Mundham, South Norfolk

Mundham, historically Mundaham or Mundhala, is a small village and civil parish in the county of Norfolk, England. Archaeological and toponymic evidence of Mundham's existence predates its appearance in the Domesday survey of 1086, dating back to the early Anglo Saxon period. However, there has been activity in the area since the early Neolithic period, as well as a small Roman settlement which was located in the village.
In the 2001 Census, the population was 168 in 63 households, this grew to 177 at the 2011 Census, however in the 2021 census, the population had dropped to 147. The parish covers an area of , and is approximately southeast of Norwich and west of Great Yarmouth.

For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of South Norfolk, however Mundham does have a Parish council responsible for local matters laid down by law, including a role in local planning, it consists of 5 councillors, and a clerk. The village contains a number of heritage-listed buildings, which include a 12th-century church, multiple farmhouses, and the ruins of a 13th-century church. The fields and woodland surrounding Mundham have changed little in the past 500 years, and the village itself remains rural with a low population density compared to the national average.

Location

Mundham is located in the electoral district of Loddon which is located in the South Norfolk district of the county of Norfolk, England. Mundham lies at an average elevation of 30 metres, with a range of 16 to 41 metres, being lower to the north, and higher in the south, and is located 11 miles south-east of Norwich. Near the centre of Mundham, there is a small stream which flows into the River Chet. Mundham borders the River Chet to the north, between Mundham and Bergh Apton. In the west, it borders Seething, while in the northeast, it borders Sisland. In the southeast the extensions of Loddon reach. In the south Mundham borders Thwaite, and in the southwest it borders with Hedenham.
The Village sign is located near St Peter's Church, and depicts a series of houses in the foreground, with a church and large tree in the background, the supports are carved into stems of wheat, with a small mouse and a poppy hidden in them.

Geography

Mundham's topography is similar to most of East Anglia, and is made up of river meadows and flat agricultural landscapes, with a combination of sandy soil in the north, and clayey soil in the south. As of 2023, land cover mostly consists of cultivated crops and Hay, along with scattered trees, mostly consisting of various varieties of Oak trees. The geological system of Mundham mostly consists of Cainozoic Sedimentary rock, with a layer of Eocene clay and sand laid down in the Paleogene Period.

Mundham Magna has slightly acidic loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage, and low carbon. The cropping of Mundham is reasonably flexible but more suited to autumn sown crops and grassland. Mundham Parva has similar soil, albeit slightly less fertile, however it has more clay and therefore slower drainage, and although it is still slightly acidic, the soil is base rich.

Climate

Like most of Norfolk, and much of the British Isles, Mundham has a temperate maritime climate, with relatively cool summers and mild winters. There is regular but generally light precipitation throughout the year.

History

Mundham was founded in the early Anglo Saxon period, in the Kingdom of East Anglia, during the Heptarchy, in the 6/7th century AD. St Peter's Church and Mundham Hall were built between then and 1086, as they appear Mundham's entry in the Domesday book. In the 12th/13th century, Mundham was split into Mundham St Peter's (Mundham Magna) and Mundham St Ethelbert's (Mundham Parva), and St Ethelbert's Church was built for use by Mundham Parva, until 1454 when Mundham re-unified, despite this St Ethelbert's stayed open until 1749. In the 12th century, the current iteration of St Peter's was built. Throughout the 19th century, the major landowners of Mundham were usually the owner of Mundham house, which was built sometime prior to 1845, and the lord of the manor in Dickleburgh-Manclere. Across from the Church, Roman coins and other artefacts have been found, estimated between 43 AD and 73 AD, during the Roman Conquest of Britain.

Origins and

Toponymy

Mundham was founded as an early Anglo Saxon farming settlement, built on the sandy soil of the river Chet, however there has been activity here since the earliest period of human settlement in Norfolk. Mesolithic blades, and burnt and worked flints as well as Neolithic flints have been found in nearby fields, as have flint and bronze axes, scrapers and many other objects.

A number of early Neolithic pits have been discovered, one of which contained burnt wood and debris and a human cremation, other nearby pits have been dated to the Bronze Age, and a ditch and another two pits have been dated to the Iron Age. Evidence of the Bronze Age appears in a number of ring ditches, enclosures and linear crop marks. Objects found include arrowheads, assorted metal tools and pottery sherds. Iron Age artefacts were found, along with postholes, ditches and pits. Objects from the period include coins, jewellery and pottery.

There is evidence of a Roman settlement, as Roman bricks and tiles, as well as many sherds of Roman pottery have been found, as have personal items such as brooches and cosmetic tools, and coins.

The name originates from the pre-7th century word ''Mund'', which is the nominative plural of the Old English word ''munda'', meaning "protector" or "guardian." The suffix ''-ham'' is the Old English noun meaning "homestead, village, manor or estate." The suffix ''-hamm'' is the Old English for "enclosure", "land hemmed by water or marsh or higher ground", "land in a riverbend", "river­meadow" or "promontory". Both appear as ''-ham'' in modern place names. Although the first record of Mundham and St Peter's Church is in the original Domesday book, Mundham, as indicated by its archaeology and toponymy, was established here in the Early Saxon period, prior to the 7th century AD, as the remains of sunken-featured buildings, or Pit-houses have been excavated, and an Early Saxon inhumation cemetery as well as a Middle Saxon posthole. In 1086, Mundham had a population of 76.3 households and had its land split between 13 different owners, giving it an estimated population of 381, putting it in the top 20% of settlements listed in the Domesday Book. In the Domesday Book, it is listed as:

"Mundaham / Mundhala:
King's land, in the custody of Godric; also in the charge of William de Noyers; Thorold, Ulfketel and Robert de Vaux from Roger Bigot; Jocelyn from St Edmund's; Nigel and Ansger from Robert FitzCorbucion; Isaac; Roger FitzRainard; Ralph FitzHagni. ½ church. Horse at the hall."

This is also the first mention of St Peter's Church and Mundham Hall, originally St Peter's Church would have been owned and run by the Hall, as the concept of a parish church arrived with the Normans.

Middle Ages to Early Modern Period

Unfortunately, during this period, Mundham is relatively poorly recorded, however some evidence comes from archaeological finds and church records. St Peter's Church is the oldest building in Mundham, having been first built before the Domesday Book was written, as it has Anglo-Saxon foundations. It also has a beautiful example of a carved Norman doorway. The nave of the church dates from the 12th century, and the 15th-century bell-tower contains the remains of a relatively plain, Norman Purbeck marble font.

Sometime after the Domesday book was written, and sometime before 1224, Mundham was split into two different villages, Mundham St Peter's (or Mundham Magna) and Mundham St Ethelbert's (or Mundham Parva), the split was marked by the building of a second church, St Ethelbert's, for use by Mundham Parva. St Ethelbert's wasn't well recorded until the late 13th century, and its rectors date from 1305 until 1454, when Mundham was reunited into one village, although St Ethelbert's continued to operate until its closure in 1749.

Mundham has a Poor Lands charity which provides a small amount of money to elderly residents of the village using the rent from an plot of land which it owns, the land was left in 1680 by Thomas Spooner and an unknown donor, which brought in 20 shillings and 10 shillings of yearly rent charges in 1845 respectively. St Peter's Church records date from dates from 1559, the churches of Mundham and Seething have been joined since the 15th century, before they merged with Thwaite, Brooke and Kirstead, forming a group, before being fully joined as a benefice, by order of the council, in 1881.

Late Modern Period

Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, Mundham grew significantly through the Industrial Revolution, with the population peaking in 1831 at 314, Mundham also acquired a general store, a butchers shop, a post-mill, and three Chapels in this period. St Peter's church underwent considerable growth during this time, as it was refurbished and had the vestry and northern aisle added, giving an extra 50 seats, also, a new faux-Romanesque font was added, replacing the old Norman font which was then lost for almost a century. Sometime around 1750, Mundham house was constructed as a typical Georgian Manor house, and it possesses many interesting Neoclassical features. In 1881, Mundham, Seething, Thwaite, Brooke and Kirstead formed the Brooke Benefice, fully uniting them as one permanent church appointment.

Throughout the late modern period the major landowners of Mundham changed constantly, in the mid 19th century, G.S. Kett, whom was lord of the manor in Dickleburgh-Manclere, Jonathan Farrow, esquire, the owner of Mundham House, and Edward Clarke, esquire, were the major landowners. However in the 1880s, Henry Manners-Sutton, 4th Viscount Canterbury, who lived in Dickleburgh-Manclere, was the major landowner in Mundham, but by the late 19th century, the major landowner was Mr Hy. E. Garrod, however, Edward Clarke and his son, Henry, still owned a large area of land in Mundham, and Arthur E. Powell, esq, now owned Mundham house. By this time, Mundham was officially located in the Brooke polling district.

Up until 1879 the vicar of the Brooke group, and therefore the vicar of St Peter's Church was J. T. Burt, he lived in a rectorial manor which belonged to the Great Hospital in Norwich, which also held a large area of land and the advowson, the ability to present a nominee for the position of vicar, in Mundham, he was then replaced by Charles Hocking Hicks, whom was vicar until 1936.

Landmarks

Mundham St Peter's

When Mundham was two separate villages, Mundham St Peter's, or Mundham Magna (Mundham Greater), was the smaller, denser, northern part of Mundham and existed until the reunification in 1454. St Peter's Church, the ruins of St Ethelbert's Church, Mundham House, and the site of Mundham Hall, are all located within Mundham St Peter's. It was originally known as Mundham Magna, but was called Mundham St Peter's in more recent writings.

St Peter's Church

Located in the west of Mundham, on Loddon road, St Peter's Church was originally built in the 6/7th century as the private chapel of Mundham Hall, as the concept of the parish church arrived with the Normans, which St Peter's Church became in the late 11th century, and while none of the Saxon church remains, the foundations are still Saxon. There has been a Church on the site for over a millennium, and it was first recorded in the Domesday book. Originally, St Peter's was a Catholic church, seeing as it predates the English Reformation by nigh 900 years, however after that, St Peter's Church became an Anglican church, and the paintings of Saints on the walls were painted over, however most of the internals of the church were not changed, and remain into the modern age.

=Exterior

=
The nave of St Peter's Church is a 12th-century, Norman, flint, construction, which still retains a pair of Norman doorways, one more plain doorway which now leads to the vestry, and one elaborate doorway which is the main entrance to the church, it has three well-carved members, and elaborate scrolls, leaves, and rolls, and was likely carved by the same Norman stonemason as both Ashby St Mary's St Mary, and Heckingham's St Gregory, as all have the same signature style.

The Chancel was built in the 14th century, and the tower and most of the internal dressings of the church are 15th century, it has three stages, which has a battlemented parapet with turreted corners and gargoyles to throw rainwater clear of the walls. The roof is tiled with pantiles and slates, however it was originally thatched. The arcading of flint on the battlements has the remains of the lettering "St Petrus", meaning "Saint Peter" in Latin.

=Interior

=


The nave of St Peter's church is a long, narrow Norman build, which dates from the 12th century, it was built with a rare, early example of Scissor beams, and the walls are painted with saints and other Catholic imagery, unfortunately these were painted over during the English Reformation, however recently a 15th-century mural depicting Saint Christopher has been uncovered, and although a large section is covered by a memorial from 1797, his head and body, the floral border, and a prayer scroll which contains an invitation to pray before the image are revealed. Directly across from the entrance is another, more plain, Norman doorway, and while it was once another entrance to the church, it now leads to a vestry which was added in 1887 for Queen Victoria's golden jubilee. Just inside the door on the right is the Holy Water Stoup, and on the south wall there are two Tudor windows, which have carved heads on the outside of the window frame.

The 15th-century, wooden rood screen, which is used to separate the people's church from the chancel, decorated with carved cherub's heads, was once painted red and white, but has since lost its colour, the pews also date from the 15th century, and have carved poppy heads on the ends. The pulpit used to be on the right side of the rood screen, however it was removed in 1962 for safety reasons. On the right of the screen there is an hourglass holder, which was used to time the priests sermons, and nearby that a recess marks the way up where the rood loft once was.

The Reredos was added in 1908, having been donated by the rev. Charles Hicks and his wife. The chancel has three plain windows, which have the names of the glaziers scratched into them. The only stained glass in the church is on the main window at the far end of the church, it is a cartouche of Saint Peter's Keys, which was added in 1953 for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. At the far end of the church the floor has been raised in order to raise the altar higher for the congregation, which makes the 15th-century Piscina (which is contained in a canopied recess) and Sedilia relatively close to the floor. The mediaeval credence shelf is rare, as it was built with notches to hold the chalice upside-down while it drains.

On the northern side of the church, an extra aisle was added in 1863, which provides 50 additional seats, it also holds the church's small, victorian Organ, which was built by William Hill, an accomplished 19th century organ builder, and uniquely for a small instrument, it has two full-sized keyboards, and a full pedalboard. On the east wall is a framed brass rubbing of the memorial to William Harborne, whom was the first English Ambassador to Constantinople.

The bell tower was added in the 15th century, it contains three bells; the smallest of which is the Sanctus bell, it has a very rare "narrow-waisted" design, it was originally located in St Ethelbert's church, but was removed when that church was dissolved in 1749. The other two bells are a pair of Angelus bells, which are also called 'the Gabriel bells'. The Church font, which is located in the centre of the bell tower, is a recent addition from 1877, and is built in a Victorian faux-Romanesque style. The original 13th-century, Norman, purbeck marble font is depicted in a Cotman engraving, a copy of which is kept in the church, the remains of the font are located in the corner of the tower, as it was lost in the 1870's, until it was found in a pond in Seething in the 1920's. Including the fonts, a rare Tudor fireplace/wafer oven, one of only half a dozen left in Norfolk, and a 14th-century Consecration cross in a southern tower recess was discovered in the 1930s, in a tower recess, opposite which is a recess for banners.

The church also contains a rare example of the Royal Arms for George II, dated 1743, and in 1968, the ancient building was finally installed with electric lighting and heating.

=Memorials and Notable People

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As is typical for such an ancient church, St Peter's Church contains many memorials to those who have contributed significantly to the church, the village, and even the country as a whole.

Henry Osborn

The oldest memorial in the building, this small metal floor plaque dates from 1538, and is situated at the head of the Chancel. It is written in a mediaeval cursive style, and is very difficult to read. The entire plaque is transcribed below.

"Of your charitie pray for the soule of Henry Osborn whois bodie lieth buried under this ston / died in the XXIX yeir of our sovreign lord kyng Henry the VIII on whose soule Jesu have mercy amen."

King Henry VIII was crowned in 1509, and this was recorded as the 29th year of his reign, making the year 1538.

This is one of the very last examples of the use of prayer clauses in a memorial inscription in Norfolk, because shortly after prayers for the dead became illegal.

William Harborne

William Harborne was the first ever English ambassador to Constantinople from November 1582 until August 1588, leaving it as one of the most powerful positions in the English foreign service, when he retired to Mundham, living in Mundham Hall.
The plaque reads:

"Behold a dead mans howse who full of dayes, retirde here from the world desert and praise should sitt uppon in vertuous strife, this to instruct and that to wright his life. Heires spare your cost, he needs no tombe in death, who Embassagde for Queene Elizabeth, his next will be when at the generall dome God sends his soule to fetch his bodye home"

He had a gravestone at St Ethelbert's, but it has been lost along with the rest of the churchyard, the inscription of his grave read:

"Reader, the dust inclos'd beneath this pile,
A life unspotted liv'd; devoid of e'ery guile,
Plain in his manners, sincere to his friend,
A pattern of virtue with honesty combin'd,
Shewn thro' e'ery action while here on earth,
'Till unerring fate had stopt his breath."

Harborne had a significant role in preventing the Ottoman Empire from supporting Catholic Spain in the war against Protestant England that was taking place at the time. Harborne was able to persuade the Porte that Spain was a threat to peace for all of Europe, and although he was unable to obtain a military alliance with the Ottoman empire, the Spanish-Ottoman protocol was not renewed in 1587, and the Elizabethan Treaty was renewed and would continue for another 343 years between England and the Ottoman Empire, until 1930. William's daughter, Elizabeth, married Gregory Randall and had a daughter, also called Elizabeth, whom was born in 1629 and died in January 1652 at the age of 23. Her memorial in latin reads:

"Elizabethae filia unica Gregorij Randall Generosi & Elizabethae uxoris ejus unius filiarum gulielmi Harborne armigeri hic sepultae fuit hense Jan anno 1652, aetatis suae 23"

Which translated into English is:
"Elizabeth, the only daughter of Gregory Randall, noble, and Elizabeth, his wife, one of the daughters of William Harborne, esquire, was buried here Jan. 1652, at the age of 23"

Gregory's son, William, and his wife, Elizabeth (née Cooke) lost four daughters at birth, and laid a stone in their memory in August 1671. Their memorial in latin reads:

"Quatuor infantes filiolae gulielmi randall generosi & Elizabethae uxoris ejus unius filiarum gulielmi cookrade broome barronetti sunt hic sepultae, in quarum memoriam hunc lapidem posvit earum pater hense augusti 1671"

Which translated into English is:
"Four infant daughters of William Randall, noble, and Elizabeth his wife, one of the daughters of William Cooke, baronet of Broome, are buried here, in memory of which their father laid this stone in August 1671"

Elizabeth Randall's father was William Cooke, first Baronet of Broome hall, and her brother, Sir William Cooke, became the second and final Baronet of Broome hall.

The Grimer Family

The Grimer's lived in Mundham for nearly 250 years, from 1523 to 1772, beginning when Robert Greymer was born, and ending when Robert Grimer was born. They were some of the major landowners of their time, and have three floor plaques and a wall plaque in St Peter's Church which is over the St Christopher's painting, one of which has their 'self assigned' coat of arms of three golden eagles on a green shield.

The War Memorial

On the south wall of the aisle in St Peter's Church is the WWI war memorial, which is carved from Italian marble, it was unveiled in memory of those who lost their lives in the war.

The list of the dead goes as follows:

* Alfred William Adams - Private, 7th Norfolks
* Harry Chilvers - Private, 2nd Norfolks
* Albert William Copeman - Private, 9th Norfolks
* Robert Copeman - Lance Corporal, 8th Norfolks
* Edward James Doubleday - Private, 3rd Norfolks
* James Ewles - Private, 1st Suffolks
* Herbert George Fenn - Sergeant, Machine Gun Corps
* Herbert Nichols - Private, 1st Essex
* Harold Thurtle - Private, 1st Essex
"Their Name Liveth for Evermore"

George Eardley Todd

George Todd was born in 1881, to George Nicholas Todd and Bertha Eardley-Wilmot, and married his wife Mary in 1914, he was the churchwarden of St Peter's Church from 1923 until his death in 1939, he is buried in St Peter's graveyard. He held the rank of lieutenant colonel in the British Army, making him both the only known officer and the highest-ranked military personnel to ever reside in Mundham. He received the White Eagle: 4th Class in 1919, and the Croix de Guerre, Chevalier of the Legion of Honor, and Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, , after his death. He served as a wing commander in the Royal Flying Corps from 1916 to 1917, and later served in the The Welsh Regiment in 1920.

St Ethelbert's Church

St Ethelbert's Church was originally a Catholic church, but became an Anglican church during the English reformation,when Mundham split into two different villages in the 12/13th century, it was built for use by the newly created Mundham Parva, and although Mundham reunified in 1454, St Ethelbert's church was not made redundant until 1749, almost 300 years later. It was not well recorded until well into the 13th century, and its rectors date from 1305 until it closed. Located near the centre of Mundham, the ruins of St Ethelbert's church are hidden by a small wooded copse, the edge of the graveyard is marked by the ground sloping away, then there are three pillars of flint and stone topped by elder, two of which form the east wall, either side of a window, while the third forms part of the north wall, these are the remains of the chancel. There are surviving blocks of stone in the former east window outline, and a putlog hole to the right of it.

Mundham House

Mundham House is a grade II listed, late 18th-century, brick house with neoclassical features. It was built in , and it is shown on the Faden's map from 1797. The house was extended and altered in the 19th and 20th centuries, and has sash windows, with gauged and rubbed brick arches; a central pedimented door; a peacock tail fanlight and an elaborately tiled exterior lavatory dating to . The stables also date to the late 18th or early 19th century and have lunette windows. It also appeared in White's 1854 - 1890, under the ownership of Jonathan Farrow, esq, and later Arthur Ernest Powell, esq.

Mundham Hall

To the southeast of St Peter's Church is the site of Mundham Hall, it was built during the Heptarchy of the Kingdom of East Anglia, as the Hall built St Peter's Church as their personal chapel, because the idea of a parish church came from the Normans, whom St Peter's Church predates. The hall is first recorded in the Domesday book entry for Mundham as owning a horse. The building was demolished over 200 years ago, however the most the stables were converted into a private residence, in whose garden the hall's foundations have been found.

Mundham Mill

Mundham Mill was located at the top of Mundham Common, to which it lends the current house its name. As with many sites in Mundham, the mill is first shown on the 1797 Faden's map of Mundham. In 1819, the mill was under the ownership of one Mr. William Brown of Sizeland, when, on 30 July, two children, Amelia and Robert Pitcher, aged 3 and 4 respectively, were killed when hit with the mill sails, were buried two days later in St Peter's Churchyard. The newspaper story is:

"At Mundham mill, belonging to Mr. W. Brown of Sizeland, two children one aged three, other five playing in yard when sails knocked down girl. Boy ran to her assistance also struck by sails and killed. Girl died soon afterwards.
Essex Herald - 10 August 1819"

The mill is on both the Bryants map in 1826, and the Greenwoods map in 1834. From 1845 to 1852, the Mill was owned by William Beverly, (b. 1800) and in the 1851 census, he lived in the mill house with his family, his wife Mary Ann (b. 1809) and his 5 children; Mary Ann (b. 1835), William (b. 1838), Michael (b. 1840), Emma (b. 1843) and Margrett (b. 1848).

In 1852, William Beverly was declared insolvent, and the mill was sold to G.S Kett, who auctioned off the mill to Uriah Tibbenham in June of that year, who ran it from 1864 to 1872. It is next mentioned in 1875, under the tenancy of Johnson Goff. In 1883, the previously wind powered mill was changed to a wind and steam method. Johnson continued under tenancy until 20 July 1901, when he bought the mill at auction, which he continued to run and own until 1908. In 1908, mill was bought by Ezra Upton, who ran it until its demolition in , as by 1937 only the broken wall of the roundhouse remained.

The Three Chapels

In the mid 19th Century, two chapels were founded on the same site, one Primitive Methodist in 1833, and one Baptist in 1849, whether or not these chapels overlap in their occupancy is unknown.
In 1893, the third chapel was founded as a Wesleyan Methodist church, which later became Methodist in 1932 due to the Methodist unification, before closing in 1980, after 87 years, it was constructed by Arthur E. Powell, whom lived in Mundham House at the time, as stated by a stone plaque on the building.

Mundham St Ethelbert's

When Mundham was two separate villages, Mundham St Ethelbert's, also called Mundham Parva (Mundham Lesser), was the larger, sparser, southern part of Mundham and existed until the reunification in 1454. Seething observatory, and now the majority of Seething Airfield, are located within Mundham St Ethelbert's. It was originally known as Mundham Parva, but was called Mundham St Ethelbert's in more recent writings.

Seething Airfield

The Airfield in Mundham was constructed in 1942 for use as an American airbase in the Second World War, it was originally called RAF Seething, and was the base of operations for the 448th Bomb Group, a part of the 2nd Air Division of the 8th American Air Force. They flew Liberator bombers in several missions from 1943 to 1945.

RAF Seething was located mostly in Seething, however after the Second World War the areas of the airfield which were in Seething were returned to farmland. None of Seething Airfield is located inside Seething anymore. In 1963, the Waveney Flying Group purchased the land, which they renovated and continue to use as of 2023.

Seething Observatory

Seething Observatory is located in the far south of Mundham, on the north side of Toad Lane, and is run by the Norwich Astronomical Society. Because of the location of the observatory, the light pollution of Mundham is regulated, meaning that the village cannot have any street lights in the village, and the light pollution is situated at the Rural level, which is the second lowest level.

Listed Buildings

In Mundham, there are thirteen listed buildings, twelve of which are Grade II listed, and only one which is Grade I listed, which is St Peter's Church.

Demography

The demography of Mundham is recorded from 1801 to 2021 and is shown in the table below.

Public services

Policing in Mundham is provided by Norfolk Constabulary, Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by the Norfolk Fire and Rescue Service, of which the nearest station is in Loddon.

The nearest NHS hospital is Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital in Norwich, administered by Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Ambulance services are provided by East of England Ambulance Service.

Waste management is coordinated by South Norfolk Council. Locally produced inert waste for disposal is processed into fuel for use in combined heat and power facilities in Europe. Mundham's distribution network operator for electricity is UK Power Networks. Drinking water and waste water are managed by Anglian Water.

References

External links

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Villages in Norfolk
Civil parishes in Norfolk
South Norfolk