pronoun In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun (abbreviated ) is a word or a group of words that one may substitute for a noun or noun phrase. Pronouns have traditionally been regarded as one of the parts of speech, but some modern theorists would not c ...

( mk, заменка) is a substitute for a noun or a noun phrase, or things previously mentioned or understood from the context. These are words like јас 'I', мене 'me', себе 'himself, herself', ова 'this', кој 'who, which', некој 'somebody', никој 'nobody', сите 'all', секој 'everybody'. Macedonian pronouns decline for case ('падеж'), i.e., their function in a phrase as subject (ex. јас 'I'), direct object (него 'him'), or object of a preposition (од неа 'from her'). Based on their meaning and the function in the sentence, pronouns fall into the following categories:

Formal and informal "you" pronouns

Use of ти (''second-person

singular Singular may refer to: * Singular, the grammatical number that denotes a unit quantity, as opposed to the plural and other forms * Singular homology * SINGULAR, an open source Computer Algebra System (CAS) * Singular or sounder, a group of boar, ...

informal'') is generally limited to friends and family, and is used among children. In formal usage only Вие (''second-person singular formal'') occurs; ти may be used among peers in a workplace, but it is rare in official documents. Вие should always be capitalized when used in this way as a sign of respect. Ти, used when referring to

God In monotheistic thought, God is usually viewed as the supreme being, creator, and principal object of faith. Swinburne, R.G. "God" in Honderich, Ted. (ed)''The Oxford Companion to Philosophy'', Oxford University Press, 1995. God is typically ...

, should also be capitalized.

Personal pronouns

Possessive pronouns

Interrogative pronouns

Interrogative pronouns (прашални заменки) refer to an unknown

person A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of prope ...

object Object may refer to: General meanings * Object (philosophy), a thing, being, or concept ** Object (abstract), an object which does not exist at any particular time or place ** Physical object, an identifiable collection of matter * Goal, an ...

, quality or quantity and agree with the noun they denote in gender and number. Personal interrogative pronouns have two cases, nominative and genitive. There are also

accusative The accusative case (abbreviated ) of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb. In the English language, the only words that occur in the accusative case are pronouns: 'me,' 'him,' 'her,' 'us,' and ‘th ...

and dative forms: кого and кому, respectively. The more analytical construction на кого is an optional alternative for the dative form. They are also used with nonhuman beings (animals and objects). Quality interrogative pronouns are used for asking one to specify the word in question. They are translated in English as what/what kind of/what sort of. There is only one interrogative pronoun for

quantity Quantity or amount is a property that can exist as a multitude or magnitude, which illustrate discontinuity and continuity. Quantities can be compared in terms of "more", "less", or "equal", or by assigning a numerical value multiple of a unit ...

— колку and it is invariant for gender and number. It is used before plural nouns to ask about their quantity (then it is translated as how much/how many), and before an

adjective In linguistics, an adjective (abbreviated ) is a word that generally modifies a noun or noun phrase or describes its referent. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun. Traditionally, adjectives were considered one of the ma ...

adverb An adverb is a word or an expression that generally modifies a verb, adjective, another adverb, determiner, clause, preposition, or sentence. Adverbs typically express manner, place, time, frequency, degree, level of certainty, etc., answering ...

to ask about the extent, degree, age, etc., of something or somebody (translated as how).

Demonstrative pronominal adjectives

Reflexive pronouns

An alternative full form, ''себеси'', is used for emphasis. * ''Ана ѝ ја даде нејзината книга на Марија.'' (''Ana gave her'' 'Maria's''''book to Maria.'') * ''Ана ѝ ја даде својата книга на Марија.'' (''Ana gave her'' 'Ana's''''book to Maria.'')

Summative pronouns

Negative pronouns

Indefinite pronouns

Relative pronouns

References

''Macedonian''
by Victor Friedman, 2001, p. 29. {{DEFAULTSORT:Macedonian Pronouns Macedonian grammar Pronouns by language