This is a list of neurosteroids, or

natural Nature, in the broadest sense, is the physical world or universe. "Nature" can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The study of nature is a large, if not the only, part of science. Although humans are ...

and synthetic steroids that are active on the mammalian

nervous system In biology, the nervous system is the highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body. The nervous system detects environmental changes ...

through

receptor Receptor may refer to: * Sensory receptor, in physiology, any structure which, on receiving environmental stimuli, produces an informative nerve impulse *Receptor (biochemistry), in biochemistry, a protein molecule that receives and responds to a ...

s other than

steroid hormone receptor Steroid hormone receptors are found in the nucleus, cytosol, and also on the plasma membrane of target cells. They are generally intracellular receptors (typically cytoplasmic or nuclear) and initiate signal transduction for steroid hormones which ...

s. It includes

inhibitory An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is a kind of synaptic potential that makes a postsynaptic neuron less likely to generate an action potential.Purves et al. Neuroscience. 4th ed. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Incorporated; 2008. ...

excitatory In neuroscience, an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is a postsynaptic potential that makes the postsynaptic neuron more likely to fire an action potential. This temporary depolarization of postsynaptic membrane potential, caused by the ...

, and

neurotrophic Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are a family of biomolecules – nearly all of which are peptides or small proteins – that support the growth, survival, and differentiation of both developing and mature neurons. Most NTFs exert their tro ...

neurosteroids Neurosteroids, also known as neuroactive steroids, are endogenous or exogenous steroids that rapidly alter neuronal excitability through interaction with ligand-gated ion channels and other cell surface receptors. The term ''neurosteroid'' was coin ...

as well as

pheromone A pheromone () is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species. Pheromones are chemicals capable of acting like hormones outside the body of the secreting individual, to affect the behavio ...

s and vomeropherines. In contrast to

steroid hormone A steroid hormone is a steroid that acts as a hormone. Steroid hormones can be grouped into two classes: corticosteroids (typically made in the adrenal cortex, hence ''cortico-'') and sex steroids (typically made in the gonads or placenta). Withi ...

s, neurosteroids have rapid, non- genomic effects through interactions with

membrane steroid receptor Membrane steroid receptors (mSRs), also called extranuclear steroid receptors, are a class of cell surface receptors activated by endogenous steroids that mediate rapid, non-genomic signaling via modulation of intracellular signaling cascades. mSR ...

s and can quickly influence

central nervous system The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord. The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity of all p ...

function.

Inhibitory

Natural

Cholestanes

* 25-Hydroxycholesterol: cholest-5-en-3β,25-diol – NMDA receptor

negative allosteric modulator In pharmacology and biochemistry, allosteric modulators are a group of substances that bind to a receptor to change that receptor's response to stimulus. Some of them, like benzodiazepines, are drugs. The site that an allosteric modulator binds t ...

Androstanes

* 3α,5α-Androstanediol (3α-androstanediol): 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol – GABA_A receptor

positive allosteric modulator In pharmacology and biochemistry, allosteric modulators are a group of substances that bind to a receptor to change that receptor's response to stimulus. Some of them, like benzodiazepines, are drugs. The site that an allosteric modulator binds to ...

* 3α,5β-Androstanediol (etiocholanediol): 5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator *

3α-Androstenol Androstenol, also known as 5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol (shortened to 3α,5α-androstenol or 3α-androstenol), is a 16-androstene class steroidal pheromone and neurosteroid in humans and other mammals, notably pigs. It possesses a characteristic musk ...

: 5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator *

Androsterone Androsterone, or 3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one, is an endogenous steroid hormone, neurosteroid, and putative pheromone. It is a weak androgen with a potency that is approximately 1/7 that of testosterone. Androsterone is a metabolite of test ...

: 5α-androstan-3α-ol-17-one – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator *

Etiocholanolone Etiocholanolone, also known as 5β-androsterone, as well as 3α-hydroxy-5β-androstan-17-one or etiocholan-3α-ol-17-one, is an etiocholane (5β-androstane) steroid as well as an endogenous 17-ketosteroid that is produced from the metabolism of ...

: 5β-androstan-3α-ol-17-one – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator The following are proneurosteroids: *

Dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, 5α-DHT, androstanolone or stanolone) is an endogenous androgen sex steroid and hormone. The enzyme 5α-reductase catalyzes the formation of DHT from testosterone in certain tissues includ ...

(DHT; androstanolone, stanolone): 5α-androst-17β-ol-3-one – of the above-listed inhibitory androstane neurosteroids *

Testosterone Testosterone is the primary sex hormone and anabolic steroid in males. In humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testes and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristi ...

: androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one – of the above-listed inhibitory androstane neurosteroids

Pregnanes

* 3α-Dihydroprogesterone (3α-DHP): pregn-4-en-3α-ol-20-one – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator * 5α-Dihydroprogesterone (5α-DHP; allopregnanedione): 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator * 5β-Dihydroprogesterone (5β-DHP; pregnanedione): 5β-pregnane-3,20-dione – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator *

Allopregnanediol Allopregnanediol, or 5α-pregnane-3α,20α-diol, is an endogenous metabolite of progesterone and allopregnanolone and an isomer of pregnanediol (5β-pregnan-3α,20α-diol). It has been found to act like a partial agonist of an allosteric sit ...

: 5α-pregnane-3α,20α-diol – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator * Allopregnanolone ( brexanolone; SAGE-547): 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator *

Dihydrodeoxycorticosterone 5α-Dihydrodeoxycorticosterone (abbreviated as DHDOC), also known as 21-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one, is an endogenous progestogen and neurosteroid. It is synthesized from the adrenal hormone deoxycorticosterone (DOC) by the enzyme 5α-reducta ...

(DHDOC): 21-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator * Pregnanediol: 5β-pregnan-3α,20α-diol – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator * Pregnanolone (eltanolone): 5β-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator * Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC): 3α,21-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator The following are proneurosteroids: *

Deoxycorticosterone Deoxycorticosterone (DOC), or desoxycorticosterone, may refer to: * 11-Deoxycorticosterone (21-hydroxyprogesterone) * 21-Deoxycorticosterone (11β-hydroxyprogesterone) See also * Deoxycortisol * Deoxycortisone * 11-Hydroxyprogesterone {{Che ...

(desoxycortone): 21-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione – of DHDOC and THDOC *

Pregnenolone Pregnenolone (P5), or pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one, is an endogenous steroid and precursor/ metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of most of the steroid hormones, including the progestogens, androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, and mineraloc ...

(P5): pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one – of pregnanolones and pregnanediols (see above) * Progesterone (P4): pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione – of pregnanediones, pregnanolones, and pregnanediols (see above)

Synthetic

Cholestanes

* Acebrochol (cholesteryl acetate dibromide): 5α,6β-dibromocholestan-3β-ol 3β-acetate – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator

Pregnanes

* Alfadolone: 3α,21-dihydroxy-5α-pregnane-11,20-dione – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator * Alfadolone acetate: 3α,21-dihydroxy-5α-pregnane-11,20-dione 21-acetate – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator *

Alfaxalone Alfaxalone, also known as alphaxalone or alphaxolone and sold under the brand name Alfaxan, is a neuroactive steroid and general anesthetic which is used currently in veterinary practice as an induction agent for anesthesia and as an injectab ...

: 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnane-11,20-dione – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator * EIDD-036 (P4-20-O): 20-(hydroxyimino)pregn-4-en-3-one – progesterone-like inhibitory neurosteroid *

Ganaxolone Ganaxolone, sold under the brand name Ztalmy, is a medication used to treat seizures in people with cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder (CDD). Ganaxolone was approved for medical use in the United States in March 2022. ...

: 3β-methyl-5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator *

Hydroxydione Hydroxydione, as hydroxydione sodium succinate (, , ) (brand names Viadril, Predion, and Presuren), also known as 21-Hydroxy-5β-pregnane-3,20-dione, is a neuroactive steroid which was formerly used as a general anesthetic, but was discontinued ...

: 21-hydroxy-5β-pregnane-3,20-dione – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator *

Minaxolone Minaxolone (CCI-12923) is a neuroactive steroid which was developed as a general anesthetic but was withdrawn before registration due to toxicity seen with long-term administration in rats, and hence was never marketed. It is a positive alloster ...

: 11α-(dimethylamino)-2β-ethoxy-5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator * ORG-20599: 21-chloro-2β-morpholin-4-yl-5β-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator * ORG-21465: 2β-(2,2-dimethyl-4-morpholinyl)-3α-hydroxy-11,20-dioxo-5α-pregnan-21-yl methanesulfonate – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator * Posovolone (Co 134444): 3β-Hydroxy-21-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3α-(methoxymethyl)-5α-pregnan-20-one – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator *

Renanolone Renanolone ( INN), or 11-ketopregnanolone, also known as 5β-pregnan-3α-ol-11,20-dione, is a synthetic neuroactive steroid which is described as a general anesthetic but was never introduced for clinical use. Its isomers, alfaxolone and alfadolon ...

: 5β-pregnan-3α-ol-11,20-dione – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator * SGE-516 – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator * SGE-872 – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator * Zuranolone (SAGE-217): 3α-hydroxy-3β-methyl-21-(4-cyano-1H-pyrazol-1'-yl)-19-nor-5β-pregnan-20-one – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator The following are proneurosteroids: *

EIDD-1723 EIDD-1723, also known as EPRX-01723 or as progesterone 20''E''- phosphonooxy)methyl.html"_;"title="'O''-[(phosphonooxy)methyl">'O''-[(phosphonooxy)methylximesodium_salt,_is_a_synthetic_compound.html" "title="phosphonooxy)methylxime.html" ;"title ...

– of EIDD-036 (see above) * P1-185 – of progesterone and by extension pregnanediones, pregnanolones, and pregnanediols (see above) * Progesterone carboxymethyloxime (P4-3-CMO) – of progesterone and by extension pregnanediones, pregnanolones, and pregnanediols (see above)

Excitatory

Natural

Cholestanes

* Cerebrosterol (24(''S'')-Hydroxycholesterol): cholest-5-en-3β,24''S''-diol – NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator

Pregnanes

* 3β-Dihydroprogesterone (3β-DHP): pregn-4-en-3β-ol-20-one – GABA_A receptor negative allosteric modulator * Epipregnanolone: 5β-pregnan-3β-ol-20-one – GABA_A receptor negative allosteric modulator * Isopregnanolone (sepranolone): 5α-pregnan-3β-ol-20-one – GABA_A receptor negative allosteric modulator *

Pregnenolone sulfate Pregnenolone sulfate (PS, PREGS) is an endogenous excitatory neurosteroid that is synthesized from pregnenolone. It is known to have cognitive and memory-enhancing, antidepressant, anxiogenic, and proconvulsant effects. Biological activity Pr ...

(PS): pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one 3β-sulfate – GABA_A receptor negative allosteric modulator, NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator,

sigma-1 receptor The sigma-1 receptor (σ1R), one of two sigma receptor subtypes, is a chaperone protein at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that modulates calcium signaling through the IP3 receptor. In humans, the σ1 receptor is encoded by the ''SIGMAR1'' gen ...

agonist,

TRPM3 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRPM3'' gene. Function The product of this gene belongs to the family of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. TRP channels ...

agonist, other actions The following are proneurosteroids: *

(P5): pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one – of pregnenolone sulfate

Androstanes

Dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), also known as androstenolone, is an endogenous steroid hormone precursor. It is one of the most abundant circulating steroids in humans. DHEA is produced in the adrenal glands, the gonads, and the brain. It fun ...

(DHEA; prasterone): androst-5-en-3β-ol-17-one – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator, NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator, sigma-1 receptor agonist, other actions *

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, abbreviated as DHEA sulfate or DHEA-S, also known as androstenolone sulfate, is an endogenous androstane steroid that is produced by the adrenal cortex. It is the 3β-sulfate ester and a metabolite of dehydroepian ...

(DHEA-S; prasterone sulfate): androst-5-en-3β-ol-17-one 3β-sulfate – GABA_A receptor negative allosteric modulator, NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator, other actions

Synthetic

Androstanes

17-Phenylandrostenol 17-Phenylandrostenol (17-PA), or (3α,5α)-17-phenylandrost-16-en-3-ol, is a steroid drug which binds to GABAA receptors. It acts as an antagonist against the sedative effects of neuroactive steroids, but has little effect when administered ...

(17-PA): 17-phenyl-5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol – GABA_A receptor negative allosteric modulator * Golexanolone (GR-3027): 3α-ethynyl-3β-hydroxyandrostan-17''E''-one oxime – GABA_A receptor negative allosteric modulator

Others

* SAGE-201 -

oxysterol An oxysterol is a derivative of cholesterol obtained by oxidation involving enzymes and / or pro-oxidants. Such compounds play important roles in various biological processes such as cholesterol homeostasis, lipid metabolism (sphingolipids, fatty ...

/cholesterol analogue – NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator * SAGE-301 - oxysterol/cholesterol analogue – NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator * SAGE-718: oxysterol/cholesterol analogue; exact chemical structure undisclosed – NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator

Mixed

Natural

Cholestanes

Cholesterol Cholesterol is any of a class of certain organic molecules called lipids. It is a sterol (or modified steroid), a type of lipid. Cholesterol is biosynthesized by all animal cells and is an essential structural component of animal cell mem ...

: cholest-5-en-3β-ol – NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator, possible GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator, many other actions

Pregnanes

* Epipregnanolone sulfate: 5β-pregnan-3β-ol-20-one 3β-sulfate – GABA_A and NMDA receptor negative allosteric modulator, TRPM3 agonist

Neurotrophic

Natural

Androstanes

(DHEA; prasterone): androst-5-en-3β-ol-17-one –

TrkA Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), also known as high affinity nerve growth factor receptor, neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1, or TRK1-transforming tyrosine kinase protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NTRK1'' gen ...

TrkC Tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC), also known as NT-3 growth factor receptor, neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 3, or TrkC tyrosine kinase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NTRK3'' gene. TrkC is the high affinity catalyt ...

, and p75^NTR agonist,

TrkB Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), also known as tyrosine receptor kinase B, or BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor or neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NTRK2'' gene. TrkB is a recepto ...

ligand In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule ( functional group) that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex. The bonding with the metal generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's elec ...

(DHEA-S; prasterone sulfate): androst-5-en-3β-ol-17-one 3β-sulfate – TrkA and p75^NTR agonist

Ergostanes

* Anicequol (NGA0187, NGD-187): 16β-acetoxy-3β,7β,11β-trihydroxy-5α-ergost-22(''E'')-en-6-one – non- endogenous;

fungi A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from ...

-derived; undefined mechanism of action; shows neurotrophic activity ''in vitro''; was formerly under development for the treatment of

cognitive disorder Cognitive disorders (CDs), also known as neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), are a category of mental health disorders that primarily affect cognitive abilities including learning, memory, perception, and problem solving. Neurocognitive disorders i ...

Synthetic

Androstanes

BNN-20 BNN-20, also known as 17β-spiro-(androst-5-en-17,2'-oxiran)-3β-ol, is a synthetic neurosteroid, " microneurotrophin", and analogue of the endogenous neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). It acts as a selective, high- affinity, centrall ...

: 17β-spiro-(androst-5-en-17,2'-oxiran)-3β-ol – TrkA, TrkB, and p75^NTR agonist

Pregnanes

* BNN-27: 17α,20''R''-epoxypregn-5-ene-3β,21-diol – TrkA and p75^NTR agonist

Antineurotrophic

Natural

Androstanes

: androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one – TrkA and p75^NTR antagonist

Synthetic

Pregnanes

Dexamethasone Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid medication used to treat rheumatic problems, a number of skin diseases, severe allergies, asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, croup, brain swelling, eye pain following eye surgery, superior vena ...

: 9α-fluoro-11β,17α,21-trihydroxy-16α-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione – TrkA and p75^NTR antagonist

Pheromones and pherines

Natural

Androstanes

: 5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol * 3β-Androstenol: 5α-androst-16-en-3β-ol *

Androstadienol Androstadienol, or androsta-5,16-dien-3β-ol, is a 16-androstene class endogenous steroid, pheromone, and chemical intermediate to several other pheromones that is found in the sweat of both men and women. Androstadienol and androstadienone ...

: androsta-5,16-dien-3β-ol *

Androstadienone Androstadienone, or androsta-4,16-dien-3-one, is a 16-androstene class endogenous steroid that has been described as having potent pheromone-like activities in humans. The compound is synthesized from androstadienol by 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydr ...

: androsta-4,16-dien-3-one * Androstenone: 5α-androst-16-en-3-one *

: 5α-androstan-3α-ol-17-one

Estranes

Estratetraenol Estratetraenol, also known as estra-1,3,5(10),16-tetraen-3-ol, is an endogenous steroid found in women that has been described as having pheromone-like activities in primates, including humans. Estratetraenol is synthesized from androstadienone ...

: estra-1,3,5(10),16-tetraen-3-ol

Synthetic

Androstanes

* Fasedienol (Aloradine; PH94B; 4-androstadienol): androsta-4,16-dien-3β-ol

Estranes

* Estratetraenyl acetate (ETA): estra-1,3,5(10),16-tetraen-3-yl acetate

Pregnanes

* Pregnadienedione (PDD): pregna-4,20-dien-3,6-dione

Others

PH10 pH10 is an electronica jungle/drum n bass group currently based in Denver, Colorado and has been churning out records since the late 1990s. Most notably, pH10 was honored as the First Place winner of Jive Magazine's International Songwriting Compet ...

, PH15, PH30, PH56, PH78, PH84, Salubrin (PH80) – pherines with undefined structures developed by a company called Pherin Pharmaceuticals

Others

Natural

Pregnanes

(P5): pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one –

MAP2 Microtubule-associated protein 2 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the ''MAP2'' gene. Function This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the microtubule-associated protein family. The proteins of this family were originally isolated s ...

ligand * Progesterone (P4): pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione – sigma-1 receptor antagonist,

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, or nAChRs, are receptor polypeptides that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Nicotinic receptors also respond to drugs such as the agonist nicotine. They are found in the central and peripheral ner ...

negative allosteric modulator, MAP2 ligand, other actions

Spirostanes

* Caprospinol (SP-233; diosgenin 3-caproate): (22''R'',25''R'')-20α-spirost-5-en-3β-yl hexanoate –

β-amyloid Amyloid beta (Aβ or Abeta) denotes peptides of 36–43 amino acids that are the main component of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. The peptides derive from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which ...

ligand, sigma-1 receptor ligand, other actions; found naturally in ''

Gynura japonica ''Gynura'' is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae native to Asia. The best known species is ''Gynura aurantiaca ''Gynura aurantiaca'', called purple passion or velvet plant, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy f ...

''; under development as a

neuroprotective Neuroprotection refers to the relative preservation of neuronal structure and/or function. In the case of an ongoing insult (a neurodegenerative insult) the relative preservation of neuronal integrity implies a reduction in the rate of neuronal los ...

against Alzheimer's disease

Estranes

Estradiol Estradiol (E2), also spelled oestradiol, is an estrogen steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone. It is involved in the regulation of the estrous and menstrual female reproductive cycles. Estradiol is responsible for the development o ...

(E2): Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol; found to increase the expression of the

oxytocin receptor The oxytocin receptor, also known as OXTR, is a protein which functions as receptor for the hormone and neurotransmitter oxytocin. In humans, the oxytocin receptor is encoded by the ''OXTR'' gene which has been localized to human chromosome 3p25. ...

Synthetic

Pregnanes

* 3β-Methoxypregnenolone (MAP-4343): 3β-methoxypregn-5-en-20-one – MAP2 ligand *

Cyclopregnol Cyclopregnol (INN), also known as neurosterone, as well as 6β-hydroxy-3:5-cyclopregnan-20-one, is a synthetic pregnane steroid which was developed in the 1950s as a " psychotropic agent" for the treatment of mental disorders but was never mark ...

(neurosterone): 6β-hydroxy-3:5-cyclopregnan-20-one – undefined mechanism of action; developed as a " psychotropic agent" for the treatment of "

mental disorder A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitt ...

s" such as

schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by continuous or relapsing episodes of psychosis. Major symptoms include hallucinations (typically hearing voices), delusions, and disorganized thinking. Other symptoms include social wit ...

in the 1950s

Androstanes

Cetadiol Cetadiol, also known as androst-5-ene-3β,16α-diol, is a drug described as a " steroid tranquilizer" which was briefly investigated as a treatment for alcoholism in the 1950s. It is an androstane steroid and analogue of 5-androstenediol (andro ...

: androst-5-ene-3β,16α-diol – undefined mechanism of action; developed as a "

tranquilizer A tranquilizer is a drug that is designed for the treatment of anxiety, fear, tension, agitation, and disturbances of the mind, specifically to reduce states of anxiety and tension. Etymology Tranquilizer, as a term, was first used by F.F. Yonk ...

" and for the treatment of

alcoholism Alcoholism is, broadly, any drinking of alcohol that results in significant mental or physical health problems. Because there is disagreement on the definition of the word ''alcoholism'', it is not a recognized diagnostic entity. Predomi ...

in the 1950s

References

{{Pheromones and pherines Neurosteroids

Neuroactive steroids Neurosteroids, also known as neuroactive steroids, are endogenous or exogenous steroids that rapidly alter neuronal excitability through interaction with ligand-gated ion channels and other cell surface receptors. The term ''neurosteroid'' was coin ...