Mundham, South Norfolk
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Mundham, historically Mundaham or Mundhala, is a small
village A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town (although the word is often used to describe both hamlets and smaller towns), with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to ...
and
civil parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties, or their combined form, the unitary authority ...
in the
county A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesChambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...
of
Norfolk Norfolk () is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in East Anglia in England. It borders Lincolnshire to the north-west, Cambridgeshire to the west and south-west, and Suffolk to the south. Its northern and eastern boundaries are the No ...
, England. Archaeological and
toponymic Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of ''wikt:toponym, toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Toponym is the general term for a p ...
evidence of Mundham's existence predates its appearance in the
Domesday survey Domesday Book () – the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book" – is a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William I, known as William the Conqueror. The manusc ...
of 1086, dating back to the early Anglo Saxon period. However, there has been activity in the area since the early
Neolithic The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several parts ...
period, as well as a small Roman settlement which was located in the village. In the 2001 Census, the population was 168 in 63 households, this grew to 177 at the 2011 Census, however in the 2021 census, the population had dropped to 147. The parish covers an area of , and is approximately southeast of
Norwich Norwich () is a cathedral city and district of Norfolk, England, of which it is the county town. Norwich is by the River Wensum, about north-east of London, north of Ipswich and east of Peterborough. As the seat of the See of Norwich, with ...
and west of
Great Yarmouth Great Yarmouth (), often called Yarmouth, is a seaside town and unparished area in, and the main administrative centre of, the Borough of Great Yarmouth in Norfolk, England; it straddles the River Yare and is located east of Norwich. A pop ...
. For the purposes of local government, it falls within the
district A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
of
South Norfolk South Norfolk is a local government district in Norfolk, England. Its council is based in Long Stratton. The population of the Local Authority District was 124,012 as taken at the 2011 Census. History The district was formed on 1 April 197 ...
, however Mundham does have a Parish council responsible for local matters laid down by law, including a role in local planning, it consists of 5 councillors, and a clerk. The village contains a number of
heritage-listed This list is of heritage registers, inventories of cultural properties, natural and man-made, tangible and intangible, movable and immovable, that are deemed to be of sufficient heritage value to be separately identified and recorded. In many ...
buildings, which include a 12th-century church, multiple farmhouses, and the ruins of a 13th-century church. The fields and woodland surrounding Mundham have changed little in the past 500 years, and the village itself remains rural with a low population density compared to the national average.


Location

Mundham is located in the
electoral district An electoral district, also known as an election district, legislative district, voting district, constituency, riding, ward, division, or (election) precinct is a subdivision of a larger state (a country, administrative region, or other polity ...
of
Loddon Loddon may refer to: *Loddon, Norfolk in England, UK *Shire of Loddon in Victoria, Australia (since 1995) **Bridgewater On Loddon, Victoria in Australia *River Loddon, flows into the River Thames near Reading *Loddon River, flows north from south of ...
which is located in the
South Norfolk South Norfolk is a local government district in Norfolk, England. Its council is based in Long Stratton. The population of the Local Authority District was 124,012 as taken at the 2011 Census. History The district was formed on 1 April 197 ...
district of the
county A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesChambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...
of
Norfolk Norfolk () is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in East Anglia in England. It borders Lincolnshire to the north-west, Cambridgeshire to the west and south-west, and Suffolk to the south. Its northern and eastern boundaries are the No ...
,
England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...
. Mundham lies at an average elevation of 30 metres, with a range of 16 to 41 metres, being lower to the north, and higher in the south, and is located 11 miles south-east of Norwich. Near the centre of Mundham, there is a small stream which flows into the
River Chet The River Chet is a small river in South Norfolk, England, a tributary of the River Yare. It rises in Poringland and flows eastwards through Alpington, Bergh Apton, Thurton and Loddon. At Loddon it passes under the A146 through Loddon Mill and ...
. Mundham borders the River Chet to the north, between Mundham and
Bergh Apton Bergh Apton (Ber-Guh App-ton) is a village and civil parish in the South Norfolk district of Norfolk, England, 7 miles (11 km) south-east of Norwich just south of the A146 between Yelverton and Thurton. According to the 2001 census it ha ...
. In the west, it borders Seething, while in the northeast, it borders Sisland. In the southeast the extensions of
Loddon Loddon may refer to: *Loddon, Norfolk in England, UK *Shire of Loddon in Victoria, Australia (since 1995) **Bridgewater On Loddon, Victoria in Australia *River Loddon, flows into the River Thames near Reading *Loddon River, flows north from south of ...
reach. In the south Mundham borders Thwaite, and in the southwest it borders with
Hedenham Hedenham is a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It covers an area of and had a population of 173 in 70 households at the 2001 census, including Thwaite St. Mary and increasing to 240 at the 2011 Census. For the purposes of local g ...
. The Village sign is located near St Peter's Church, and depicts a series of houses in the foreground, with a church and large tree in the background, the supports are carved into stems of wheat, with a small mouse and a poppy hidden in them.


Geography

Mundham's
topography Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces. The topography of an area may refer to the land forms and features themselves, or a description or depiction in maps. Topography is a field of geoscience and planetary sci ...
is similar to most of
East Anglia East Anglia is an area in the East of England, often defined as including the counties of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire. The name derives from the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of the East Angles, a people whose name originated in Anglia, in ...
, and is made up of river meadows and flat agricultural landscapes, with a combination of sandy soil in the north, and clayey soil in the south. As of 2023, land cover mostly consists of cultivated crops and
Hay Hay is grass, legumes, or other herbaceous plants that have been cut and dried to be stored for use as animal fodder, either for large grazing animals raised as livestock, such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep, or for smaller domesticat ...
, along with scattered trees, mostly consisting of various varieties of Oak trees. The
geological Geology () is a branch of natural science concerned with Earth and other astronomical objects, the features or rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Eart ...
system of Mundham mostly consists of
Cainozoic The Cenozoic ( ; ) is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history. It is characterised by the dominance of mammals, birds and flowering plants, a cooling and drying climate, and the current configura ...
Sedimentary Sedimentary rocks are types of rock (geology), rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic matter, organic particles at Earth#Surface, Earth's surface, followed by cementation (geology), cementation. Sedimentati ...
rock, with a layer of
Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene' ...
clay Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2 Si2 O5( OH)4). Clays develop plasticity when wet, due to a molecular film of water surrounding the clay par ...
and
sand Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided mineral particles. Sand has various compositions but is defined by its grain size. Sand grains are smaller than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural class of s ...
laid down in the
Paleogene The Paleogene ( ; British English, also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period, geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million yea ...
Period. Mundham Magna has slightly acidic
loamy Loam (in geology and soil science) is soil composed mostly of sand (particle size > ), silt (particle size > ), and a smaller amount of clay (particle size < ). By weight, its mineral composition is about 40–40–20% concentration of sand–sil ...
and clayey soils with impeded drainage, and low carbon. The cropping of Mundham is reasonably flexible but more suited to autumn sown crops and grassland. Mundham Parva has similar soil, albeit slightly less fertile, however it has more clay and therefore slower drainage, and although it is still slightly acidic, the soil is base rich.


Climate

Like most of Norfolk, and much of the British Isles, Mundham has a
temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout t ...
maritime climate An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate, is the humid temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification ''Cfb'', typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool summers and mild winters ...
, with relatively cool summers and mild winters. There is regular but generally light precipitation throughout the year.


History

Mundham was founded in the early Anglo Saxon period, in the
Kingdom of East Anglia la, Regnum Orientalium Anglorum , conventional_long_name = Kingdom of the East Angles , common_name = East Anglia , era = , status = Great Kingdom , status_text = Independent (6th centu ...
, during the
Heptarchy The Heptarchy were the seven petty kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England that flourished from the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the 5th century until they were consolidated in the 8th century into the four kingdoms of Mercia, Northumbria, Wess ...
, in the 6/7th century AD. St Peter's Church and Mundham Hall were built between then and 1086, as they appear Mundham's entry in the Domesday book. In the 12th/13th century, Mundham was split into Mundham St Peter's (Mundham Magna) and Mundham St Ethelbert's (Mundham Parva), and St Ethelbert's Church was built for use by Mundham Parva, until 1454 when Mundham re-unified, despite this St Ethelbert's stayed open until 1749. In the 12th century, the current iteration of St Peter's was built. Throughout the 19th century, the major landowners of Mundham were usually the owner of Mundham house, which was built sometime prior to 1845, and the lord of the manor in Dickleburgh-Manclere. Across from the Church, Roman coins and other artefacts have been found, estimated between 43 AD and 73 AD, during the
Roman Conquest of Britain The Roman conquest of Britain refers to the conquest of the island of Britain by occupying Roman forces. It began in earnest in AD 43 under Emperor Claudius, and was largely completed in the southern half of Britain by 87 when the Staneg ...
.


Origins and

Toponymy Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of ''toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of ...

Mundham was founded as an early Anglo Saxon farming settlement, built on the sandy soil of the river Chet, however there has been activity here since the earliest period of human settlement in Norfolk. Mesolithic blades, and burnt and worked flints as well as
Neolithic The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several parts ...
flints have been found in nearby fields, as have
flint Flint, occasionally flintstone, is a sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as the variety of chert that occurs in chalk or marly limestone. Flint was widely used historically to make stone tools and start fir ...
and bronze axes, scrapers and many other objects. A number of early Neolithic pits have been discovered, one of which contained burnt wood and debris and a human cremation, other nearby pits have been dated to the Bronze Age, and a ditch and another two pits have been dated to the Iron Age. Evidence of the
Bronze Age The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second pri ...
appears in a number of
ring ditch In archaeology, a ring ditch is a trench of circular or penannular plan, cut into bedrock. They are usually identified through aerial photography either as soil marks or cropmarks. When excavated, ring ditches are usually found to be the ploughed ...
es,
enclosures Enclosure or Inclosure is a term, used in English landownership, that refers to the appropriation of "waste" or "common land" enclosing it and by doing so depriving commoners of their rights of access and privilege. Agreements to enclose land ...
and linear crop marks. Objects found include arrowheads, assorted metal tools and pottery
sherds This page is a glossary of archaeology, the study of the human past from material remains. A B C D E F ...
.
Iron Age The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. It was preceded by the Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and the Bronze Age (Chalcolithic). The concept has been mostly appl ...
artefacts were found, along with
posthole In archaeology a posthole or post-hole is a cut feature used to hold a surface timber or stone. They are usually much deeper than they are wide; however, truncation may not make this apparent. Although the remains of the timber may survive, most p ...
s, ditches and pits. Objects from the period include coins, jewellery and pottery. There is evidence of a Roman settlement, as Roman bricks and tiles, as well as many sherds of Roman pottery have been found, as have personal items such as brooches and cosmetic tools, and coins. The name originates from the pre-7th century word ''Mund'', which is the
nominative In grammar, the nominative case (abbreviated ), subjective case, straight case or upright case is one of the grammatical cases of a noun or other part of speech, which generally marks the subject of a verb or (in Latin and formal variants of Engl ...
plural The plural (sometimes abbreviated pl., pl, or ), in many languages, is one of the values of the grammatical category of number. The plural of a noun typically denotes a quantity greater than the default quantity represented by that noun. This de ...
of the
Old English Old English (, ), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, Anglo ...
word ''munda'', meaning "protector" or "guardian." The suffix ''-ham'' is the Old English noun meaning "homestead, village, manor or estate." The suffix ''-hamm'' is the Old English for "enclosure", "land hemmed by water or marsh or higher ground", "land in a riverbend", "river­meadow" or "
promontory A promontory is a raised mass of land that projects into a lowland or a body of water (in which case it is a peninsula). Most promontories either are formed from a hard ridge of rock that has resisted the erosive forces that have removed the so ...
". Both appear as ''-ham'' in modern place names. Although the first record of Mundham and St Peter's Church is in the original
Domesday book Domesday Book () – the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book" – is a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William I, known as William the Conqueror. The manusc ...
, Mundham, as indicated by its archaeology and toponymy, was established here in the Early Saxon period, prior to the 7th century AD, as the remains of sunken-featured buildings, or
Pit-house A pit-house (or ''pit house'', ''pithouse'') is a house built in the ground and used for shelter. Besides providing shelter from the most extreme of weather conditions, these structures may also be used to store food (just like a pantry, a larder ...
s have been excavated, and an Early Saxon inhumation cemetery as well as a Middle Saxon
posthole In archaeology a posthole or post-hole is a cut feature used to hold a surface timber or stone. They are usually much deeper than they are wide; however, truncation may not make this apparent. Although the remains of the timber may survive, most p ...
. In 1086, Mundham had a population of 76.3 households and had its land split between 13 different owners, giving it an estimated population of 381, putting it in the top 20% of settlements listed in the Domesday Book. In the Domesday Book, it is listed as: "Mundaham / Mundhala: King's land, in the custody of Godric; also in the charge of William de Noyers; Thorold, Ulfketel and Robert de Vaux from
Roger Bigot Roger Bigod (died 1107) was a Norman knight who travelled to England in the Norman Conquest. He held great power in East Anglia, and five of his descendants were earls of Norfolk. He was also known as Roger Bigot, appearing as such as a witness t ...
; Jocelyn from St Edmund's; Nigel and Ansger from Robert FitzCorbucion; Isaac; Roger FitzRainard; Ralph FitzHagni. ½ church. Horse at the hall."
This is also the first mention of St Peter's Church and Mundham Hall, originally St Peter's Church would have been owned and run by the Hall, as the concept of a parish church arrived with the Normans.


Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...
to Early Modern Period

Unfortunately, during this period, Mundham is relatively poorly recorded, however some evidence comes from archaeological finds and church records. St Peter's Church is the oldest building in Mundham, having been first built before the Domesday Book was written, as it has Anglo-Saxon foundations. It also has a beautiful example of a carved Norman doorway. The
nave The nave () is the central part of a church, stretching from the (normally western) main entrance or rear wall, to the transepts, or in a church without transepts, to the chancel. When a church contains side aisles, as in a basilica-type ...
of the church dates from the 12th century, and the 15th-century bell-tower contains the remains of a relatively plain, Norman Purbeck marble font. Sometime after the Domesday book was written, and sometime before 1224, Mundham was split into two different villages, Mundham St Peter's (or Mundham Magna) and Mundham St Ethelbert's (or Mundham Parva), the split was marked by the building of a second church, St Ethelbert's, for use by Mundham Parva. St Ethelbert's wasn't well recorded until the late 13th century, and its rectors date from 1305 until 1454, when Mundham was reunited into one village, although St Ethelbert's continued to operate until its closure in 1749. Mundham has a Poor Lands charity which provides a small amount of money to elderly residents of the village using the rent from an plot of land which it owns, the land was left in 1680 by Thomas Spooner and an unknown donor, which brought in 20 shillings and 10 shillings of yearly rent charges in 1845 respectively. St Peter's Church records date from dates from 1559, the churches of Mundham and Seething have been joined since the 15th century, before they merged with Thwaite, Brooke and Kirstead, forming a group, before being fully joined as a benefice, by order of the council, in 1881.


Late Modern Period In many periodizations of human history, the late modern period followed the early modern period. It began approximately around the year 1800 and depending on the author either ended with the beginning of contemporary history after World War ...

Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, Mundham grew significantly through the
Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840. This transition included going f ...
, with the population peaking in 1831 at 314, Mundham also acquired a general store, a butchers shop, a post-mill, and three Chapels in this period. St Peter's church underwent considerable growth during this time, as it was refurbished and had the vestry and northern aisle added, giving an extra 50 seats, also, a new faux-Romanesque font was added, replacing the old Norman font which was then lost for almost a century. Sometime around 1750, Mundham house was constructed as a typical
Georgian Georgian may refer to: Common meanings * Anything related to, or originating from Georgia (country) ** Georgians, an indigenous Caucasian ethnic group ** Georgian language, a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians **Georgian scripts, three scrip ...
Manor house, and it possesses many interesting Neoclassical features. In 1881, Mundham, Seething, Thwaite, Brooke and Kirstead formed the Brooke
Benefice A benefice () or living is a reward received in exchange for services rendered and as a retainer for future services. The Roman Empire used the Latin term as a benefit to an individual from the Empire for services rendered. Its use was adopted by ...
, fully uniting them as one permanent church appointment. Throughout the late modern period the major landowners of Mundham changed constantly, in the mid 19th century, G.S. Kett, whom was lord of the manor in Dickleburgh-Manclere, Jonathan Farrow, esquire, the owner of Mundham House, and Edward Clarke, esquire, were the major landowners. However in the 1880s, Henry Manners-Sutton, 4th
Viscount Canterbury Viscount Canterbury, of the City of Canterbury, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1835 for the Tory (political faction), Tory politician Charles Manners-Sutton, 1st Viscount Canterbury, Sir Charles Manners-Sutt ...
, who lived in Dickleburgh-Manclere, was the major landowner in Mundham, but by the late 19th century, the major landowner was Mr Hy. E. Garrod, however, Edward Clarke and his son, Henry, still owned a large area of land in Mundham, and Arthur E. Powell, esq, now owned Mundham house. By this time, Mundham was officially located in the Brooke polling district. Up until 1879 the vicar of the Brooke group, and therefore the vicar of St Peter's Church was J. T. Burt, he lived in a rectorial manor which belonged to the Great Hospital in Norwich, which also held a large area of land and the
advowson Advowson () or patronage is the right in English law of a patron (avowee) to present to the diocesan bishop (or in some cases the ordinary if not the same person) a nominee for appointment to a vacant ecclesiastical benefice or church living, ...
, the ability to present a nominee for the position of vicar, in Mundham, he was then replaced by Charles Hocking Hicks, whom was vicar until 1936.


Landmarks


Mundham St Peter's

When Mundham was two separate villages, Mundham St Peter's, or Mundham Magna (Mundham Greater), was the smaller, denser, northern part of Mundham and existed until the reunification in 1454. St Peter's Church, the ruins of St Ethelbert's Church, Mundham House, and the site of Mundham Hall, are all located within Mundham St Peter's. It was originally known as Mundham Magna, but was called Mundham St Peter's in more recent writings.


St Peter's Church

Located in the west of Mundham, on Loddon road, St Peter's Church was originally built in the 6/7th century as the private chapel of Mundham Hall, as the concept of the parish church arrived with the Normans, which St Peter's Church became in the late 11th century, and while none of the
Saxon The Saxons ( la, Saxones, german: Sachsen, ang, Seaxan, osx, Sahson, nds, Sassen, nl, Saksen) were a group of Germanic * * * * peoples whose name was given in the early Middle Ages to a large country (Old Saxony, la, Saxonia) near the Nor ...
church remains, the foundations are still Saxon. There has been a Church on the site for over a millennium, and it was first recorded in the
Domesday book Domesday Book () – the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book" – is a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William I, known as William the Conqueror. The manusc ...
. Originally, St Peter's was a
Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
church, seeing as it predates the
English Reformation The English Reformation took place in 16th-century England when the Church of England broke away from the authority of the pope and the Catholic Church. These events were part of the wider European Protestant Reformation, a religious and poli ...
by nigh 900 years, however after that, St Peter's Church became an
Anglican Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It is one of th ...
church, and the paintings of
Saints In religious belief, a saint is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of holiness Sacred describes something that is dedicated or set apart for the service or worship of a deity; is considered worthy of spiritual res ...
on the walls were painted over, however most of the internals of the church were not changed, and remain into the modern age.


=Exterior

= The
nave The nave () is the central part of a church, stretching from the (normally western) main entrance or rear wall, to the transepts, or in a church without transepts, to the chancel. When a church contains side aisles, as in a basilica-type ...
of St Peter's Church is a 12th-century, Norman, flint, construction, which still retains a pair of
Norman Norman or Normans may refer to: Ethnic and cultural identity * The Normans, a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France in the 10th and 11th centuries ** People or things connected with the Norm ...
doorways, one more plain doorway which now leads to the
vestry A vestry was a committee for the local secular and ecclesiastical government for a parish in England, Wales and some English colonies which originally met in the vestry or sacristy of the parish church, and consequently became known colloquiall ...
, and one elaborate doorway which is the main entrance to the church, it has three well-carved members, and elaborate scrolls, leaves, and rolls, and was likely carved by the same Norman
stonemason Stonemasonry or stonecraft is the creation of buildings, structures, and sculpture using stone as the primary material. It is one of the oldest activities and professions in human history. Many of the long-lasting, ancient shelters, temples, mo ...
as both
Ashby St Mary Ashby St Mary, historically Ascebei, is a small village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The civil parish has an area of and in the 2001 census had a population of 297 in 115 households, the population increasing to 316 in 120 ...
's St Mary, and Heckingham's St Gregory, as all have the same signature style. The Chancel was built in the 14th century, and the tower and most of the internal dressings of the church are 15th century, it has three stages, which has a battlemented parapet with turreted corners and gargoyles to throw rainwater clear of the walls. The roof is tiled with
pantile A pantile is a type of fired roof tile, normally made from clay. It is S-shaped in profile and is single lap, meaning that the end of the tile laps only the course immediately below. Flat tiles normally lap two courses. A pantile-covered roo ...
s and slates, however it was originally
thatched Thatching is the craft of building a roof with dry vegetation such as straw, water reed, sedge (''Cladium mariscus''), rushes, heather, or palm branches, layering the vegetation so as to shed water away from the inner roof. Since the bulk of ...
. The arcading of flint on the battlements has the remains of the lettering "St Petrus", meaning "Saint Peter" in
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
.


=Interior

= The
nave The nave () is the central part of a church, stretching from the (normally western) main entrance or rear wall, to the transepts, or in a church without transepts, to the chancel. When a church contains side aisles, as in a basilica-type ...
of St Peter's church is a long, narrow Norman build, which dates from the 12th century, it was built with a rare, early example of Scissor beams, and the walls are painted with saints and other Catholic imagery, unfortunately these were painted over during the
English Reformation The English Reformation took place in 16th-century England when the Church of England broke away from the authority of the pope and the Catholic Church. These events were part of the wider European Protestant Reformation, a religious and poli ...
, however recently a 15th-century mural depicting
Saint Christopher Saint Christopher ( el, Ἅγιος Χριστόφορος, ''Ágios Christóphoros'') is veneration, venerated by several Christianity, Christian denominations as a martyr killed in the reign of the 3rd-century Roman Empire, Roman emperor Deciu ...
has been uncovered, and although a large section is covered by a memorial from 1797, his head and body, the floral border, and a prayer scroll which contains an invitation to pray before the image are revealed. Directly across from the entrance is another, more plain, Norman doorway, and while it was once another entrance to the church, it now leads to a vestry which was added in 1887 for
Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria, her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 21 ...
's
golden jubilee A golden jubilee marks a 50th anniversary. It variously is applied to people, events, and nations. Bangladesh In Bangladesh, golden jubilee refers the 50th anniversary year of the separation from Pakistan and is called in Bengali ''"সু ...
. Just inside the door on the right is the
Holy Water Stoup A holy water font or stoup is a vessel containing holy water which is generally placed near the entrance of a church. It is often placed at the base of a crucifix or religious representation. It is used in the Catholic Church, Anglican Churches ...
, and on the south wall there are two Tudor windows, which have carved heads on the outside of the window frame. The 15th-century, wooden
rood screen The rood screen (also choir screen, chancel screen, or jubé) is a common feature in late medieval church architecture. It is typically an ornate partition between the chancel and nave, of more or less open tracery constructed of wood, stone, or ...
, which is used to separate the people's church from the
chancel In church architecture, the chancel is the space around the altar, including the choir and the sanctuary (sometimes called the presbytery), at the liturgical east end of a traditional Christian church building. It may terminate in an apse. Ove ...
, decorated with carved
cherub A cherub (; plural cherubim; he, כְּרוּב ''kərūḇ'', pl. ''kərūḇīm'', likely borrowed from a derived form of akk, 𒅗𒊏𒁍 ''karabu'' "to bless" such as ''karibu'', "one who blesses", a name for the lamassu) is one of the u ...
's heads, was once painted red and white, but has since lost its colour, the
pew A pew () is a long bench (furniture), bench seat or enclosed box, used for seating Member (local church), members of a Church (congregation), congregation or choir in a Church (building), church, synagogue or sometimes a courtroom. Overview ...
s also date from the 15th century, and have carved poppy heads on the ends. The pulpit used to be on the right side of the rood screen, however it was removed in 1962 for safety reasons. On the right of the screen there is an hourglass holder, which was used to time the priests sermons, and nearby that a recess marks the way up where the rood loft once was. The
Reredos A reredos ( , , ) is a large altarpiece, a screen, or decoration placed behind the altar in a church. It often includes religious images. The term ''reredos'' may also be used for similar structures, if elaborate, in secular architecture, for ex ...
was added in 1908, having been donated by the rev. Charles Hicks and his wife. The chancel has three plain windows, which have the names of the glaziers scratched into them. The only stained glass in the church is on the main window at the far end of the church, it is a
cartouche In Egyptian hieroglyphs, a cartouche is an oval with a line at one end tangent to it, indicating that the text enclosed is a royal name. The first examples of the cartouche are associated with pharaohs at the end of the Third Dynasty, but the fea ...
of Saint Peter's Keys, which was added in 1953 for the coronation of
Queen Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II, her death in 2022. She was queen ...
. At the far end of the church the floor has been raised in order to raise the altar higher for the congregation, which makes the 15th-century
Piscina A piscina is a shallow basin placed near the altar of a church, or else in the vestry or sacristy, used for washing the communion vessels. The sacrarium is the drain itself. Anglicans usually refer to the basin, calling it a piscina. For Roman ...
(which is contained in a canopied recess) and
Sedilia In church architecture, sedilia (plural of Latin ''sedīle'', "seat") are seats, usually made of stone, found on the liturgical south side of an altar, often in the chancel, for use during Mass for the officiating priest and his assistants, the ...
relatively close to the floor. The mediaeval credence shelf is rare, as it was built with notches to hold the chalice upside-down while it drains. On the northern side of the church, an extra aisle was added in 1863, which provides 50 additional seats, it also holds the church's small, victorian
Organ Organ may refer to: Biology * Organ (biology), a part of an organism Musical instruments * Organ (music), a family of keyboard musical instruments characterized by sustained tone ** Electronic organ, an electronic keyboard instrument ** Hammond ...
, which was built by William Hill, an accomplished 19th century organ builder, and uniquely for a small instrument, it has two full-sized keyboards, and a full pedalboard. On the east wall is a framed brass rubbing of the memorial to
William Harborne William Harborne of Great Yarmouth, Norfolk (c.1542–1617) was a diplomat, businessman, and English Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, appointed by Queen Elizabeth I of England. Establishment of the English Embassy in Constantinople Following a ...
, whom was the first English Ambassador to
Constantinople la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه , alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis (" ...
. The bell tower was added in the 15th century, it contains three bells; the smallest of which is the Sanctus bell, it has a very rare "narrow-waisted" design, it was originally located in St Ethelbert's church, but was removed when that church was dissolved in 1749. The other two bells are a pair of Angelus bells, which are also called 'the Gabriel bells'. The Church font, which is located in the centre of the bell tower, is a recent addition from 1877, and is built in a Victorian faux-Romanesque style. The original 13th-century, Norman, purbeck marble font is depicted in a Cotman engraving, a copy of which is kept in the church, the remains of the font are located in the corner of the tower, as it was lost in the 1870's, until it was found in a pond in Seething in the 1920's. Including the fonts, a rare Tudor fireplace/wafer oven, one of only half a dozen left in Norfolk, and a 14th-century Consecration cross in a southern tower recess was discovered in the 1930s, in a tower recess, opposite which is a recess for banners. The church also contains a rare example of the Royal Arms for
George II George II or 2 may refer to: People * George II of Antioch (seventh century AD) * George II of Armenia (late ninth century) * George II of Abkhazia (916–960) * Patriarch George II of Alexandria (1021–1051) * George II of Georgia (1072–1089) * ...
, dated 1743, and in 1968, the ancient building was finally installed with electric lighting and heating.


=Memorials and Notable People

= As is typical for such an ancient church, St Peter's Church contains many memorials to those who have contributed significantly to the church, the village, and even the country as a whole.


Henry Osborn

The oldest memorial in the building, this small metal floor plaque dates from 1538, and is situated at the head of the Chancel. It is written in a mediaeval cursive style, and is very difficult to read. The entire plaque is transcribed below. "Of your charitie pray for the soule of Henry Osborn whois bodie lieth buried under this ston / died in the XXIX yeir of our sovreign lord kyng Henry the VIII on whose soule Jesu have mercy amen." King Henry VIII was crowned in 1509, and this was recorded as the 29th year of his reign, making the year 1538. This is one of the very last examples of the use of prayer clauses in a memorial inscription in Norfolk, because shortly after
prayers for the dead Religions with the belief in a future judgment, a resurrection of the dead or a purgatory often offer prayers on behalf of the dead to God. Buddhism For most funerals that follow the tradition of Chinese Buddhism, common practices include chantin ...
became illegal.


William Harborne

William Harborne William Harborne of Great Yarmouth, Norfolk (c.1542–1617) was a diplomat, businessman, and English Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, appointed by Queen Elizabeth I of England. Establishment of the English Embassy in Constantinople Following a ...
was the first ever English ambassador to
Constantinople la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه , alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis (" ...
from November 1582 until August 1588, leaving it as one of the most powerful positions in the English foreign service, when he retired to Mundham, living in Mundham Hall. The plaque reads: "Behold a dead mans howse who full of dayes, retirde here from the world desert and praise should sitt uppon in vertuous strife, this to instruct and that to wright his life. Heires spare your cost, he needs no tombe in death, who Embassagde for Queene Elizabeth, his next will be when at the generall dome God sends his soule to fetch his bodye home" He had a gravestone at St Ethelbert's, but it has been lost along with the rest of the churchyard, the inscription of his grave read: "Reader, the dust inclos'd beneath this pile, A life unspotted liv'd; devoid of e'ery guile, Plain in his manners, sincere to his friend, A pattern of virtue with honesty combin'd, Shewn thro' e'ery action while here on earth, 'Till unerring fate had stopt his breath." Harborne had a significant role in preventing the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
from supporting Catholic Spain in the war against Protestant England that was taking place at the time. Harborne was able to persuade the
Porte Porte may refer to: *Sublime Porte, the central government of the Ottoman empire *Porte, Piedmont, a municipality in the Piedmont region of Italy *John Cyril Porte, British/Irish aviator *Richie Porte, Australian professional cyclist who competes ...
that Spain was a threat to peace for all of Europe, and although he was unable to obtain a military alliance with the Ottoman empire, the Spanish-Ottoman protocol was not renewed in 1587, and the Elizabethan Treaty was renewed and would continue for another 343 years between
England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...
and the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
, until 1930. William's daughter, Elizabeth, married Gregory Randall and had a daughter, also called Elizabeth, whom was born in 1629 and died in January 1652 at the age of 23. Her memorial in latin reads: "Elizabethae filia unica Gregorij Randall Generosi & Elizabethae uxoris ejus unius filiarum gulielmi Harborne armigeri hic sepultae fuit hense Jan anno 1652, aetatis suae 23" Which translated into English is: "Elizabeth, the only daughter of Gregory Randall, noble, and Elizabeth, his wife, one of the daughters of William Harborne, esquire, was buried here Jan. 1652, at the age of 23" Gregory's son, William, and his wife, Elizabeth (née Cooke) lost four daughters at birth, and laid a stone in their memory in August 1671. Their memorial in latin reads: "Quatuor infantes filiolae gulielmi randall generosi & Elizabethae uxoris ejus unius filiarum gulielmi cookrade broome barronetti sunt hic sepultae, in quarum memoriam hunc lapidem posvit earum pater hense augusti 1671" Which translated into English is: "Four infant daughters of William Randall, noble, and Elizabeth his wife, one of the daughters of William Cooke, baronet of Broome, are buried here, in memory of which their father laid this stone in August 1671" Elizabeth Randall's father was William Cooke, first Baronet of Broome hall, and her brother, Sir William Cooke, became the second and final Baronet of Broome hall.


The Grimer Family

The Grimer's lived in Mundham for nearly 250 years, from 1523 to 1772, beginning when Robert Greymer was born, and ending when Robert Grimer was born. They were some of the major landowners of their time, and have three floor plaques and a wall plaque in St Peter's Church which is over the St Christopher's painting, one of which has their 'self assigned' coat of arms of three golden eagles on a green shield.


The War Memorial

On the south wall of the aisle in St Peter's Church is the
WWI World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
war memorial, which is carved from Italian marble, it was unveiled in memory of those who lost their lives in the war. The list of the dead goes as follows: * Alfred William Adams -
Private Private or privates may refer to: Music * " In Private", by Dusty Springfield from the 1990 album ''Reputation'' * Private (band), a Denmark-based band * "Private" (Ryōko Hirosue song), from the 1999 album ''Private'', written and also recorde ...
, 7th Norfolks * Harry Chilvers - Private, 2nd Norfolks * Albert William Copeman - Private, 9th Norfolks * Robert Copeman -
Lance Corporal Lance corporal is a military rank, used by many armed forces worldwide, and also by some police forces and other uniformed organisations. It is below the rank of corporal, and is typically the lowest non-commissioned officer (NCO), usually equi ...
, 8th Norfolks * Edward James Doubleday - Private, 3rd Norfolks * James Ewles - Private, 1st Suffolks * Herbert George Fenn -
Sergeant Sergeant (abbreviated to Sgt. and capitalized when used as a named person's title) is a rank in many uniformed organizations, principally military and policing forces. The alternative spelling, ''serjeant'', is used in The Rifles and other uni ...
,
Machine Gun Corps The Machine Gun Corps (MGC) was a corps of the British Army, formed in October 1915 in response to the need for more effective use of machine guns on the Western Front in the First World War. The Heavy Branch of the MGC was the first to use tank ...
* Herbert Nichols - Private, 1st Essex * Harold Thurtle - Private, 1st Essex "Their Name Liveth for Evermore"


George Eardley Todd

George Todd was born in 1881, to George Nicholas Todd and Bertha Eardley-Wilmot, and married his wife Mary in 1914, he was the churchwarden of St Peter's Church from 1923 until his death in 1939, he is buried in St Peter's graveyard. He held the rank of
lieutenant colonel Lieutenant colonel ( , ) is a rank of commissioned officers in the armies, most marine forces and some air forces of the world, above a major and below a colonel. Several police forces in the United States use the rank of lieutenant colone ...
in the
British Army The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurk ...
, making him both the only known officer and the highest-ranked military personnel to ever reside in Mundham. He received the White Eagle: 4th Class in 1919, and the
Croix de Guerre The ''Croix de Guerre'' (, ''Cross of War'') is a military decoration of France. It was first created in 1915 and consists of a square-cross medal on two crossed swords, hanging from a ribbon with various degree pins. The decoration was first awa ...
, Chevalier of the
Legion of Honor The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon ...
, and Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, , after his death. He served as a
wing commander Wing commander (Wg Cdr in the RAF, the IAF, and the PAF, WGCDR in the RNZAF and RAAF, formerly sometimes W/C in all services) is a senior commissioned rank in the British Royal Air Force and air forces of many countries which have historical ...
in the
Royal Flying Corps "Through Adversity to the Stars" , colors = , colours_label = , march = , mascot = , anniversaries = , decorations ...
from 1916 to 1917, and later served in the
The Welsh Regiment The Welch Regiment (or "The Welch", an archaic spelling of "Welsh") was an infantry regiment of the line of the British Army in existence from 1881 until 1969. The regiment was created in 1881 under the Childers Reforms by the amalgamation of ...
in 1920.


St Ethelbert's Church

St Ethelbert's Church was originally a Catholic church, but became an Anglican church during the English reformation,when Mundham split into two different villages in the 12/13th century, it was built for use by the newly created Mundham Parva, and although Mundham reunified in 1454, St Ethelbert's church was not made redundant until 1749, almost 300 years later. It was not well recorded until well into the 13th century, and its rectors date from 1305 until it closed. Located near the centre of Mundham, the ruins of St Ethelbert's church are hidden by a small wooded
copse Coppicing is a traditional method of woodland management which exploits the capacity of many species of trees to put out new shoots from their stump or roots if cut down. In a coppiced wood, which is called a copse, young tree stems are repeated ...
, the edge of the graveyard is marked by the ground sloping away, then there are three pillars of flint and stone topped by elder, two of which form the east wall, either side of a window, while the third forms part of the north wall, these are the remains of the chancel. There are surviving blocks of stone in the former east window outline, and a
putlog hole Putlog holes or putlock holes are small holes made in the walls of structures to receive the ends of poles (small round logs) or beams, called putlogs or putlocks, to support a scaffolding. Putlog holes may extend through a wall to provide staging ...
to the right of it.


Mundham House

Mundham House is a grade II listed, late 18th-century, brick house with neoclassical features. It was built in , and it is shown on the Faden's map from 1797. The house was extended and altered in the 19th and 20th centuries, and has sash windows, with gauged and rubbed brick arches; a central
pedimented Pediments are gables, usually of a triangular shape. Pediments are placed above the horizontal structure of the lintel, or entablature, if supported by columns. Pediments can contain an overdoor and are usually topped by hood moulds. A pediment ...
door; a peacock tail fanlight and an elaborately tiled exterior lavatory dating to . The stables also date to the late 18th or early 19th century and have
lunette A lunette (French ''lunette'', "little moon") is a half-moon shaped architectural space, variously filled with sculpture, painted, glazed, filled with recessed masonry, or void. A lunette may also be segmental, and the arch may be an arc take ...
windows. It also appeared in White's 1854 - 1890, under the ownership of Jonathan Farrow, esq, and later Arthur Ernest Powell, esq.


Mundham Hall

To the southeast of St Peter's Church is the site of Mundham Hall, it was built during the
Heptarchy The Heptarchy were the seven petty kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England that flourished from the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the 5th century until they were consolidated in the 8th century into the four kingdoms of Mercia, Northumbria, Wess ...
of the
Kingdom of East Anglia la, Regnum Orientalium Anglorum , conventional_long_name = Kingdom of the East Angles , common_name = East Anglia , era = , status = Great Kingdom , status_text = Independent (6th centu ...
, as the Hall built St Peter's Church as their personal chapel, because the idea of a parish church came from the Normans, whom St Peter's Church predates. The hall is first recorded in the Domesday book entry for Mundham as owning a horse. The building was demolished over 200 years ago, however the most the stables were converted into a private residence, in whose garden the hall's foundations have been found.


Mundham Mill

Mundham Mill was located at the top of Mundham Common, to which it lends the current house its name. As with many sites in Mundham, the mill is first shown on the 1797 Faden's map of Mundham. In 1819, the mill was under the ownership of one Mr. William Brown of Sizeland, when, on 30 July, two children, Amelia and Robert Pitcher, aged 3 and 4 respectively, were killed when hit with the mill sails, were buried two days later in St Peter's Churchyard. The newspaper story is: "At Mundham mill, belonging to Mr. W. Brown of Sizeland, two children one aged three, other five playing in yard when sails knocked down girl. Boy ran to her assistance also struck by sails and killed. Girl died soon afterwards. Essex Herald - 10 August 1819" The mill is on both the Bryants map in 1826, and the Greenwoods map in 1834. From 1845 to 1852, the Mill was owned by William Beverly, (b. 1800) and in the 1851 census, he lived in the mill house with his family, his wife Mary Ann (b. 1809) and his 5 children; Mary Ann (b. 1835), William (b. 1838), Michael (b. 1840), Emma (b. 1843) and Margrett (b. 1848). In 1852, William Beverly was declared insolvent, and the mill was sold to G.S Kett, who auctioned off the mill to Uriah Tibbenham in June of that year, who ran it from 1864 to 1872. It is next mentioned in 1875, under the tenancy of Johnson Goff. In 1883, the previously wind powered mill was changed to a wind and steam method. Johnson continued under tenancy until 20 July 1901, when he bought the mill at auction, which he continued to run and own until 1908. In 1908, mill was bought by Ezra Upton, who ran it until its demolition in , as by 1937 only the broken wall of the roundhouse remained.


The Three Chapels

In the mid 19th Century, two chapels were founded on the same site, one
Primitive Methodist The Primitive Methodist Church is a Methodist Christian denomination with the holiness movement. It began in England in the early 19th century, with the influence of American evangelist Lorenzo Dow (1777–1834). In the United States, the Primiti ...
in 1833, and one
Baptist Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only (believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul compete ...
in 1849, whether or not these chapels overlap in their occupancy is unknown. In 1893, the third chapel was founded as a Wesleyan Methodist church, which later became
Methodist Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's b ...
in 1932 due to the Methodist unification, before closing in 1980, after 87 years, it was constructed by Arthur E. Powell, whom lived in Mundham House at the time, as stated by a stone plaque on the building.


Mundham St Ethelbert's

When Mundham was two separate villages, Mundham St Ethelbert's, also called Mundham Parva (Mundham Lesser), was the larger, sparser, southern part of Mundham and existed until the reunification in 1454. Seething observatory, and now the majority of
Seething Airfield Seething Airfield , formerly RAF Seething, is located south southeast of Norwich, East Anglia, England. Seething Airfield (EGSJ) is a privately owned airfield in Norfolk, England and is home to the Waveney Flying Group. Situated in the villa ...
, are located within Mundham St Ethelbert's. It was originally known as Mundham Parva, but was called Mundham St Ethelbert's in more recent writings.


Seething Airfield

The Airfield in Mundham was constructed in 1942 for use as an American airbase in the
Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, it was originally called
RAF Seething Royal Air Force Seething or more simply RAF Seething is a former Royal Air Force station located south east of Norwich, Norfolk, England, paradoxically just inside of the village of Mundham. History Seething airfield was built in 1942 ...
, and was the base of operations for the 448th Bomb Group, a part of the 2nd Air Division of the 8th American Air Force. They flew Liberator bombers in several missions from 1943 to 1945. RAF Seething was located mostly in Seething, however after the Second World War the areas of the airfield which were in Seething were returned to farmland. None of Seething Airfield is located inside Seething anymore. In 1963, the Waveney Flying Group purchased the land, which they renovated and continue to use as of 2023.


Seething Observatory

Seething Observatory is located in the far south of Mundham, on the north side of Toad Lane, and is run by the Norwich Astronomical Society. Because of the location of the observatory, the light pollution of Mundham is regulated, meaning that the village cannot have any street lights in the village, and the light pollution is situated at the Rural level, which is the second lowest level.


Listed Buildings

In Mundham, there are thirteen
listed buildings In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
, twelve of which are Grade II listed, and only one which is Grade I listed, which is St Peter's Church.


Demography

The demography of Mundham is recorded from 1801 to 2021 and is shown in the table below.


Public services

Policing in Mundham is provided by
Norfolk Constabulary Norfolk Constabulary is the territorial police force responsible for policing Norfolk in East Anglia, England. The force serves a population of 908,000 in a mostly rural area of , including 90 miles of coastline and 16 rivers, including the B ...
, Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by the Norfolk Fire and Rescue Service, of which the nearest station is in
Loddon Loddon may refer to: *Loddon, Norfolk in England, UK *Shire of Loddon in Victoria, Australia (since 1995) **Bridgewater On Loddon, Victoria in Australia *River Loddon, flows into the River Thames near Reading *Loddon River, flows north from south of ...
. The nearest NHS hospital is
Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital The Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital (NNUH) is a large National Health Service academic teaching hospital in the Norwich Research Park on the western outskirts of Norwich, England. The university hospital replaced the former, Norfolk and ...
in Norwich, administered by
Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust is an NHS Foundation Trust which runs Cromer Hospital and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, both in Norfolk, England. The trust was first established on 8 February 1994 as the N ...
. Ambulance services are provided by
East of England Ambulance Service The East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust (EEAST) is an NHS trust responsible for providing National Health Service (NHS) ambulance services in the counties of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk, in the ...
.
Waste management Waste management or waste disposal includes the processes and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste, together with monitoring ...
is coordinated by South Norfolk Council. Locally produced
inert waste Inert waste is waste which is neither chemically nor biologically reactive and will not decompose or only very slowly. Examples of this are sand and concrete. This has particular relevance to landfills as inert waste typically requires lower disposa ...
for disposal is processed into fuel for use in
combined heat and power Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) is the use of a heat engine or power station to generate electricity and useful heat at the same time. Cogeneration is a more efficient use of fuel or heat, because otherwise- wasted heat from elect ...
facilities in Europe. Mundham's
distribution network operator A distribution network operator (DNO), also known as a distribution system operator (DSO), is the operator of the electric power distribution system which delivers electricity to most end users. Each country may have many local distribution networ ...
for electricity is
UK Power Networks UK Power Networks is a distribution network operator for electricity covering South East England, the East of England and London. It manages three licensed distribution networks (Eastern Power Networks, South Eastern Power Networks and London Pow ...
.
Drinking water Drinking water is water that is used in drink or food preparation; potable water is water that is safe to be used as drinking water. The amount of drinking water required to maintain good health varies, and depends on physical activity level, a ...
and
waste water Wastewater is water generated after the use of freshwater, raw water, drinking water or saline water in a variety of deliberate applications or processes. Another definition of wastewater is "Used water from any combination of domestic, industrial ...
are managed by
Anglian Water Anglian Water is a water company that operates in the East of England. It was formed in 1989 under the partial Water privatisation in England and Wales, privatisation of the water industry. It provides water supply, sewerage and sewage treatment ...
.


References


External links

{{authority control Villages in Norfolk Civil parishes in Norfolk South Norfolk