Lomas de Chapultepec
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Lomas de Chapultepec ( en, "Chapultepec Hills") is a '' colonia'', or officially recognized neighborhood, located in the
Miguel Hidalgo borough Miguel Hidalgo is a borough (''demarcación territorial'') in the Mexico City. It was created in 1970 when central Mexico City was divided into four boroughs. Miguel Hidalgo joined the historic areas of Tacuba, Chapultepec and Tacubaya along with a ...
of
Mexico City Mexico City ( es, link=no, Ciudad de México, ; abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: ''Altepetl Mexico'') is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America. One of the world's alpha cities, it is located in the Valley o ...
. It dates back to the 1920s, when it was founded with the name Chapultepec Heights. Home to some of the biggest mansions in the city and many
high-net-worth individual High-net-worth individual (HNWI) is a term used by some segments of the financial services industry to designate persons whose investible wealth (assets such as stocks and bonds) exceeds a given amount. Typically, these individuals are defined ...
s, it has gained a reputation of exclusivity. Its main entrance is through
Paseo de la Reforma Paseo de la Reforma (translated as "Promenade of the Reform") is a wide avenue that runs diagonally across the heart of Mexico City. It was designed at the behest of Emperor Maximilian by Ferdinand von Rosenzweig during the era of the Secon ...
.


History

In the early 1920s, Mexico City suffered a housing shortage as a result of internal migrants fleeing from uncertainty in the provinces caused by the
Mexican Revolution The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
. To meet demand, the
Ayuntamiento ''Ayuntamiento'' ()In other languages of Spain: * ca, ajuntament (). * gl, concello (). * eu, udaletxea (). is the general term for the town council, or ''cabildo'', of a municipality or, sometimes, as is often the case in Spain and Latin Amer ...
s of the
Distrito Federal A federal district is a type of administrative division of a federation, usually under the direct control of a federal government and organized sometimes with a single municipal body. Federal districts often include capital districts, and they ...
passed various city ordinances in order to make it easier for private investors to develop urban subdivisions. Also beneficial was Article 27 of the 1917 Constitution, which was used to promote agrarian land reform and indirectly encouraged the construction and emergence of new urban developments when it prompted the change of
land-use Land use involves the management and modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment such as Human settlement, settlements and semi-natural habitats such as Arable land, arable fields, pastures, and managed Woodland, woo ...
of the properties surrounding the capital. A total of 26 to 32 colonias were built as a direct result, one of which was Lomas de Chapultepec. On September 28, 1921, the corporation, Chapultepec Heights Company, was formed with the objective of developing the land acquired from the ''Hacienda de los Morales'' (also known as ''Rancho del Huizachal de Alberto Cuevas Lascuráin''). The company was founded by five investors (two Americans, two Mexicans and one Briton) who were able to buy the 687 hectares of the ex-
Hacienda An ''hacienda'' ( or ; or ) is an estate (or ''finca''), similar to a Roman ''latifundium'', in Spain and the former Spanish Empire. With origins in Andalusia, ''haciendas'' were variously plantations (perhaps including animals or orchards), ...
for about one cent per square meter. In 1922, Chapultepec Heights was planned by
José Luis Cuevas Pietrasanta José is a predominantly Spanish and Portuguese form of the given name Joseph. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced differently in each language: Spanish ; Portuguese (or ). In French, the name ''José'', pronounced , is an old vernacu ...
in the " Garden City" fashion. With large lots, large gardened yards, wide winding streets, gardened boulevards and scattered small shopping areas within walking distances from homes. The early settlers attracted to the area were young professionals and some of the nouveau riche revolutionaries, bureaucrats and the new business class of Mexico City. Smaller homes were built on the side streets while mostly large houses were built on Paseo de la Reforma and
Paseo de Las Palmas Paseo may refer to: * a ''paseo'', a promenade, esplanade or public avenue. * ''Paseo'', a euphemism for a ride to summary execution during the White Terror during the Spanish Civil War Parkways and malls * The Paseo (Kansas City, Missouri), a ...
, the two main avenues. Most of the early houses were built in the " Colonial Californiano" style, with stone carvings around windows and doors and pitched roofs. Many of these early homes are catalogued and protected by the
Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes The Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes y Literatura (INBAL, en, National Institute of Fine Arts and Literature), located in the Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City, is the Mexican institution in charge of coordinating artistic and cultural ...
as they have been deemed a cultural patrimony. Later on,
Modern Modern may refer to: History * Modern history ** Early Modern period ** Late Modern period *** 18th century *** 19th century *** 20th century ** Contemporary history * Moderns, a faction of Freemasonry that existed in the 18th century Phil ...
houses designed by notable architects such as
Luis Barragán Luis Ramiro Barragán Morfín (March 9, 1902 – November 22, 1988) was a Mexican architect and engineer. His work has influenced contemporary architects visually and conceptually. Barragán's buildings are frequently visited by international ...
, Juan Sordo,
Ricardo Legorreta Ricardo Legorreta Vilchis (May 7, 1931 – December 30, 2011) was a Mexican architect. He was a prolific designer of private houses, public buildings and master plans in Mexico, the United States of America and some other countries. He was awarde ...
and
Enrique Norten Enrique Norten Rosenfeld (born c. 1954), Hon. FAIA, is a Mexican architect and principal of the design firm ''TEN Arquitectos'' (Taller de Enrique Norten Arquitectos). Norten was born in Mexico City in 1954 where he graduated from the Universidad ...
were built. Many of the houses built during the era known as the Mexican Miracle are still standing, and constitute the largest mansions in the western area of the city. The colonia grew in size, being mostly inhabited by the upper class and by wealthy immigrants that arrived in Mexico in the early 20th century. Today, Lomas de Chapultepec is inhabited by Mexican and foreign business professionals, celebrities, politicians and other wealthy individuals. In recent years commercial and business areas have developed on the edges of the neighborhood and there are also various
embassies A diplomatic mission or foreign mission is a group of people from a state or organization present in another state to represent the sending state or organization officially in the receiving or host state. In practice, the phrase usually deno ...
located in the area. Sales in the northwestern part of Mexico City, which includes luxury areas like Lomas de Chapultepec, generally average US$1 million per house.


Use of "Lomas" in subsequent developments

Starting in the early 1950s, riding on Lomas de Chapultepec's success and the glitter of its name, other developers opened subdivisions further out into adjacent
Estado de Mexico The State of Mexico ( es, Estado de México; ), officially just Mexico ( es, México), is one of the 32 federal entities of the United Mexican States. Commonly known as Edomex (from ) to distinguish it from the name of the whole country, it is ...
with names including the magic word "Lomas" (Spanish for hills). Some of the neighborhoods that stemmed from these expansions are
Lomas de Tecamachalco Tecamachalco is the common name for a State of Mexico suburban neighbourhood, colonia Lomas de Tecamachalco, which forms part of the city of Naucalpan, in Naucalpan and Huixquilucan municipalities, in the State of Mexico. Geography The neighbourho ...
, Lomas de la Herradura, Lomas de las Palmas, Lomas Anahuac, Lomas Altas, Lomas de Bezares, Lomas de Santa Fe, Lomas de Vistahermosa and
Interlomas Interlomas is an exclusive residential and commercial area in State of Mexico, Mexico, located west of Mexico City's historic center and about north of the Santa Fe edge city. Interlomas is a high class zone, compound by various colonies (nei ...
. Today, the area encompassing Lomas de Chapultepec and neighboring developments is sometimes incorrectly referred to as simply ''Las Lomas'', though locals specify which neighborhood they live in, be it Tecamachalco, Herradura, etc.


Geography

Lomas de Chapultepec is located in the northwestern hills of the
Anahuac Valley The Valley of Mexico ( es, Valle de México) is a highlands plateau in central Mexico roughly coterminous with present-day Mexico City and the eastern half of the State of Mexico. Surrounded by mountains and volcanoes, the Valley of Mexico w ...
, which is mostly contiguous with Mexico City, and was mostly created following the contour of the terrain, leaving the natural drainage as open space. The developed area was planted with a large number and variety of trees, and is now one of the most wooded areas in the city. The colonia's borders are: * On the northwest and north, the Tecamachalco area of
Cuajimalpa Cuajimalpa de Morelos (; more commonly known simply as Cuajimalpa) is a borough (''demarcación territorial'') in the Mexico City. It is located on the west side of the city in the Sierra de las Cruces mountains which separate Mexico City from the ...
borough (colonias
Lomas de Tecamachalco Tecamachalco is the common name for a State of Mexico suburban neighbourhood, colonia Lomas de Tecamachalco, which forms part of the city of Naucalpan, in Naucalpan and Huixquilucan municipalities, in the State of Mexico. Geography The neighbourho ...
, San Miguel Tecamachalco, etc.) and colonia Reforma Social * On the northeast, the
Anillo Periférico The Anillo Periférico (Spanish for ''peripheral ring'') is the outer beltway of Mexico City. The ''Periferico'' was originally planned by architect Carlos Contreras as early as 1925, together with other major roads such as the Viaducto Mig ...
ring road and Polanco district * On the east, colonia Molino del Rey and the
Bosque de Chapultepec Chapultepec, more commonly called the "Bosque de Chapultepec" (Chapultepec Forest) in Mexico City, is one of the largest city parks in Mexico, measuring in total just over 686 hectares (1,695 acres). Centered on a rock formation called Chapultep ...
* On the south, the 2nd and 3rd sections of the
Bosque de Chapultepec Chapultepec, more commonly called the "Bosque de Chapultepec" (Chapultepec Forest) in Mexico City, is one of the largest city parks in Mexico, measuring in total just over 686 hectares (1,695 acres). Centered on a rock formation called Chapultep ...
; colonias Lomas Altas and Lomas de Reforma * On the west, colonia
Bosques de las Lomas Bosques de las Lomas is a '' colonia'', or officially recognised neighbourhood, located in western Mexico City. It falls partly in Cuajimalpa borough and partly in Miguel Hidalgo borough. It was the masterpiece of Carleton F. Boyle, who previousl ...


Demographics

Lomas de Chapultepec is divided into eight sections, in 2005 their population was as follows: Section I had 1,855 individuals, Section II had 1,528, Section III had 3,302, Section IV had 3,161, Section V had 2,379, Section VI had 2,069, Section VII had 707, and Section VIII had 5,439. Combining for a population of 20,440 inhabitants in the colonia.


Jewish community

In the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, Mexico City's Jews tended to move from
Condesa Condesa or La Condesa is an area in the Cuauhtémoc Borough of Mexico City, south of Zona Rosa and 4 to 5 km west of the Zócalo, the city's main square. It is immediately west of Colonia Roma, together with which it is designated as ...
,
Roma Roma or ROMA may refer to: Places Australia * Roma, Queensland, a town ** Roma Airport ** Roma Courthouse ** Electoral district of Roma, defunct ** Town of Roma, defunct town, now part of the Maranoa Regional Council *Roma Street, Brisbane, a ...
and the
Downtown ''Downtown'' is a term primarily used in North America by English speakers to refer to a city's sometimes commercial, cultural and often the historical, political and geographic heart. It is often synonymous with its central business distric ...
to Polanco, Lomas de Chapultepec,
Interlomas Interlomas is an exclusive residential and commercial area in State of Mexico, Mexico, located west of Mexico City's historic center and about north of the Santa Fe edge city. Interlomas is a high class zone, compound by various colonies (nei ...
,
Bosques de las Lomas Bosques de las Lomas is a '' colonia'', or officially recognised neighbourhood, located in western Mexico City. It falls partly in Cuajimalpa borough and partly in Miguel Hidalgo borough. It was the masterpiece of Carleton F. Boyle, who previousl ...
, and Tecamachalco, where the majority are now based.


Economy

Interjet Interjet (official legal name ABC Aerolíneas, S.A. de C.V.), also known as Interjet Airlines, was a Mexican low-cost carrier headquartered in Mexico City. The airline operated scheduled flights to and from various destinations within Mexico, as ...
has its headquarters in Lomas de Chapultepec.
Google Google LLC () is an American multinational technology company focusing on search engine technology, online advertising, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, artificial intelligence, and consumer electronics. ...
Mexico also has its headquarters there.


Notable residents

*
Cantinflas Mario Fortino Alfonso Moreno Reyes (12 August 1911 – 20 April 1993), known by the stage name Cantinflas (), was a Mexican comedian, actor, and filmmaker. He is considered to have been the most widely-accomplished Mexican comedian and is cel ...
– comedic actor of the
Golden Age of Mexican cinema The Golden Age of Mexican cinema ( es, Época de Oro del Cine Mexicano) is a period in the history of the Cinema of Mexico between 1930 and 1969 when the Mexican film industry reached high levels of production, quality and economic success of its ...
*
Angelica Rivera ''Angelica'' is a genus of about 60 species of tall biennial and perennial herbs in the family Apiaceae, native to temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, reaching as far north as Iceland, Lapland, and Greenland. They grow ...
– actress and
First Lady of Mexico First Lady of Mexico ( es, Primera Dama de México), also known as First Lady of the United Mexican States ( es, Primera Dama de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos), is the unofficial title of the wife of the president of Mexico. Beatriz Gutiérrez Mül ...
*
Carlos Slim Carlos Slim Helú (; born 28 January 1940) is a Mexican business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. From 2010 to 2013, Slim was ranked as the richest person in the world by the ''Forbes'' business magazine. He derived his fortune from hi ...
– businessman and multibillionaire *
Zhenli Ye Gon Zhenli Ye Gon (born January 31, 1963 in Shanghai) is a Chinese-Mexican businessman currently under suspicion of trafficking pseudoephedrine or ephedrine precursor chemicals into Mexico from Asia. He is the owner and legal representative of Un ...
– businessman and alleged drug trafficker


See also

*
Polanco (Mexico) Polanco is a neighborhood in the Miguel Hidalgo borough of Mexico City. Polanco is an affluent '' colonia'', noted for its luxury shopping along Presidente Masaryk Avenue, the most expensive street in Mexico, as well as for the numerous promin ...


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lomas De Chapultepec Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City Neighborhoods in Mexico City Jewish communities in Mexico Edge cities in Mexico