Minuscule 348 (in the
Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 227 (
Soden),
is a
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
minuscule
Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (or more formally ''minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing ...
manuscript
A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand – or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten – as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in ...
of the
New Testament
The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Chri ...
, on parchment. Dated by a
colophon to the year 1022 (29 December).
It has full
marginalia.
Description
The codex contains a complete text of the four
Gospel
Gospel originally meant the Christian message (" the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words a ...
s on 187 parchment leaves (). The text is written in two columns per page, in 30-31 lines per page. The large initial letters are rubricated, the initial for
epsilon has motif of the hand.
The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the
Ammonian Sections (in Mark 236 Sections, the last in 16:11), with references to the
Eusebian Canons
Eusebian canons, Eusebian sections or Eusebian apparatus, also known as Ammonian sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into chapters and verses used in modern texts d ...
(written below Ammonian Section numbers).
[
It contains the Eusebian Canon tables, Argumentum, the ]Epistula ad Carpianum
The ''Epistula ad Carpianum'' ("Letter to Carpian") or Letter of Eusebius is the title traditionally given to a letter from Eusebius of Caesarea to a Christian named Carpianus. In this letter, Eusebius explains his ingenious system of gospel harmo ...
, Prolegomena, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), liturgical books with hagiographies ( Synaxarion and Menologion
Menologium (), also written menology, and menologe, is a service-book used in the Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite.
From its derivation from Greek , ''menológion'', from μήν ''m ...
).obelus
An obelus (plural: obeluses or obeli) is a term in typography that refers to a historical mark which has resolved to three modern meanings:
* Division sign
* Dagger
* Commercial minus sign (limited geographical area of use)
The word "obel ...
.[ Citations from the Old Testament are marked by an asterisk.]
Text
The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type
In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type (also called Majority Text, Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text) is one of the main text types. It is the form fo ...
, but with some alien readings. Hermann von Soden classified it as Iβα.[ Kurt Aland did not place it in any ]Category
Category, plural categories, may refer to:
Philosophy and general uses
*Categorization, categories in cognitive science, information science and generally
* Category of being
* ''Categories'' (Aristotle)
* Category (Kant)
* Categories (Peirce) ...
. According to the Claremont Profile Method
The Claremont Profile Method is a method for classifying ancient manuscripts of the Bible. It was elaborated by Ernest Cadman Colwell and his students. Professor Frederik Wisse attempted to establish an accurate and rapid procedure for the classi ...
it belongs to the textual group 1216
Year 1216( MCCXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
England
* Spring – First Barons' War: The English army, led by King John (Lackland), sacks the t ...
in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20 as a core member.477
__NOTOC__
Year 477 (Roman numerals, CDLXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year after the Consulship of Basiliscus and Armatus (or, less f ...
and 1279
Year 1279 A.D ( MCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* July 17 – Battle of Devina: Emperor Michael VIII (Palaiologos) se ...
.
History
According to the colophon it was written in the year 1023 December 29. The colophon states: εγραφη συν θεω η βιβλος ταυτη των αγιων και αραπτων ευαγγελιων: ετους βφλα, ινδ εις τας ΚΘ δεκεμβριου μηνος η χειρ μεν η γραψασα σηπεται ταφω, γραφη δε μενει προς χρονους πληρεστατους.
The manuscript was written in Calabria. It once belonged to "J. V. Pinelli".
The manuscript was examined by Scholz, who collated it in some places. It was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scholz (1794–1852).
Edward Maunde Thompson
Sir Edward Maunde Thompson (4 May 1840 – 14 September 1929) was a British palaeographer and Principal Librarian and first Director of the British Museum.
He is noted for his handbook of Greek and Latin palaeography and for his study of Will ...
edited facsimile of one page the codex.[ (plate 62)]
Burgon saw it. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1886.
The manuscript is currently housed at the Biblioteca Ambrosiana
The Biblioteca Ambrosiana is a historic library in Milan, Italy, also housing the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, the Ambrosian art gallery. Named after Ambrose, the patron saint of Milan, it was founded in 1609 by Cardinal Federico Borromeo, whose agen ...
(B. 56 sup.) in Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...
.
See also
* List of New Testament minuscules
The list of New Testament Minuscules ordered by Gregory-Aland index number is divided into three sections:
* List of New Testament minuscules (1–1000)
* List of New Testament minuscules (1001–2000)
* List of New Testament minuscules (2001– ...
* Biblical manuscript
* Textual criticism
Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts or of printed books. Such texts may range in da ...
References
Further reading
* J. M. A. Scholz, ''Biblisch-kritische Reise'' (Leipzig, 1823), pp. 70–73
* Edward Maunde Thompson
Sir Edward Maunde Thompson (4 May 1840 – 14 September 1929) was a British palaeographer and Principal Librarian and first Director of the British Museum.
He is noted for his handbook of Greek and Latin palaeography and for his study of Will ...
, ''An Introduction to Greek and Latin Paleography'' (Oxford 1912), p. 238 (plate 62)
*
External links
Minuscule 348
at the ''Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism''
Image
{{DEFAULTSORT:Minuscule 0348
Greek New Testament minuscules
11th-century biblical manuscripts
Manuscripts of the Ambrosiana collections