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Epistula Ad Carpianum
The ''Epistula ad Carpianum'' ("Letter to Carpian") or Letter of Eusebius is the title traditionally given to a letter from Eusebius of Caesarea to a Christian named Carpianus. In this letter, Eusebius explains his ingenious system of gospel harmony, the Eusebian Canons (tables) that divide the four canonical gospels, and describes their purpose, ten in number. Eusebius explains that Ammonius the Alexandrian had made a system in which he placed sections of the gospels of Mark, Luke and John next to their parallel sections in Matthew. As this disrupted the normal text order of the gospels of Mark, Luke and John, Eusebius used a system in which he placed the references to the parallel texts in ten tables or 'canons'. By using these tables, the parallel texts could easily be looked up, but it also remained possible to read a gospel in its normal order. (The number of sections was: Matthew 355, Mark 236, Luke 342, John 232 – together 1165 sections). The number of each "Ammonian secti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eusebius Of Caesarea
Eusebius of Caesarea (; grc-gre, Εὐσέβιος ; 260/265 – 30 May 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilus (from the grc-gre, Εὐσέβιος τοῦ Παμφίλου), was a Greek historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist. In about AD 314 he became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima in the Roman province of Syria Palaestina. Together with Pamphilus, he was a scholar of the biblical canon and is regarded as one of the most learned Christians during late antiquity. He wrote ''Demonstrations of the Gospel'', '' Preparations for the Gospel'' and ''On Discrepancies between the Gospels'', studies of the biblical text. As "Father of Church History" (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the ''Ecclesiastical History'', ''On the Life of Pamphilus'', the ''Chronicle'' and ''On the Martyrs''. He also produced a biographical work on Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor, who was ''augustus'' between AD 306 an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 108
Minuscule 108 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), A144 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 53. It has complex contents with some marginalia. Description The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels with a commentary on 426 parchment leaves (). The text is written stichometrically in one column per page. The initial letters in gold. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, with the (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 233 sections, the last in 16:8), with references to the Eusebian Canons. It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, Eusebian Canon tables, prolegomena, li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canonical Gospels
Gospel originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words and deeds of Jesus, culminating in his trial and death and concluding with various reports of his post-resurrection appearances. Modern scholars are cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically, but nevertheless, they provide a good idea of the public career of Jesus, and critical study can attempt to distinguish the original ideas of Jesus from those of the later authors. The four canonical gospels were probably written between AD 66 and 110. All four were anonymous (with the modern names added in the 2nd century), almost certainly none were by eyewitnesses, and all are the end-products of long oral and written transmission. Mark was the first to be written, using a variety of sources. The authors of Matthew and Luke both independently ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4th-century Christian Texts
The 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini/Common era) was the time period which lasted from 301 (Roman numerals, CCCI) through 400 (Roman numerals, CD). In the West, the early part of the century was shaped by Constantine the Great, who became the Constantine the Great and Christianity, first Roman emperor to adopt Christianity. Gaining sole reign of the empire, he is also noted for re-establishing a single imperial capital, choosing the site of ancient Byzantium in 330 (over the current capitals, which had effectively been changed by Diocletian's reforms to Milan in the West, and Nicomedia, Nicomedeia in the East) to build the city soon called Nova Roma (New Rome); it was later renamed Constantinople in his honor. The last emperor to control both the eastern and western halves of the empire was Theodosius I. As the century progressed after his death, it became increasingly apparent that the empire had changed in many ways since the time of Augustus. The two empero ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novum Testamentum Graece
(''The New Testament in Greek'') is a critical edition of the New Testament in its original Koine Greek, forming the basis of most modern Bible translations and biblical criticism. It is also known as the Nestle–Aland edition after its most influential editors, Eberhard Nestle and Kurt Aland. The text, edited by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research, is currently in its 28th edition, abbreviated NA28. The title is sometimes applied to the United Bible Societies (UBS) edition, which contains the same text (its fifth edition, "UBS5", contains the text from NA28). The latter edition is aimed at translators and so focuses on variants that are important for the meaning whereas the NA includes more variants. The release of a 29th edition is expected in 2024. Methodology The Greek text as presented is what biblical scholars refer to as the "critical text". The critical text is an eclectic text compiled by a committee that compares readings from a large number of m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 117
Minuscule 117 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 506 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 53. It has full marginalia. Description The codex contains the text of the four Gospels on 202 paper leaves (size ), with lacunae in Matthew 1:1-18; 15:18-39. The text is written in one column per page. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and the (''titles'') at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 241 - 16:20), (no references to the Eusebian Canons). It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, the Eusebian Tables, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), incipits, synaxaria, Menologion, subscripti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 114
Minuscule 114 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1018 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 53 It has marginalia. Description The codex contains the text of the four Gospels on 280 parchment leaves (size ). It has some lacunae in Matthew 17:4-18; 26:59-73, Matthew 28:19-Mark 1:12 added by a later hand. The headpieces are decorated with gold and silver. It has itacistic errors. The text is written in one column per page, in 20 lines per page. It is written by very elegant hand, with more recent marginal notes. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (''titles'') at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 113
Minuscule 113 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 134 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 11th-century. The manuscript has complex contents, but some leaves of the codex were supplied on paper by a modern hand. It has full marginalia. The text represents the Byzantine tradition. Description The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels on 270 parchment leaves (size ). The text is written in one column per page, in 26 lines per page, with a wide margins (size of the text is ). The leaves are arranged ''in quarto'' (four leaves in quires). It has decorated headpieces (flowers). The large initial letters are decorated (zoomorphic motifs), the small initials are written in gold.Harley 1810 at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 112
Minuscule 112 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 146 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 53. The manuscript has complex contents ad full marginalia. Description The codex contains the text of the four Gospels on 167 parchment leaves (). The text is written in one column per page, 33 lines per page. The large initial letters in gold. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections, with references to the Eusebian Canons (in Matthew 1-Mark 2 in the same line).In the same way arranged codices 192, 198, 212, 267, 507, 583, 584. It contains the '' Epis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 109
Minuscule 109 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 431 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1326.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 53. The manuscript has complex contents. Description The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels with a commentary on 225 parchment leaves (). The text is written in one column per page, 24-31 lines per page. The initial letters in red. The text is divided according to (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, the (''titles'') at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections. I has no references to the Eusebian Canons. It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, prolegomena, lists of the (''lists of contents'') before each Gospel, Eusebian Tables, synaxaria, Menologion, lec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 65
Minuscule 65 (in the Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland, Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 135 (Biblical manuscript#Von Soden, von Soden), formerly known as ''Ussher 2'', is a Greek language, Greek Lower case, minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeography, Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 50. The manuscript has complex contents including marginalia. Description The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels on 309 leaves (size ). The last verse in the Gospel of John was supplied by a later hand. The text is written in one column per page, 22 lines per page. There are four decorated head-pieces and ornamental initial letters in colour and gold, one at the beginning of each Gospel. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gospel Harmony
A gospel harmony is an attempt to compile the canonical gospels of the Christian New Testament into a single account. This may take the form either of a single, merged narrative, or a tabular format with one column for each gospel, technically known as a synopsis, although the word ''harmony'' is often used for both. Harmonies are constructed for a variety of purposes: to provide a straightforward devotional text for parishioners, to create a readable and accessible piece of literature for the general public, to establish a scholarly chronology of events in the life of Jesus as depicted in the canonical gospels, or to better understand how the accounts relate to each other. Among academics, the construction of harmonies has been favoured by conservative scholars, though one scholar, B. S. Childs, opposes this. Students of higher criticism see the divergences between the gospel accounts as reflecting the construction of traditions by the early Christian communities. Among modern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
