|
Macedonian Grammar
The grammar of Macedonian is, in many respects, similar to that of some other Balkan languages (constituent languages of the '' Balkan sprachbund''), especially Bulgarian. Macedonian exhibits a number of grammatical features that distinguish it from most other Slavic languages, such as the elimination of case declension, the development of a suffixed definite article, the lack of an infinitival verb, and the constructions with ima/nema formed with the auxiliary "''to have''", among others. The first printed Macedonian grammar was published by Gjorgjija Pulevski in 1880. on the site of MANU. Orthography The Macedonian orthography (правопис, ''pravopis'') encompasses the and |
Grammar
In linguistics, the grammar of a natural language is its set of structure, structural constraints on speakers' or writers' composition of clause (linguistics), clauses, phrases, and words. The term can also refer to the study of such constraints, a field that includes domains such as phonology, morphology (linguistics), morphology, and syntax, often complemented by phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. There are currently two different approaches to the study of grammar: traditional grammar and Grammar#Theoretical frameworks, theoretical grammar. Fluency, Fluent speakers of a variety (linguistics), language variety or ''lect'' have effectively internalized these constraints, the vast majority of which – at least in the case of one's First language, native language(s) – are language acquisition, acquired not by conscious study or language teaching, instruction but by hearing other speakers. Much of this internalization occurs during early childhood; learning a language later ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyrillic Script
The Cyrillic script ( ), Slavonic script or the Slavic script, is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic languages, Slavic, Turkic languages, Turkic, Mongolic languages, Mongolic, Uralic languages, Uralic, Caucasian languages, Caucasian and Iranian languages, Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia, and East Asia. , around 250 million people in Eurasia use Cyrillic as the official script for their national languages, with Russia accounting for about half of them. With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became the third official script of the European Union, following the Latin script, Latin and Greek alphabet, Greek alphabets. The Early Cyrillic alphabet was developed during the 9th century AD at the Preslav Literary School in the First Bulgarian Empire during the reign of tsar Simeon I of Bulgar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Je (Cyrillic)
Je (Ј ј; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, taken over from the Latin letter J.Maretić, Tomislav. ''Gramatika i stilistika hrvatskoga ili srpskoga književnog jezika''. 1899. It commonly represents the palatal approximant , like the pronunciation of in "yes". History The Cyrillic letter ј was introduced in the 1818 Serbian dictionary of Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, on the basis of the Latin letter j. Karadžić had previously used ї instead for the same sound, a usage he took from Dositej Obradović Dositej Obradović ( sr-Cyrl, Доситеј Обрадовић; 17 February 1739 – 7 April 1811) was a Serbian writer, biographer, diarist, philosopher, pedagogue, educational reformer, linguist, polyglot and the first minister of education ...,Karadžić, Vuk Stefanović. ''Pismenica serbskoga iezika, po govoru prostoga narod’a'', 1814. and the final choice also notably edged out another expected candidate, й, used in every other standard Slavic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
I (Cyrillic)
И и (И и; italics: ) is a letter used in almost all Cyrillic alphabets with the exception of Belarusian. It commonly represents the close front unrounded vowel , like the pronunciation of in "machine", or the near-close near-front unrounded vowel , like the pronunciation of in "bin". History Because the Cyrillic letter І was derived from the Greek letter Eta (Η η), the Cyrillic had the shape of up to the 13th century. The name of the Cyrillic letter І in the Early Cyrillic alphabet was (''iže''), meaning "which". In the Cyrillic numeral system, the Cyrillic letter І had a value of 8, corresponding to the Greek letter Eta. In the Early Cyrillic alphabet, there was little or no distinction between the letter and the letter , the latter of which was derived from the Greek letter Iota (Ι ι). Both remained in the alphabetical repertoire because they represented different numbers in the Cyrillic numeral system: eight and ten. In New Church Slavonic, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ze (Cyrillic)
Ze (З з; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the voiced alveolar fricative , like the pronunciation of in "zebra". ''Ze is romanized using the Latin letter'' . The shape of Ze is very similar to the Arabic numeral three , and should not be confused with the Cyrillic letter E . History and shape Ze is derived from the Greek letter Zeta (Ζ ζ). In the Early Cyrillic alphabet its name was (''zemlja''), meaning "earth". The shape of the letter originally looked similar to a Greek or Latin letter Z with a tail on the bottom (). Though a majuscule form of this variant () is encoded in Unicode, historically it was only used as caseless or lowercase.Ponomar Project. ''The Complete Character Range for Slavonic Script in Unicode.'' In the Cyrillic numeral system, Zemlja had a value of 7. Medieval Cyrillic manuscripts and Church Slavonic printed books have two variant forms of the letter Zemlja: з and . Only the form was used in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhe (Cyrillic)
Zhe (Ж ж; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the voiced retroflex sibilant (listen). It is also often used with D ( Д) to approximate the sound in English of the Latin letter J with a ДЖ combo. Zhe is romanized as or . History It is not known how the character for Zhe was derived. No similar letter exists in Greek, Latin or any other alphabet of the time, though there is some graphic similarity with its Glagolitic counterpart Zhivete (Image: ) which represents the same sound. However, the origin of Zhivete, like that of most Glagolitic letters, is unclear. One possibility is that it was formed from two connecting Hebrew letters Shin , the bottom one inverted. Zhe may also be derived from the Coptic letter ⟨Ϫϫ⟩, supported by the phonetic value ( represents the sound / d͡ʒ/ in Coptic) and shape of the letter, which the Glagolitic counterpart Zhivete resembles even more closely. It may be a ligature, formed from combin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ye (Cyrillic)
Ye, Je, or Ie (Е е; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. In some languages this letter is called E. It looks like another version of E (Cyrillic). It commonly represents the vowel or , like the pronunciation of in "yes". Ye is romanized using the Latin letter E for Bulgarian, Serbian, Macedonian, Ukrainian and Rusyn, and occasionally Russian (Озеро Байкал, Ozero Baykal), Je for Belarusian (Заслаўе, Zaslaŭje), Ye for Russian (Европа, Yevropa), and Ie occasionally for Russian (Днепр, Dniepr) and Belarusian (Маладзе́чна, Maladziečna). It was derived from the Greek letter epsilon (Ε ε). Usage Russian and Belarusian *At the beginning of a word or after a vowel, Ye represents the phonemic combination (phonetically or ), like the pronunciation of in "yes". Ukrainian uses the letter (see Ukrainian Ye) in this way. *Following a consonant, Ye indicates that the consonant is palatalized, and represents the vowel (ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
