This is a list of stadtholders ( nl, stadhouders, german: Statthalter) or governors (french: gouverneurs) in the historical Netherlands region. This includes all the territories in the

Low Countries The term Low Countries, also known as the Low Lands ( nl, de Lage Landen, french: les Pays-Bas, lb, déi Niddereg Lännereien) and historically called the Netherlands ( nl, de Nederlanden), Flanders, or Belgica, is a coastal lowland region in N ...

that in the mid-16th-century were part of the

Habsburg Netherlands Habsburg Netherlands was the Renaissance period fiefs in the Low Countries held by the Holy Roman Empire's House of Habsburg. The rule began in 1482, when the last Valois-Burgundy ruler of the Netherlands, Mary, wife of Maximilian I of Austr ...

, and then known as the "

Seventeen Provinces The Seventeen Provinces were the Imperial states of the Habsburg Netherlands in the 16th century. They roughly covered the Low Countries, i.e., what is now the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and most of the French departments of Nord (Fre ...

". It excludes territories which were never owned by the

House of Habsburg The House of Habsburg (), alternatively spelled Hapsburg in Englishgerman: Haus Habsburg, ; es, Casa de Habsburgo; hu, Habsburg család, it, Casa di Asburgo, nl, Huis van Habsburg, pl, dom Habsburgów, pt, Casa de Habsburgo, la, Domus Hab ...

, such as the

Prince-Bishopric of Liège The Prince-Bishopric of Liège or Principality of Liège was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire that was situated for the most part in present-day Belgium. It was an Imperial Estate, so the bishop of Liège, as its prince, ...

(until 1794), the

Princely Abbey of Stavelot-Malmedy The Princely Abbey of Stavelot-Malmedy, also Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy, sometimes known with its German name Stablo, was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire. Princely power was exercised by the Benedictine abbot of th ...

(until 1794), the Prince-Bishopric of Cambrésis and the Imperial City of Cambray (until 1678), the

Principality of Sedan The Principality of Sedan (French: ''Principauté de Sedan'') was an independent Protestant state centered on the Château de Sedan (now the city of Sedan) in the Ardennes. It was ruled by the Prince of Sedan (''prince de Sedan''), who belong ...

(until 1651), the

Duchy of Bouillon The Duchy of Bouillon (french: Duché de Bouillon) was a duchy comprising Bouillon and adjacent towns and villages in present-day Belgium. The state originated in the 10th century as property of the Lords of Bouillon, owners of Bouillon Castl ...

(until 1795), and the Duchy of Jülich (until 1795).

Background

The stadtholders or governors were appointed from the ranks of the high nobility, and acted as deputies of a monarch, such as the

dukes of Burgundy Duke of Burgundy (french: duc de Bourgogne) was a title used by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, from its establishment in 843 to its annexation by France in 1477, and later by Holy Roman Emperors and Kings of Spain from the House of Habsburg ...

Saxony Saxony (german: Sachsen ; Upper Saxon: ''Saggsn''; hsb, Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (german: Freistaat Sachsen, links=no ; Upper Saxon: ''Freischdaad Saggsn''; hsb, Swobodny stat Sakska, links=no), is a landlocked state of ...

and Guelders, the

kings of Spain This is a list of Spanish monarchs, that is, rulers of the country of Spain. The forerunners of the monarchs of the Spanish throne were the following: * Kings of the Visigoths * Kings of Asturias * Kings of Navarre * Kings of León *Kings of G ...

, or the

archdukes of Austria This is a list of people who have ruled either the Margraviate of Austria, the Duchy of Austria or the Archduchy of Austria. From 976 until 1246, the margraviate and its successor, the duchy, was ruled by the House of Babenberg. At that time, tho ...

. During the Eighty Years' War, the States(-General) of provinces which rebelled against the Spanish crown started appointing their own stadtholders, establishing a symbiotic relationship between States and stadtholders in what would become the

Dutch Republic The United Provinces of the Netherlands, also known as the (Seven) United Provinces, officially as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Dutch: ''Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden''), and commonly referred to in historiography ...

. Throughout the war, some areas had two stadtholders: those appointed by the Habsburgs, and those appointed by the States in revolt.

By county, duchy, and lordship

County of Artois

The

County of Artois The County of Artois (, ) was a historic province of the Kingdom of France, held by the Dukes of Burgundy from 1384 until 1477/82, and a state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1493 until 1659. Present Artois lies in northern France, on the border ...

( nl, Artesië) was a province of

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

, held by the Dukes of Burgundy from 1384 until 1477/82, and a state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1493 until 1659. Through the

Burgundian treaty of 1548 The Burgundian treaty of 1548 (ratified on 26 June), also known as the Transaction of Augsburg, settled the status of the Habsburg Netherlands within the Holy Roman Empire. History Essentially the work of Viglius van Aytta, it represents a fir ...

, it was made part of the Habsburg Netherlands (Seventeen Provinces) until 1659, when it was reincorportated into France. In Habsburg service: * 1500–1504:

Engelbert II of Nassau Engelbert II of Nassau, ''Engelbrecht'' in Dutch (17 May 1451 – 31 May 1504), was count of Nassau and Vianden and lord of Breda, Lek, Diest, Roosendaal, Nispen and Wouw. He was a soldier and courtier, for some time leader of the Privy cou ...

, count of Nassau-Breda * 1506–1513:

James II of Luxemburg-Fiennes James is a common English language surname and given name: *James (name), the typically masculine first name James * James (surname), various people with the last name James James or James City may also refer to: People * King James (disambiguat ...

, lord of Fiennes * 15??–1524: Ferry of Croÿ, lord van Roeulx * 1524–1553: Adrian of Croÿ, count of Roeulx * 1553–1558: Pontus of Lalaing, lord of Bugnicourt,
Relations des ambassadeurs vénitiens sur Charles-quint et Philippe II
' (1847) 86. * 1559–1568: Lamoral, Count of Egmont, prince of Gavre * 1568–1571: ''none'' (?) * 1571–1578?: Ferdinand of Lannoy, duke of Bojano * 1578–1579: Gilles van Berlaymont, lord of Hierges * 1579–1597?:

Florent de Berlaymont Florent of Berlaymont (c. 1550 – 3 April 1626) was Count of Lalaing and Berlaymont, and Stadtholder of Namur, Artois, Guelders-Zutphen and Luxembourg, in the service of the King of Spain. He was the youngest son of Charles de Berlaymont and Adr ...

, count of Lalaing and Berlaymont * 1597–1610: Charles III de Croÿ, prince of Chimay * 1610–1624: Lamoral, Prince of Ligne

Duchy of Brabant

The

Duchy of Brabant The Duchy of Brabant was a State of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1183. It developed from the Landgraviate of Brabant and formed the heart of the historic Low Countries, part of the Burgundian Netherlands from 1430 and of the Habsburg Neth ...

had no stadtholder, since the governor-general administered this region directly from Brussels. William of Orange once proposed to appoint a kind of stadtholder (he called it ''superintendent'') to be able to persuade the

States of Brabant The States of Brabant were the representation of the three estates (nobility, clergy and commons) to the court of the Duke of Brabant. The three estates were also called the States. Supported by the economic strength of the cities Antwerp, Brusse ...

to obey, because without the stadtholder the States could act too independently. He implied that he himself would be a good candidate for the office. However, his proposal was rejected by

Granvelle Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle (20 August 151721 September 1586), Comte de La Baume Saint Amour, was a Bisontin (Free Imperial City of Besançon) statesman, made a cardinal, who followed his father as a leading minister of the Spanish Habsbu ...

. At the Entry of William of Orange to Brussels in September 1577, Orange did receive the medieval title of ''ruwaard'' from the hands of the States of Brabant, which came down to a stadtholdership, but mainly had symbolic value.

County of Drenthe

;In Habsburg service: * 1536–1540: Georg Schenck van Toutenburg * 1540–1548: Maximilian of Egmont * 1549–1568:

Jean de Ligne Jean may refer to: People * Jean (female given name) * Jean (male given name) * Jean (surname) Fictional characters * Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character * Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations * Je ...

, count of Arenberg * 1568–1572:

Charles de Brimeu Charles de Brimeu (1524 or 1525 – 1572 in Zwolle), was the last count of Meghem, lord of Humbercourt, of Houdain and Éperlecques. He was grandson of Guy of Brimeu, who was beheaded in Ghent. He became the last ceremonial Hereditary Marshal of ...

, count of Megen * 1572–1574: Gillis of Berlaymont * 1574–1576: Caspar de Robles, lord of Billy * 1576–1580: ''none; province in States-General control'' * 1580–1581: George de Lalaing, count of Rennenberg * 1581–1594:

Francisco Verdugo Francisco Verdugo, Spanish military commander in the Dutch Revolt, (born in 1537 in Talavera de la Reina, province of Toledo, died in Luxembourg, 1595), became ''Maestre de Campo General,'' in the Spanish Netherlands. He was also the last Spanish ...

* 1595–1618: Frederik van den Bergh, in name only ;In States-General service * 1576–1580: George de Lalaing * 1580–1584: William "the Silent" of Orange, prince of Orange (''de facto'')After the 'Treason of Rennenberg' (3 March 1580), Orange became ''de facto'' stadtholder of the northern regions on behalf of the States-General; in fact, however, the States had no authority over Groningen and Drenthe in these years. * 1584–1596: ''gnone; province in Spanish control'',
De Stadhouders van Drenthe, hunne magt en staatsregterlijke verhouding tot de landschap
' (1867) 4-6. * 1593/6–1620: William Louis of Nassau-Dillenburg * 1620–1625: Maurice, Prince of Orange * 1625–1632: Ernest Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz * 1632–1640:

Henry Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz Henry may refer to: People * Henry (given name) * Henry (surname) * Henry Lau, Canadian singer and musician who performs under the mononym Henry Royalty * Portuguese royalty ** King-Cardinal Henry, King of Portugal ** Henry, Count of Portuga ...

* 1640–1647:

Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange Frederick Henry ( nl, Frederik Hendrik; 29 January 1584 – 14 March 1647) was the sovereign prince of Orange and stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from 1625 until his death in 1647. In the last ...

* 1647–1650:

William II, Prince of Orange William II (27 May 1626 – 6 November 1650) was sovereign Prince of Orange and Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, Overijssel and Groningen in the United Provinces of the Netherlands from 14 March 1647 until his death three year ...

* 1650–1664: William Frederick of Nassau-Dietz * 1664–1696: Henry Casimir II of Nassau-Dietz * 1696–1702: William III, Prince of Orange * 1702–1722: ''

Second Stadtholderless Period The Second Stadtholderless Period or Era ( nl, Tweede Stadhouderloze Tijdperk) is the designation in Dutch historiography of the period between the death of stadtholder William III on March 19, 1702, and the appointment of William IV as stadthol ...

'' * 1722–1751:

William IV, Prince of Orange William IV (Willem Karel Hendrik Friso; 1 September 1711 – 22 October 1751) was Prince of Orange from birth and the first hereditary stadtholder of all the United Provinces of the Netherlands from 1747 until his death in 1751. During his whole ...

* 1751–1795:

William V, Prince of Orange William V (Willem Batavus; 8 March 1748 – 9 April 1806) was a prince of Orange and the last stadtholder of the Dutch Republic. He went into exile to London in 1795. He was furthermore ruler of the Principality of Orange-Nassau until his death i ...

County of Flanders

;In Habsburg service: * 1490–1506:

, count of Nassau-Breda * 1506–1513:

, lord of Fiennes * 1513–1517: ? * 1517–1532:

, lord of Fiennes * 1532–1540: ''Stadtholderless period'' (office temporarily suspended due to concerns of political power) * 1540–1553: Adrian of Croÿ, count of Roeulx * 1553–1558: Pontus of Lalaing, lord of Bugnicourt * 1559–1568: Lamoral, Count of Egmont, prince of Gavre * 1568–1572: ''none'' (?) * 1572–1577: * 1577–1584: ''none'' (?); ''province in States-General control (

Calvinist Republic of Ghent The Calvinist Republic of Ghent was a Calvinist republic that existed between 1577 and 1584 in the Flemish independent city of Ghent. Background During the Middle Ages Ghent became an important economic center in the County of Flanders with an ind ...

)'' In States-General service: * 1577:

Philippe III de Croÿ Philippe de Croÿ, 3rd Duke of Aarschot, 4th Prince of Chimay, Count of Porcean (Valenciennes, 10 July 1526Venice, 11 December 1595), was Stadtholder of Flanders, and inherited the estates of the ancient and wealthy family of Croÿ. Becoming a so ...

, duke of Aarschot * 1577–1583: ''none'' (?); ''province in States-General control (

)'' * 1583–1584: Charles III de Croÿ, prince of Chimay, duke of Aarschot

Lordship of Frisia

* 1515–1518:

Floris van Egmont Floris van Egmond (ca. 1470 – 25 October 1539) was count of Buren and Leerdam and Lord of IJsselstein and Sint Maartensdijk. He was stadtholder of Guelders (1507–1511) and Friesland (1515–1518) Floris was the son of Frederik van Egmond ...

, Count of Buren * 1518–1521:

Wilhelm von Roggendorf Wilhelm Freiherr von Roggendorf (1481 – 25 August 1541) was an Austrian military commander and Hofmeister (office), Hofmeister. He was a son of , and thus member of the ancient family from Styria, which ruled in Lower Austria since the middle o ...

* 1522: Jancko Douwama, Frisian rebel * 1521–1540: Georg Schenck van Tautenburg * 1548–1559:

Maximiliaan van Egmond Maximiliaan of Egmont (1509–1548) was Count of Buren and Leerdam, and Stadtholder of Friesland (succeeding George Schenck) from 1540 until 1548. He was the son of Floris van Egmont whom he succeeded as count after his father's death in 1539. ...

, Count of Buren * 1559–1568: Jean de Ligne, Count of Arenberg * 1568–1572:

, Count of Megen * 1572–1574: Gillis van Berlaymont, Lord of Hierges * 1574–1576: Caspar de Robles * 1576–1581:

George de Lalaing, Count of Rennenberg George de Lalaing count Rennenberg (c. 1550 – 23 July 1581), was stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen, Drenthe and Overijssel in the service of Philip II of Spain from 1577 to 1581. The Lalaing family came from Hainaut and had a tradition of gov ...

, in the service of Phillip II * 1581–1594:

, in the service of Phillip II * 1580–1584: William I, Prince of Orange * 1584–1620:

William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg William Louis of Nassau-Dillenburg ( nl, Willem Lodewijk; fry, Willem Loadewyk; 13 March 1560, Dillenburg, Hesse – 13 July 1620, Leeuwarden, Netherlands) was Count of Nassau-Dillenburg from 1606 to 1620, and stadtholder of Friesland ...

* 1620–1632: Ernest Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz * 1632–1640:

* 1640–1664:

William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz William Frederick ( nl, Willem Frederik; Arnhem 7 August 1613 – Leeuwarden 31 October 1664), Count (from 1654 Imperial Prince) of Nassau-Dietz, Stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe. Biography Family life William Frederick was the s ...

* 1664–1696: Henry Casimir II of Nassau-Dietz * 1696–1711:

John William Friso, Prince of Orange John William Friso ( nl, Johan Willem Friso; 14 August 1687 – 14 July 1711) became the (titular) Prince of Orange in 1702. He was the Stadtholder of Friesland and Groningen in the Dutch Republic until his death by accidental drowning in the H ...

* 1711–1747:

Lordship of Groningen

* 1519–1522: Cristoffel van Meurs * 1522–1530: * 1530–1536: Charles of Guelders * 1536: Ludolf Coenders * 1536–1540: Georg Schenck van Toutenburg * 1540–1548:

* 1549–1568:

Jean de Ligne, Duke of Aremberg Jean de Ligne, Duke of Arenberg (c. 1525 – 1568) was Baron of Barbançon, founder of the House of Arenberg and stadtholder of the Dutch provinces of Friesland, Groningen, Drenthe and Overijssel from 1549 until his death. He was the son of L ...

* 1568–1572:

* 1572–1574: Gillis van Berlaymont * 1574–1576: Caspar de Robles * 1576–1581:

* 1581–1594:

* 1584–1620:

* 1620–1625: Maurice, Prince of Orange * 1625–1632: Ernest Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz * 1632–1640:

* 1640–1647:

* 1647–1650:

* 1650–1664: William Frederick of Nassau-Dietz * 1664–1673: Albertine Agnes of Nassau, regentess for Hendrick Casimir II * 1664–1696: Henry Casimir II of Nassau-Dietz * ''1696–1707: Henriette Amalia von Anhalt, regentess for Johan Willem Friso'' * 1696–1711:

* ''1711–1729: Marie Louise von Hessen-Kassel, regentess for William IV'' * 1711–1747:

Duchy of Guelders

* 1473–1475:

William IV of Egmont William IV of Egmont (''Dutch'': Willem van Egmond) (26 January 1412 – 19 January 1483) was Lord of Egmond, IJsselstein, Schoonderwoerd and Haastrecht and Stadtholder of Guelders. Biography William was a son of John II, Lord of Egmond and Ma ...

* 1475–1476: William V of Egmont * 1474–1477: Philip I of Croÿ-Chimay * 1480–1481: William V of Egmont * 1481–1492: Adolf III of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein * 1492–1504: ''Guelders independent'' * 1504–1505: John V, Count of Nassau-Siegen * 1505–1507: Philip of Burgundy * 1507–1511: Floris van Egmond * 1511–1543: ''Guelders independent'' * 1543–1544:

René of Châlon René (''born again'' or ''reborn'' in French) is a common first name in French-speaking, Spanish-speaking, and German-speaking countries. It derives from the Latin name Renatus. René is the masculine form of the name ( Renée being the feminin ...

* 1544–1555: Philip de Lalaing * 1555–1560:

Philip de Montmorency Philip de Montmorency (ca. 1524 – 5 June 1568 in Brussels), also known as Count of Horn, ''Horne'', ''Hoorne'' or ''Hoorn'', was a victim of the Inquisition in the Spanish Netherlands. Biography De Montmorency was born as the eldest of four ch ...

* 1560–1572:

Karel van Brimeu Charles de Brimeu (1524 or 1525 – 1572 in Zwolle), was the last count of Megen, Meghem, lord of Humbercourt, of Houdain and Éperlecques. He was grandson of Guy of Brimeu, who was beheaded in Ghent. He became the last ceremonial Hereditary Marsh ...

* 1572–1577: Gillis van Berlaymont * 1578–1581:

Johann VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg Count John VI of Nassau-Dillenburg (22 November 1536 – 8 October 1606) was the second son of William the Rich and the younger brother of William the Silent. He has a special place in the history of the Netherlands because he is the male-lin ...

* 1581–1585: William IV of Bergh * 1585–1587:

Claude de Berlaymont Claude de Berlaymont (or Claudius van Barlaymont), lord of Haultpenne (ca. 1550 – 14 July 1587) was a Flemish military commander in Spain's Army of Flanders during the Eighty Years' War. Family He was the seventh and last son of count Charles d ...

* 1587–1626:

* 1584–1589:

Adolf van Nieuwenaar Adolf van Nieuwenaar, Count of Limburg and Moers (also: Adolf von Neuenahr) (c. 1545 – 18 October 1589) was a statesman and soldier, who was stadtholder of Overijssel, Guelders and Utrecht for the States-General of the Netherlands during ...

* 1590–1625: Maurice, Prince of Orange * 1625–1647:

* 1647–1650:

* 1650–1675: ''

First Stadtholderless Period The First Stadtholderless Period or Era (1650–72; nl, Eerste Stadhouderloze Tijdperk) is the period in the history of the Dutch Republic in which the office of Stadtholder was vacant in five of the seven Dutch provinces (the provinces of Fries ...

'' * 1675–1702: William III, Prince of Orange * 1702–1722: ''

'' * 1722–1747:

Upper Guelders

* 1502–1522: Reinier of Guelders * 1522–1543: ''Occupation by the Habsburgs'' * 1543–1579: ''No stadtholder'' * 1579–1589: Jan van Argenteau * 1589–1592: Marcus de Rye de la Palud * 1592–1593: Charles of Ligne * 1593–1611:

Herman van den Bergh Herman, Count van den Bergh (2 August 1558 in Huis Bergh, 's-Heerenberg, Gelderland – 12 August 1611 in Spa) was a Dutch soldier in the Eighty Years' War, knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece and stadtholder of Spanish Guelders. Life In 15 ...

* 1611–1618: Frederik van den Bergh * 1618–1632: Hendrik van den Bergh * 1632–1637: ''Occupation by the Dutch Republic'' * 1640–1646:

Willem Bette Guillaume de Bette, 1st Marquess of Lede (c.1600– 23 June 1658), Baron of Péronne, Lord of Impe, Knight of Santiago, was a military commander and diplomat from the Spanish Netherlands. Life Bette was born at Lede around the beginning of the 17 ...

* 1646–1652: Jan Koenraard van Aubremont * 1652–1680: Filips Balthasar van Gendt * 1680–1699:

Johan Frans Desideratus of Nassau-Siegen John Francis Desideratus (28 July 1627 – 17 December 1699) was count of Nassau-Siegen and stadtholder of Limburg and Upper Guelders. Life John Francis Desideratus was the only son of Count John VIII of Nassau-Siegen, who had converted to ...

* 1699–1702:

Philippe Emanuel, Prince of Hornes Philippe Emanuel, Prince of Hornes, Prince of Overisque, Count of Solre-le-Château (31 August 1661 in Condé – 14 October 1718 in Bailleul, Somme), was the son of Eugene Maximilian, Prince of Hornes and Princess Anne Marie Jeanne of Croÿ ...

County of Hainaut

* 1477–1482: Adolph of Cleves * 1482–1511: Philip I de Croÿ * 1511–1521:

Charles I de Croÿ Charles I de Croÿ (1455–1527), Count and later 1st Prince of Chimay, was a nobleman and politician from the Low Countries in the service of the House of Habsburg. Career Charles was born in the House of Croÿ as eldest son of Philip I of Croÿ ...

* 1521–1549: Philip II de Croÿ * 1549–1558:

Charles II de Lalaing Charles II of Lalaing (1506 in Lallaing? – 23 November 1558 in Brussels) was Count of Lalaing, Lord of Escornaix and stadtholder of the County of Hainaut. Family He was the eldest son of Charles I de Lalaing (died 1525) and Jacqueline of Luxe ...

* 1558–1560:

* 1560–1566:

John IV of Glymes John IV of Glymes, 2nd Marquess of Berghes (1528–1567), Grand Huntsman of Brabant, was a noble from the Low Countries. He was the son of Anthony of Glymes (1500–1541) and Jacqueline de Croÿ, sister of Philippe II de Croÿ. He succeeded his ...

* 1566–1574:

Philip of Noircarmes Philippe René Nivelon Louis de Sainte-Aldegonde, Lord of Noircarmes (c. 1530 – Utrecht, 5 March 1574) was a statesman and soldier from the Habsburg Netherlands in the service of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Philip II of Spain. He gaine ...

* 1574–1582: Philip de Lalaing * 1582–1590:

Emanuel Philibert de Lalaing Emanuel Filibert van Lalaing (Valenciennes, May 5, 1557 – Mons December 27, 1590) was a noble and army commander from the Low Countries. Emanuel Philibert was the third son of Charles II de Lalaing and Marie of Montmorency. He was Lord of Monti ...

* 1592–1606: Charles III de Croÿ * 1613–16: Charles Bonaventure de Longueval * 1663–1674: Philippe François de Ligne

County of Holland, Zeeland, and Utrecht

The stadtholdership of Holland and Zealand has always been combined. Since the office was instituted there in 1528, the stadtholder of Utrecht has been the same as the one of Holland, with one exception. In 1572, William of Orange was elected as the stadtholder, although Philip II had appointed a different one. During the

, the provinces of Holland, Zealand and Utrecht were governed by their States free from autocratic intervention. The

in Holland ended when the Frisian stadtholder became hereditary stadtholder for all provinces of the Dutch Republic. * 1433–1440:

Hugo van Lannoy Hugo van Lannoy ( French: 'Hue' or 'Hugues de Lannoy'; 1384 – 1 May 1456), Lord of Santes, was a Flemish statesman in the service of the Dukes of Burgundy, most notably Philip III who founded the Order of the Golden Fleece. Biography He was ...

* 1440–1445: Willem van Lalaing * 1445–1448: Gozewijn de Wilde * 1448–1462: Jean de Lannoy * 1462–1477: Loys of Gruuthuse * 1477–1480:

Wolfert VI van Borselen Wolfert VI of Borselen (c. 1430 – 29 April 1486, Saint-Omer) was stadholder of Holland, Friesland, and Zeeland, Admiral of the Netherlands outside Flanders, and Lord of Veere. Family Wolfert VI van Borselen was the son of Henry II ...

* 1480–1483: Joost de Lalaing * 1483–1515: Jan III van Egmond * 1515–1521:

Henry III of Nassau-Breda Count Henry III of Nassau-Dillenburg-Dietz (January 12, 1483, Siegen – September 14, 1538, Breda), Lord (from 1530 Baron) of Breda, Lord of the Lek, of Dietz, etc. was a count of the House of Nassau. He was the son of Count John V of Nassau ...

* 1522–1540:

Antoon I van Lalaing Antoine I de Lalaing (1480–1540), 1st count of Hoogstraten and of Culemborg, was a Hainautese nobleman who held various offices in the court of the Dukes of Burgundy. Life De Lalaing was a son of Joost de Lalaing and Bonne van Viefville. He ...

* 1540–1544:

* 1544–1546: Louis of Flanders * 1547–1558:

Maximilian II of Burgundy Maximilian of Burgundy (1514–1558), marquis of Veere and Lord of Beveren, was a noble from the Low Countries in the service of the Habsburgs. Family Maximilian was the son of Adolf of Burgundy and Anna of Bergen. He was a descendant of Antoin ...

* 1559–1567: William I, Prince of Orange * 1567–1573: Maximilien de Hénin, 3rd Count of Bossu * 1573–1574:

* 1574–1577: Gillis van Berlaymont * 1572–1584: William I, Prince of Orange * 1584–1589:

* 1585–1625: Maurice, Prince of Orange * 1625–1647:

* 1647–1650:

* 1650–1672: ''

'' * 1672–1702: William III, Prince of Orange * 1702–1747: ''

Duchy of Luxemburg

* 1451–1475:

Antoine I de Croÿ Antoine I de Croÿ (''the Great'' or ''Le Grand de Croÿ''), Seigneur de Croÿ, Renty and Le Roeulx, Count of Porcéan (c. 1383/1387 – 21 September 1475), was a member of the House of Croÿ. Antoine was the eldest surviving son and heir of J ...

* –1511: Philip I de Croÿ * 1545–1552:

Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort (20 July 1517 – 25 May 1604) was a Spanish Imperial army commander of German origin and Governor of the Spanish Netherlands from 1592 to 1594. Born in Heldrungen, Saxony, he was the 11th child (of 16) of ...

* 1552–1555:

Maarten van Rossum Maarten van Rossum (c. 1478 – June 7, 1555) was a military tactician of the duchy of Guelders who became field marshal in the service of Charles, Duke of Guelders. He was greatly feared outside his home country for the ruthless manner in ...

* 1556–1558:

* 1559–1604:

(second time) * 1604–1626:

* 1648–1650: Philippe François de Croy, Duke of Havré * 1654–1675: * 1675–16: John Charles de Landas (acting) * 1680–1684: * 1684–1686: * 1686–1687:

Louis-François de Boufflers Louis François de Boufflers, Duke of Boufflers (10 January 1644 – 22 August 1711) was a French soldier. He was created count of Cagny (modern Crillon) and duke of Boufflers and named marshal of France. Biography Louis-François was bor ...

* 1687–1690:

Nicolas Catinat Nicolas Catinat (, 1 September 1637 – 22 February 1712) was a French military commander and Marshal of France under Louis XIV. The son of a magistrate, Catinat was born in Paris on 1 September 1637. He entered the Gardes Françaises at an ...

* 1697–1713: * 1727–1734:

Lordship of Overijssel

* 1528–1540: Georg Schenck van Toutenburg * 1540–1548:

* 1548–1568:

* 1568–1572:

* 1572–1573: Gillis van Berlaymont * 1573–1576: Caspar de Robles * 1576–1581: George de Lalaing * 1581–1594:

* 1594–1618: Frederik van den Bergh * 1584–1589:

* 1590–1625: Maurice, Prince of Orange * 1625–1647:

* 1647–1650:

* 1650–1675: ''

First Stadtholderless period The First Stadtholderless Period or Era (1650–72; nl, Eerste Stadhouderloze Tijdperk) is the period in the history of the Dutch Republic in which the office of Stadtholder was vacant in five of the seven Dutch provinces (the provinces of Fries ...

'' * 1675–1702: William III, Prince of Orange * 1702–1747: ''

Second Stadtholderless period The Second Stadtholderless Period or Era ( nl, Tweede Stadhouderloze Tijdperk) is the designation in Dutch historiography of the period between the death of stadtholder William III on March 19, 1702, and the appointment of William IV as stadthol ...

'' * 1747–1751:

* 1751–1795:

Duchy of Limburg

* 1473-1477:

Guy of Brimeu Guy de Brimeu known as the great or Gwijde of Brimeu, was a knight of the Golden Fleece, he was beheaded in Ghent on 3 April 1477. Family His father was Jean of Brimeu, Lord of Humbercourt. He married Antonia de Rambures. Children: * Charle ...

, stadtholder-general * 1542-1572: Johan I of East Frisia * 1574-1578: Arnold II Huyn van Amstenrade, Lord of Geleen and Eijsden * 1578-1579:

Cristóbal de Mondragón Cristóbal de Mondragón y Otálora de Mercado (1514–1596) was a Spanish general during the Eighty Years' War. He was a prominent military figure of the sixteenth century, and was colonel of one of the Tercios of Flanders under the Duke of Al ...

* 1579-1597: Claude van Wittem van Beersel * 1597-1612: Gaston Spinola * 1612-1620: Maximilian of Saint-Aldegonde * 1620-1624: Charles Emanuel of Gorrevod * 1624-1626: Hermann of Burgundy * 1626-1632: Hugo of Noyelles * 1632-1635: ''Occupation by the Dutch'' * 1635-1640:

, baron of Lede * 1640-1647: Jan van Wiltz * 1649-1665: Lancelot Schetz of Grobbendonk * 1665-1684:

, * 1685-1702: Henri, 4th Prince of Ligne * 1702-1703: Franz Sigismund of

Thurn und Taxis The Princely House of Thurn and Taxis (german: link=no, Fürstenhaus Thurn und Taxis ) is a family of German nobility that is part of the ''Briefadel''. It was a key player in the postal services in Europe during the 16th century, until the en ...

* 1703-1705: Ludwig von Sinzendorf * 1705-1707: Jan Peter de Goës * 1707-1709: Ferdinand Bertrand de Quiros * 1709-1710: Johann Wenzel von Gallas * 1710-1713: Frans Adolf of Sinzerling * 1713: Ludwig von Sinzendorf * 1713-1714: George of Tunderfeld * 1714-1723: Franz Sigismund of

* 1725-1728: Otto of Vehlen * 1728-1754: Wolfgang Willem of Bournonville

Namur

In Habsburg service: * 1429–1473:

Jean II de Croÿ Jean II de Croÿ (1390? – Valenciennes, 25 March 1473) was Count of Chimay and progenitor of the line of Croÿ-Solre. Jean belonged to the powerful House of Croÿ. Life Jean was the second surviving son of Jean I de Croÿ and Marie de Crao ...

, lord of Chimay * 1485–1???:

John III of Glymes John III, Lord of Bergen op Zoom or John III of Glymes (1452 – 1532, in Brussels) was a noble from the Low Countries. He was the son of John II of Glymes and Margaret of Rouveroy and succeeded his father as Lord of Bergen op Zoom. In 1494 he ...

,lord of Bergen op Zoom (fell into disgrace and had to resign) * 1503–1507:

William de Croÿ William II de Croÿ, Lord of Chièvres (1458 – 28 May 1521) (also known as: Guillaume II de Croÿ, sieur de Chièvres in French; Guillermo II de Croÿ, señor de Chièvres, Xevres or Xebres in Spanish; Willem II van Croÿ, heer van Chi� ...

, lord of Chièvres * 1509–1532:

, lord of Bergen op Zoom (restored to office) * 1532–1541:

Anthony of Glymes Anthony of Glymes or Anton van Bergen, Lord of Grimbergen, Count of Walhain (1500–1541) was the 1st Margrave of Bergen (op Zoom). Family Anthony was the son of John III of Glymes and a grandson of Guy of Brimeu. He was the uncle of Philip II ...

, marquess of Bergen op Zoom * 1541–1545: , lord of Werchin * 1553/4–1578:

Charles de Berlaymont Charles de Berlaymont (1510 in Berlaimont? – 1578 in Namur?) was a leading nobleman in the Low Countries in the 16th century. He was an important counselor of Margaret of Parma, Grand Huntsman of Brabant and generally sided with Spanish poli ...

, baron of Hierges * 1578–1579: Gilles van Berlaymont, lord of Hierges * 1579–1599?:

, count of Lalaing and Berlaymont * 1599–16??: Charles II of Egmont * 16??–16??: Albert François de Croÿ-Roeulx, count of MegenJean Coenen, ''Baanderheren, boeren en burgers'' (2004) 145.

Tournaisis

;In Habsburg service * 1555–1556: , lord of Werchin * 1559–1570?: Floris of Montmorency, baron of Montigny * 1581–1588?: Philippe de Récourt, baron de Licques (Liques), castellan of Lens, from 1574 to 1576 governor of Cambrésis ;In States-General service * 15??–1594?:

Pierre de Melun Pierre de Melun (died 1594), prince of Espinoy, marquis of Richebourg, baron of Antoing, etc., was a nobleman in the Low Countries during the Dutch Revolt who took the side of the rebels against Philip II of Spain. Life Melun was born in the fi ...

, grandson of Peter van Barbançon. During the Siege of Tournai (1581) his wife

Marie-Christine de Lalaing Marie-Christine de Lalaing, or Philippe-Christine de Lalaing, was the daughter of Count Charles II of Lalaing and Marie de Montmorency-Nivelle. She was married to Pierre de Melun, the governor of Tournai. In the absence of her husband, she defe ...

defended the city.

References

Bibliography

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Stadtholders of the Low Countries History of the Low Countries Lists of political office-holders in the Netherlands Political history of the Dutch Republic

Background

By county, duchy, and lordship

County of Artois

Duchy of Brabant

County of Drenthe

County of Flanders

Lordship of Frisia

Lordship of Groningen

Duchy of Guelders

Upper Guelders

County of Hainaut

County of Holland, Zeeland, and Utrecht

Duchy of Luxemburg

Lordship of Overijssel

Duchy of Limburg

Namur

Tournaisis

See also

References

Bibliography