Mexico–Netherlands relations
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Mexico–Netherlands relations are the diplomatic relations between Mexico and the Netherlands. Both nations are members of the
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; french: Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, ''OCDE'') is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental organisation with 38 member countries ...
and the United Nations.


History

The Netherlands was the second European country to recognize Mexico soon after gaining independence from Spain in 1821. That same year, the Netherlands began transporting goods between Mexico and Europe as the Netherlands was seen as a "neutral" nation during disputes between France and Spain.190 años de relaciones diplomáticas y comerciales entre México y Países Bajos (in Spanish)
/ref> In 1825, Mexico named a consul-general in Amsterdam. In 1826, the Netherlands appointed a consul-general in Mexico City. Diplomatic relations were officially established between both nations on 15 June 1827 with the signing of the ''Treaty of Friendship, Navigation and Commerce''.Relations between Mexico and the Netherlands (in Spanish)
/ref> In 1828, Mexico opened a resident diplomatic mission in The Hague and soon after, a representative office as well. Between 1864 - 1878, diplomatic relations were suspended by Mexican President Benito Juárez after the Dutch government recognized the government of Emperor
Maximilian I Maximilian I may refer to: *Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, reigned 1486/93–1519 *Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, reigned 1597–1651 *Maximilian I, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1636-1689) *Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, reigned 1795†...
in Mexico by French occupational forces of Emperor Napoleon III. This period was known as the
Second Mexican Empire The Second Mexican Empire (), officially the Mexican Empire (), was a constitutional monarchy established in Mexico by Mexican monarchists in conjunction with the Second French Empire. The period is sometimes referred to as the Second French i ...
.Bilateral relations between Mexico and the Netherlands (in Spanish)
/ref> In 1940, the Mexican legation in The Hague was closed as a result of the Second World War and was re-opened in 1946. In May 1954, both nations elevated their diplomatic representations to embassies, respectively. In 1963, President Adolfo López Mateos became the first Mexican head-of-state to visit the Netherlands. In 1964, Dutch Queen Juliana paid an official visit to Mexico, becoming the first Dutch monarch to visit the country. In November 2009, Queen Beatrix also paid an official visit to Mexico.Dutch Queen Beatrix praises Mexico
/ref> In 2018, both nations celebrated 190 years of friendship. That same year, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto paid an official visit to the Netherlands to celebrate the anniversary. In 2017, the Netherlands Business Support Office (NBSO) opened a trade office in
Querétaro City Santiago de Querétaro (; Otomi: Dähnini Maxei), known simply as Querétaro City ( es, Ciudad de Querétaro), is the capital and largest city of the state of Querétaro, located in central Mexico. It is part of the macroregion of Bajío. It is n ...
to promote trade relations between central Mexico and the Netherlands.
ProMéxico ProMéxico was a trust fund of the Federal government of Mexico —a subdivision of the Secretariat of Economy— that promoted international trade and investment. ProMéxico used to be in charge of the country's active participation in the int ...
also opened an office in The Hague to promote and increase trade between both nations.


High-level visits

High-level visits from Mexico to the Netherlands * President Adolfo López Mateos (1963) * President Vicente Fox (2003) * President Enrique Peña Nieto (2018) High-level visits from the Netherlands to Mexico * Queen
Juliana of the Netherlands Juliana (; Juliana Louise Emma Marie Wilhelmina; 30 April 1909 – 20 March 2004) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1948 until her abdication in 1980. Juliana was the only child of Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Sh ...
(1964) * Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende (2004) * Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands (2009) * King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands (2009) * Queen
Máxima of the Netherlands Máxima may refer to * ''Máxima'' (magazine) * Máxima FM, Spanish radio station * Queen Máxima of the Netherlands Máxima (born Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti; 17 May 1971) is Queen of the Netherlands as the wife of King Willem-Alexander. A ...
(2009, 2011, 2016)


Bilateral agreements

Both nations have signed several bilateral agreement such as an Treaty of Friendship, Navigation and Commerce (1827); Extradition Treaty (1907); Trade Agreement (1950); Treaty for Cultural Relations (1964); Air Transportation Agreement (1971); Agreement to Avoid Double Taxation and Prevent Tax Evasion in Taxes on Income (1993); Agreement for the Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments (1998); Agreement between Mexico and the Netherlands in relation to the
Netherlands Antilles nl, In vrijheid verenigd"Unified by freedom" , national_anthem = , common_languages = Dutch English Papiamento , demonym = Netherlands Antillean , capital = Willemstad , year_start = 1954 , year_end = 2010 , date_start = 15 December , ...
on the Exchange of Information on Tax Matters (2009) and an Agreement between Mexico and Netherlands, with respect to
Aruba Aruba ( , , ), officially the Country of Aruba ( nl, Land Aruba; pap, Pais Aruba) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands physically located in the mid-south of the Caribbean Sea, about north of the Venezuela peninsula of ...
, for the Exchange of Information with Respect for Taxes (2013).


Tourism and Transportation

In 2017, 75,000 Dutch citizens visited Mexico for tourism. There are direct flights between both nations with the following airlines: Aeroméxico,
KLM KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, legally ''Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V.'' (literal translation: Royal Aviation Company Plc.), is the flag carrier airline of the Netherlands. KLM is headquartered in Amstelveen, with its hub at nearby Amste ...
and TUI fly Netherlands.


Trade relations

In 1997, Mexico signed a Free Trade Agreement with the European Union (which includes the Netherlands). In 2017, total trade between the two nations amounted to US$5 billion. Mexico's main exports to the Netherlands include: machines and apparatus; crude oil; memory units; control units or adapters; motors for elevators; avocados and fruit juices. The Netherlands main exports to Mexico include: gasoline, ether, foundry manufactures; and dairy products. The Netherlands is the fifth largest foreign investor in Mexico. Between 1999 and 2018, the Netherlands invested US$20 billion in Mexico. Several Dutch companies operate in Mexico such as C&A, Heineken, Philips and Rabobank (among others). Mexican multinational company Cemex operates in the Netherlands.


Resident diplomatic missions

* Mexico has an embassy in The Hague. * Netherlands has an embassy in Mexico City.Embassy of the Netherlands in Mexico City
/ref>


See also

* Foreign relations of Mexico * Foreign relations of the Netherlands *
Dutch Mexicans Dutch Mexicans ( es, Neerlandeses-mexicanos; nl, Nederlandse Mexicanen) are Mexican citizens of Dutch descent. The concept and the numbers Mexican citizens of Dutch descent who identify themselves as such would be considered Dutch Mexicans. I ...


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mexico-Netherlands relations Netherlands Mexico