A myxoid liposarcoma is a

malignant Malignancy () is the tendency of a medical condition to become progressively worse. Malignancy is most familiar as a characterization of cancer. A ''malignant'' tumor contrasts with a non-cancerous ''benign'' tumor in that a malignancy is not s ...

adipose tissue neoplasm of myxoid appearance histologically. Myxoid liposarcomas are the second-most common type of

liposarcoma Liposarcomas are the most common subtype of soft tissue sarcomas, accounting for at least 20% of all sarcomas in adults. Soft tissue sarcomas are rare neoplasms with over 150 different histological subtypes or forms. Liposarcomas arise from the pr ...

, representing 30–40% of all liposarcomas in the limbs, occurring most commonly in the legs, particularly the thigh, followed by the buttocks, retroperitoneum, trunk, ankle, proximal limb girdle, head and neck, and wrist. They occur in the intermuscular fascial planes or deep-seated areas. They present as a large, slow-growing, painless mass. The neoplastic cells in these neoplasms contain

chromosomal translocation In genetics, chromosome translocation is a phenomenon that results in unusual rearrangement of chromosomes. This includes balanced and unbalanced translocation, with two main types: reciprocal-, and Robertsonian translocation. Reciprocal translo ...

s which create one of two

fusion gene A fusion gene is a hybrid gene formed from two previously independent genes. It can occur as a result of translocation, interstitial deletion, or chromosomal inversion. Fusion genes have been found to be prevalent in all main types of human neopla ...

s: the '' FUS-

DDIT3 DNA damage-inducible transcript 3, also known as C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), is a pro-apoptotic transcription factor that is encoded by the ''DDIT3'' gene. It is a member of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family of DNA-binding ...

'' in ~90% and the ''

EWSR1 RNA-binding protein EWS is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''EWSR1'' gene on human chromosome 22, specifically 22q12.2. It is one of 3 proteins in the FET protein family. The q22.2 region of chromosome 22 encodes the N-terminal transact ...

-DDIT3'' fusion gene in up to 10% of myxoid liposarcoma cases. The ''FUS-DDIT3'' fusion gene forms by a merger of part of the FUS FET gene family gene normally located at

band Band or BAND may refer to: Places *Bánd, a village in Hungary *Band, Iran, a village in Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran * Band, Mureș, a commune in Romania *Band-e Majid Khan, a village in Bukan County, West Azerbaijan Province, I ...

11.2 on the short (or "p") arm of

chromosome 16 Chromosome 16 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 16 spans about 90 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents just under 3% of the total DNA in cell ...

with part of the ''DDIT3''

ETS transcription factor family In the field of molecular biology, the ETS (E26 transformation-specific or E-twenty-six. (Erythroblast Transformation Specific)) family is one of the largest families of transcription factors and is unique to animals. There are 29 genes in humans ...

gene normally located at band 13.3 on the long (or "q") arm of

chromosome 12 Chromosome 12 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 12 spans about 133 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the to ...

. This fusion gene is notated as t(12;16)(q13;p11).

Preclinical studies In drug development, preclinical development, also termed preclinical studies or nonclinical studies, is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug ...

, i.e. laboratory studies, suggest that the ''FUS-DDIT3'' fusion gene may act as an

oncogene An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In tumor cells, these genes are often mutated, or expressed at high levels.

to promote the development of myxoid liposarmas. The ''EWSR1-DDIT3'' fusion gene forms by a merger of the ''

'' FET gene family gene located at band 12.2 on the q arm of

chromosome 22 Chromosome 22 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in human cells. Humans normally have two copies of chromosome 22 in each cell. Chromosome 22 is the second smallest human chromosome, spanning about 49 million DNA base pairs and representing b ...

with part of the ''DDIT3'' gene. This fusion gene is notated as t(12;22)(q13;12).

Additional images

Myxoid liposarcoma (06).JPG,

Micrograph A micrograph or photomicrograph is a photograph or digital image taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnified image of an object. This is opposed to a macrograph or photomacrograph, an image which is also taken on a m ...

of myxoid liposarcoma.

H&E stain Hematoxylin and eosin stain ( or haematoxylin and eosin stain or hematoxylin-eosin stain; often abbreviated as H&E stain or HE stain) is one of the principal tissue stains used in histology. It is the most widely used stain in medical diagnos ...

HG_mixoid_liposarcoma,_MRI,_2019,_10,_13.png,

MRI Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves ...

of myxoid liposarcoma of high grade, in left axillary region of 40 year old man. Horizontal section.

References

External links

Myxoid liposarcoma: a rare soft-tissue tumor with a misleading benign appearanceEfficacy of first-line doxorubicin and ifosfamide in myxoid liposarcoma. 2012
Sarcoma {{oncology-stub

Additional images

See also

References

External links