Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan
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Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan ( mn, Мэндсайханы Энхсайхан; born 4 June 1955) was the
prime minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...
of
Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...
from July 7, 1996 to April 23, 1998, the first in 80 years not belonging to the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party.


Life


Early years

Enkhsaikhan was born 1955 in
Ulaanbaatar Ulaanbaatar (; mn, Улаанбаатар, , "Red Hero"), previously anglicized as Ulan Bator, is the capital and most populous city of Mongolia. It is the coldest capital city in the world, on average. The municipality is located in north ce ...
. He participated
International Mathematical Olympiad The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is a mathematical olympiad for pre-university students, and is the oldest of the International Science Olympiads. The first IMO was held in Romania in 1959. It has since been held annually, except i ...
in 1973 and took bronze medal. He earned PhD in economic sciences from the
Kiev State University Kyiv University or Shevchenko University or officially the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv ( uk, Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка), colloquially known as KNU ...
, former USSR in the 1970s. From 1978 to 1988 he worked as an economist, researcher and deputy head of a department at the Foreign Ministry of Mongolia. From 1988 to 1990 he worked as a specialist at the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade and in the meantime, he was a director of a market research institute. From 1990 to 1992 he held a seat in the
State Small Khural State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * '' State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our ...
(parliament) for the first time, representing the
Mongolian Democratic Party (1990) The Democratic Party ( mn, Ардчилсан Нам, ''Ardchilsan Nam'') is a centre-right political party in Mongolia. History Founding and early years After the 1990 democratic revolution, Mongolia became a country with a multi-party sys ...
and chaired a standing committee in the parliament. From 1992 to 1993 he held a seat in the State Great Khural (parliament) representing the Mongolian Democratic Party. He was appointed as a president of the Academy for Political Education in 1992. After that he served as the chairman of the common elections commission of Mongolian National Democratic Party and
Mongolian Social Democratic Party The Mongolian Social Democratic Party ( mn, Монголын Социал Демократ Нам, , sometimes also referred to as ''Sotsdek nam'') is a political party in Mongolia. It was founded in 1990 by Bat-Erdeniin Batbayar. Other prominen ...
for the presidential elections of June 6, 1993. From 1993 to 1996 he worked as the chairman of the Presidential office for
Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat ( mn, Пунсалмаагийн Очирбат; born 23 January 1942) is a Mongolian political figure and a current member of the Constitutional Court of Mongolia. He served as a president of Mongolia from 1990 to 1997 fir ...
, first official president of Mongolia.


Prime Minister

Enkhsaikhan became
Prime Minister of Mongolia The Prime Minister of Mongolia () is the head of government of Mongolia and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by the Mongolian parliament or the State Great Hural, and can be removed by the parliament with a vote of no ...
on July 7, 1996 after the
Mongolian Democratic Union Mongolian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Mongolia, a country in Asia * Mongolian people, or Mongols * Mongolia (1911–24), the government of Mongolia, 1911–1919 and 1921–1924 * Mongolian language * Mongolian alphabet * Mong ...
Coalition won at the parliamentary elections. Enkhsaikhan was the elections campaign manager of Mongolian Democratic Union while
Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj (, ''Cahiagín Elbegdorj'' ; also referred to as Mongolyin Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj and Tsakhia Elbegdorj; born 30 March 1963) is a Mongolian politician who served as President of Mongolia from 2009 to 2017. He previously ser ...
was the coalition chairman. This made Enkhsaikhan the first prime minister since the 1920s who wasn't a member of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP). He presided over a period of aggressive economic reforms, including housing privatization, acceleration of other privatization programs, liberalization of most remaining controlled prices, closure of insolvent banks and elimination of duties on imports. Mongolian relations with international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, which had been strained due to slow reforms under the previous regime, strengthened. However, his tenure was cut short when the parliamentary majority of
Democratic Party Democratic Party most often refers to: *Democratic Party (United States) Democratic Party and similar terms may also refer to: Active parties Africa *Botswana Democratic Party *Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea *Gabonese Democratic Party *Demo ...
(DP) and
Mongolian Social Democratic Party The Mongolian Social Democratic Party ( mn, Монголын Социал Демократ Нам, , sometimes also referred to as ''Sotsdek nam'') is a political party in Mongolia. It was founded in 1990 by Bat-Erdeniin Batbayar. Other prominen ...
forced him to resign in April 1998, because of tensions between him and other leaders in the Coalition as well as by the rule of the Coalition, the chairman of the winning party should have become the Prime Minister. He was then replaced by Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj (DP).


Further career

From 1998 to 2003, Enkhsaikhan was the director of the company ''Premier International Co.''. In January 2003, the Mongolian National Democratic Party elected him party chairman, but he was removed from this position in 2005. When Enkhsaikhan worked as a chairman of Mongolian Democratic Party he moved to form a coalition with Motherland Party. The coalition with the Motherland Party was a failure in the parliamentary elections in 2004. Three of the Democratic Party members were elected to the parliament as individuals because they were not offered slots in the coalition candidates. He became a member of the parliament in 2004 for the Democratic Party. The coalition and its opponent, the MPRP split votes. The coalition government was established with agreements of all the parties involved. The Motherland Party was given two seats at the Government Cabinet of the grand coalition government for its 7 elected MPs vs. Democratic Party's 25 elected MPs and Civil Will Party's MPs. However, Badarchiin Erdenebat, Enkhsaikhan's elevated ally wanted Prime Ministership and one more seat at the Government Cabinet. When it was not agreed by all participating parties of the Motherland Democracy Coalition, Badarchiin Erdenebat announced the dissolution of the coalition at the parliament without consent of the coalition parties. According to Mongolian law, if someone announces anything at the parliament, it becomes valid without need of vote for this case. Mendsaikhan Enkhsaikhan joined Badarchiin Erdenebat to dissolve Motherland Democracy Coalition to join MPRP to establish new coalition with MPRP for bigger position at the government. In 2005 Enkhsaikhan ran in the
presidential elections A presidential election is the election of any head of state whose official title is President. Elections by country Albania The president of Albania is elected by the Assembly of Albania who are elected by the Albanian public. Chile The pr ...
for the Democratic Party but received less than 20% of the votes and lost against
Nambaryn Enkhbayar Nambaryn Enkhbayar ( mn, Намбарын Энхбаяр; born 1 June 1958) is a Mongolian politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Mongolia from 2000 to 2004, as Speaker of the Parliament from 2004 to 2005, and as President of Mongoli ...
(MPRP). In January 2006 he voted with MPRP members for the dismissal of Elbegdorj's government. He did so in spite of a decision of the Democratic Party's Directing Board not to vote against its own coalition government. The Party's Main Legal Committee therefore canceled Enkhsaikhan's membership in February. In the new government under
Miyeegombyn Enkhbold Miyegombyn Enkhbold ( mn, Миеэгомбын Энхболд, ''Miyégombīn Enhbold''; born 19 July 1964) is a Mongolian politician who was Prime Minister of Mongolia from January 2006 to November 2007 and Deputy Prime Minister from 2007 to 201 ...
he was appointed for the role of a
Deputy Prime Minister A deputy prime minister or vice prime minister is, in some countries, a government minister who can take the position of acting prime minister when the prime minister is temporarily absent. The position is often likened to that of a vice president, ...
. Together with few former DP members such as Sonompil Mishigjav, former Member of Parliament and Minister of Defense from Democratic Party, he later registered National New Party which competed in 2008 Parliamentary elections and 2009 by-elections and did not win any seat at the Parliament of Mongolia. Enkhsaikhan himself was a candidate for a member of Parliament from National New Party and was defeated in the 2008 Parliamentary elections.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Enkhsaikhan, Mendsaikhan 1955 births Living people People from Ulaanbaatar Democratic Party (Mongolia) politicians Prime Ministers of Mongolia Members of the State Great Khural Foreign ministers of Mongolia International Mathematical Olympiad participants Mongolian economists Deputy Prime Ministers of Mongolia