A monofluoride is a
chemical compound
A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element ...
with one fluoride per formula unit. For a binary compound, this is the formula XF.
Organofluorine compounds
Common monofluoride are organofluorine compounds such as
methyl fluoride and
fluorobenzene
Fluorobenzene is the chemical compound with the formula C6H5F, often abbreviated PhF. A colorless liquid, it is a precursor to many fluorophenyl compounds.
Preparation
PhF was first reported in 1886 by O. Wallach at the University of Bonn, who ...
.
Inorganic compounds
All the
alkali metals form monofluorides. All have the
sodium chloride (rock salt) structure and are soluble in water and even some alcohols. Because the fluoride anion is highly basic, many alkali metal fluorides form
bifluoride
The bifluoride ion is an inorganic anion with the chemical formula . The anion is colorless. Salts of bifluoride are commonly encountered in the reactions of fluoride salts with hydrofluoric acid. The commercial production of fluorine involves e ...
s with the formula MHF
2.
Sodium
Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na (from Latin ''natrium'') and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table. Its only stable ...
and
potassium
Potassium is the chemical element with the symbol K (from Neo-Latin ''kalium'') and atomic number19. Potassium is a silvery-white metal that is soft enough to be cut with a knife with little force. Potassium metal reacts rapidly with atmosph ...
bifluorides are significant to the chemical industry. Among other monofluorides, only
silver(I) and
thallium(I) fluorides are well-characterized. Both are very soluble, unlike the other halides of those metals.
Selected inorganic monofluorides
Examples of the monofluorides include:
Metal monofluorides
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Aluminium monofluoride
Aluminium monofluoride, also known as fluoridoaluminium, is the chemical compound with the formula AlF. This elusive species is formed by the reaction between aluminium trifluoride and metallic aluminium at elevated temperatures but quickly rever ...
, an elusive species with the formula AlF
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Caesium fluoride
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Copper monofluoride
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Lithium fluoride
Lithium fluoride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiF. It is a colorless solid, that transitions to white with decreasing crystal size. Although odorless, lithium fluoride has a bitter-saline taste. Its structure is analogous to ...
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Mercury monofluoride
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Potassium fluoride
Potassium fluoride is the chemical compound with the formula KF. After hydrogen fluoride, KF is the primary source of the fluoride ion for applications in manufacturing and in chemistry. It is an alkali halide and occurs naturally as the rare ...
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Rubidium fluoride
Rubidium fluoride (RbF) is the fluoride salt of rubidium. It is a cubic crystal with rock-salt structure.
There are several methods for synthesising rubidium fluoride. One involves reacting rubidium hydroxide with hydrofluoric acid:
:RbOH + HF ...
*
Silver fluoride Silver fluoride can refer to:
* Silver subfluoride (disilver monofluoride), Ag2F
* Silver(I) fluoride (silver monofluoride, argentous fluoride), AgF
* Silver(II) fluoride (silver difluoride, argentic fluoride), AgF2
* Silver(III) fluoride (silve ...
*
Sodium fluoride
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is an inorganic compound with the formula . It is used in trace amounts in the fluoridation of drinking water, in toothpaste, in metallurgy, and as a flux. It is a colorless or white solid that is readily soluble in water. I ...
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Thallium monofluoride
Nonmetal monofluorides
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Boron monofluoride or fluoroborylene has the formula BF
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Bromine monofluoride
Bromine monofluoride is a quite unstable interhalogen compound with the chemical formula BrF. It can be produced through the reaction of bromine trifluoride (or bromine pentafluoride) and bromine. Due to its lability, the compound can be detect ...
, a liquid
interhalogen compound with formula BrF
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Carbon monofluoride
Carbon monofluoride (CF, CFx, or (CF)n), also called polycarbon monofluoride (PMF), polycarbon fluoride, poly(carbon monofluoride), and graphite fluoride, is a material formed by high-temperature reaction of fluorine gas with graphite, charcoal, ...
(CF, CF
x, or (CF)
x), also called polycarbon monofluoride
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Chlorine monofluoride
Chlorine monofluoride is a volatile interhalogen compound with the chemical formula ClF. It is a colourless gas at room temperature and is stable even at high temperatures. When cooled to −100 °C, ClF condenses as a pale yellow liquid. M ...
, a volatile
interhalogen compound with formula ClF
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Iodine monofluoride, a chocolate-brown solid compound with formula IF
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Hydrogen fluoride, a liquid or gas with boiling point at about 20 °C, HF
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Nitrogen monofluoride, a metastable compound with formula NF
References
Bibliography
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External links
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{{Chemistry index
Fluorides