Little's Irregularity Index is an index used in the field of
Orthodontics to measure the crowding of Mandibular anterior arch. The index was first proposed by
Robert M. Little in 1975 in his paper ''The Irregularity Index: A quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment''.
The index takes the anatomical contact points of anterior
Incisors
Incisors (from Latin ''incidere'', "to cut") are the front teeth present in most mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and on the mandible below. Humans have a total of eight (two on each side, top and bottom). Opossums have 18, wher ...
into account. A contact point is created by touching of edges of two different teeth. During mandibular crowding, teeth are often rotated, displaced either palatally or buccally. The Little's irregularity index measures the horizontal linear displacement of anatomic contact points of each mandibular incisor from the adjacent anatomic point and sums the five displacement together. Once summed, the value represents the degree of anterior irregularity.
A perfect alignment from canine to canine will yield a score of 0 on the Irregularity Index. As the crowding increases, the score will increase. Little used Dial
Calipers
A caliper (British spelling also calliper, or in plurale tantum sense a pair of calipers) is a device used to measure the dimensions of an object.
Many types of calipers permit reading out a measurement on a ruled scale, a dial, or a digital d ...
in his study to measure the distances on a plaster model taken of mandibular arches. The caliper had an accuracy to tenths of millimeter. The vertical discrepancy between the contact points does not play a role in the index. The scale of the index is listed below. The number correspond to the distance in mm of the sum of horizontal displacements of the anatomical contact points of the mandibular anterior teeth.
* 0 - Perfect alignment
* 1-3 - Minimal irregularity
* 4-6 - Moderate irregularity
* 7-9 - Severe irregularity
* 10 - Very severe irregularity
Disadvantages
Some of the disadvantages of this index includes assigning high score to
Malocclusion
In orthodontics, a malocclusion is a misalignment or incorrect relation between the teeth of the upper and lower dental arches when they approach each other as the jaws close. The English-language term dates from 1864; Edward Angle (1855-19 ...
which involve a severe rotation of one or more tooth. The treatment of a case like this maybe simple compared to the high score of crowding it received from this index. The index also does not take into account other features of malocclusion before assigning a score to an individual.
[{{Cite journal, title = Using Little's Irregularity Index in orthodontics: Outdated and inaccurate?, journal = Journal of Dentistry, date = 2012-12-01, pages = 1127–1133, volume = 40, issue = 12, doi = 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.09.010, pmid = 23000526, first = Donal, last = Macauley, first2 = Thérèse M., last2 = Garvey, first3 = Adam H., last3 = Dowling, first4 = Garry J. P., last4 = Fleming]
See also
*
Dentition analysis
References
Orthodontics