as a common of neighbouring Jablunkov.


Geography

Návsí lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia, small part of the municipality borders
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
. It lies on the both banks of the
Olza Olza may refer to: *Olza (river), a river in the Czech Republic and Poland *Olza, Silesian Voivodeship, a village in Poland *Cendea de Olza/Oltza Zendea, a municipality in Spain *SS Olza, SS ''Olza'', a Polish ship {{disambig ...
River. The municipality is located mainly in the Jablunkovice Furrow lowland, but it also extends to the Silesian Beskids on the east, and to the
Moravian-Silesian Beskids The Moravian-Silesian Beskids (Czech: , sk, Moravsko-sliezske Beskydy) is a mountain range in the Czech Republic with a small part reaching to Slovakia. It lies on the historical division between Moravia and Silesia, hence the name. It is part o ...
and the eponymous protected landscape area on the west. The highest points are the mountains Velký Stožek at and Krkavice at , both on the Czech-Polish border. In the northern part of the municipality is situated the mountain meadow of Filipka and the Rohovec forest, both protected as nature monuments.


History

It is possible that the village was already mentioned in a document of
Bishop of Wrocław Bishops of the (Breslau )Wrocław Bishopric, Prince-Bishopric (1290–1918), and Archdiocese (since 1930; see Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław for details). Bishops * 1000–? – John (Johannes) * 1051–1062 – Hieronymus * 1063–1072 ...
issued on 23 May 1223 for Norbertine Sisters in Rybnik among villages paying them a
tithe A tithe (; from Old English: ''teogoþa'' "tenth") is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government. Today, tithes are normally voluntary and paid in cash or cheques or more r ...
as ''Novoza'', however without certainty. The first verified written mention of Návsí is from 1435, when Wenceslaus I, Duke of Cieszyn gave a privilege to Paweł Sikora to establish a farming community. Návsí was originally called Jablunkov, but after the village was destroyed by a Hungarian raid, a new settlement emerged nearby (today's Jablunkov) and Návsí became known as Old Jablunkov. Návsí was first mentioned under its modern name in 1577 as ''Nawsy''. In addition to not very profitable agriculture, the inhabitants devoted themselves to mountain farming, which developed in the 16th and 17th centuries. In the 18th century, the use of forests led to the decline of mountain farming. The Sikora family was very rich in regional conditions and gradually owned a mill and a mile here and gained abandoned lands. In 1791 they had built a wooden Protestant church, the bricked one was built in 1817–1820. In 1793, a rectory was built, and the Evangelical scholl was established in 1794. The Sikora family managed the village until the early 20th century. After
Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire The Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire were a set of revolutions that took place in the Austrian Empire from March 1848 to November 1849. Much of the revolutionary activity had a nationalist character: the Empire, ruled from Vienna, incl ...
a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was subscribed to the
political district An electoral district, also known as an election district, legislative district, voting district, constituency, riding, ward, division, or (election) precinct is a subdivision of a larger state (a country, administrative region, or other polit ...
of Teschen and the legal district of Jablunkau. The municipality developed quickly the
Košice–Bohumín Railway The Košice–Bohumín Railway ( cs, Košicko-bohumínská dráha, sk, Košicko-bohumínska železnica, pl, Kolej koszycko-bogumińska, german: Kaschau-Oderberger Bahn, hu, Kassa-Oderbergi Vasút) can refer to: *originally: A private railway com ...
line was put into operation in 1871. Thanks to the railway, the importance of Návsí increased. A new village centre was formed near the railway station. According to the censuses conducted in 1880–1910 the population of the municipality grew from 1,412 in 1880 to 2,249 in 1910 with a majority being native Polish-speakers (between 94.7% and 97.7%) accompanied by German-speaking (at most 74 or 4% in 1900) and Czech-speaking people (at most 17 or 0.9% in 1900). In terms of religion in 1910 the majority were
Protestants Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...
(1,449 or 64.4%), followed by
Roman Catholics The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
(783 or 34.8%) and
Jews Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
(17 or 0.8%). After
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
,
Polish–Czechoslovak War The Poland–Czechoslovakia War, also known mostly in Czech sources as the Seven-day war ( cs, Sedmidenní válka) was a military confrontation between Czechoslovakia and Poland over the territory of Cieszyn Silesia in early 1919. After a vai ...
and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part of
Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...
. Following the
Munich Agreement The Munich Agreement ( cs, Mnichovská dohoda; sk, Mníchovská dohoda; german: Münchner Abkommen) was an agreement concluded at Munich on 30 September 1938, by Nazi Germany, Germany, the United Kingdom, French Third Republic, France, and Fa ...
, in October 1938 together with the Zaolzie region it was annexed by
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
, administratively adjoined to
Cieszyn County __NOTOC__ Cieszyn County ( pl, powiat cieszyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Czech and Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result o ...
of Silesian Voivodeship. Návsí was then annexed by
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
at the beginning of
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
. After the war it was restored to
Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...
. From 1960 to 1993 Návsí was an administrative part of Jablunkov.


Transport

Návsí lies on the railway line Mosty u Jablunkova–Návsí–
Třinec Třinec (; pl, Trzyniec ; german: Trzynietz) is a city in Frýdek-Místek District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 34,000 inhabitants and is the least populated statutory city in the country. The city is an ...
Ostrava Ostrava (; pl, Ostrawa; german: Ostrau ) is a city in the north-east of the Czech Republic, and the capital of the Moravian-Silesian Region. It has about 280,000 inhabitants. It lies from the border with Poland, at the confluences of four rive ...
.


Notable people

* Władysław Michejda (1876–1937), Polish lawyer and mayor of Cieszyn * Tadeusz Michejda (1879–1956), Polish physician and politician * Władysław Młynek (1930–1997), Polish poet and writer; lived and died here * Halina Mlynkova (born 1977), Polish singer *
Adam Gawlas Adam Gawlas (born 18 February 2002) is a Czech professional darts player who plays in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. Career Gawlas qualified for his first PDC European Tour tournament in mid-2019, when he qualified for the 2019 Aus ...
(born 2002), darts player


Gallery

Jablunkov, Masarykova základní škola.JPG, Czech primary school 2013 Nawsie, Polska szkoła podstawowa 02.jpg, Polish primary school 2013 Nawsie, Dawna szkoła ewangelicka Emaus 03.jpg, Former Evangelical school


References


External links

*
Polish Cultural and Educational Union Nawsie
{{DEFAULTSORT:Navsi Villages in Frýdek-Místek District Cieszyn Silesia