This bibliography of anthropology lists some notable publications in the field of

anthropology Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including past human species. Social anthropology studies patterns of behavi ...

, including its various subfields. It is not comprehensive and continues to be developed. It also includes a number of works that are not by anthropologists but are relevant to the field, such as literary theory, sociology, psychology, and philosophical anthropology. Anthropology is the study of

human Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, culture, ...

ity. Described as "the most humanistic of sciences and the most scientific of the humanities", it is considered to bridge the

natural science Natural science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. Mechanisms such as peer review and repeatab ...

social science Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology, the original "science of soc ...

s and

humanities Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture. In the Renaissance, the term contrasted with divinity and referred to what is now called classics, the main area of secular study in universities at the t ...

, and draws upon a wide range of related fields. In North America, anthropology is traditionally divided into four major subdisciplines:

biological anthropology Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is a scientific discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their extinct hominin ancestors, and related non-human primates, particularly from an e ...

sociocultural anthropology Sociocultural anthropology is a portmanteau used to refer to social anthropology and cultural anthropology together. It is one of the four main branches of anthropology. Sociocultural anthropologists focus on the study of society and culture, while ...

linguistic anthropology Linguistic anthropology is the Interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinary study of how language influences social life. It is a branch of anthropology that originated from the endeavor to document endangered languages and has grown over the past cen ...

and

archaeology Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscap ...

. Other academic traditions use less broad definitions, where one or more of these fields are considered separate, but related, disciplines.

Sociocultural anthropology

Chronological bibliography

From the beginnings to 1899

Georg Forster Johann George Adam Forster, also known as Georg Forster (, 27 November 1754 – 10 January 1794), was a German naturalist, ethnologist, travel writer, journalist and revolutionary. At an early age, he accompanied his father, Johann Reinhold F ...

, ''

A Voyage Round the World ''A Voyage Round the World'' (complete title ''A Voyage Round the World in His Britannic Majesty's Sloop, Resolution, Commanded by Capt. James Cook, During the Years 1772, 3, 4, and 5'') is Georg Forster's report on the second voyage of the B ...

'', 1777 *

Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant (, , ; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and ...

, ''

Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View ''Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View'' is a non-fiction book by German philosopher Immanuel Kant. The work was developed from lecture notes for a number of successful classes taught by Kant from 1772 to 1796 at the Albertus Universität ...

'', 1798 *

Jacob Burckhardt Carl Jacob Christoph Burckhardt (25 May 1818 – 8 August 1897) was a Swiss historian of art and culture and an influential figure in the historiography of both fields. He is known as one of the major progenitors of cultural history. Sigfri ...

, ''

The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy ''The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy'' (german: Die Cultur der Renaissance in Italien) is an 1860 work on the Italian Renaissance by Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt. Together with his ''History of the Renaissance in Italy'' (''Die Gesch ...

'', 1860 *

Johann Jakob Bachofen Johann Jakob Bachofen (22 December 1815 – 25 November 1887) was a Swiss antiquarian, jurist, philologist, anthropologist, and professor for Roman law at the University of Basel from 1841 to 1845. Bachofen is most often connected with h ...

, ''Myth, Religion, and Mother Right: Selected Writings of J.J. Bachofen'', 1861 (English translation: 1967) *

Edward Burnett Tylor Sir Edward Burnett Tylor (2 October 18322 January 1917) was an English anthropologist, and professor of anthropology. Tylor's ideas typify 19th-century cultural evolutionism. In his works '' Primitive Culture'' (1871) and ''Anthropology'' ...

, ''

Primitive Culture ''Primitive Culture'' is an 1871 book by Edward Burnett Tylor. In his book, Tylor debates the relationship between "primitive" societies, and "civilized" societies, a key theme in 19th century anthropological literature. Evolutionism Tylor's w ...

'', 1871 *

Lewis H. Morgan Lewis Henry Morgan (November 21, 1818 – December 17, 1881) was a pioneering American anthropologist and social theorist who worked as a railroad lawyer. He is best known for his work on kinship and social structure, his theories of social ev ...

, ''

Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family ''Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family'' is an 1871 book written by Lewis Henry Morgan (1818 - 1881) and published by the Smithsonian Institution. It is considered foundational for the discipline of anthropology and particularl ...

'' (1871), ''

Ancient Society ''Ancient Society'' is an 1877 book by the American anthropologist Lewis H. Morgan. Building on the data about kinship and social organization presented in his 1871 ''Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family'', Morgan develops h ...

'', 1877 *

John Wesley Powell John Wesley Powell (March 24, 1834 – September 23, 1902) was an American geologist, U.S. Army soldier, explorer of the American West, professor at Illinois Wesleyan University, and director of major scientific and cultural institutions. He ...

, ''The Arid Lands'' (originally published as ''Report on the Lands of the Arid Regions of the United States''), 1878 *

Adolf Bastian Adolf Philipp Wilhelm Bastian (26 June 18262 February 1905) was a 19th-century polymath best remembered for his contributions to the development of ethnography and the development of anthropology as a discipline. Modern psychology owes him a great ...

, ''Der Völkergedanke im Aufbau einer Wissenschaft vom Menschen'', 1881 (German; not yet translated into English) *

Friedrich Engels Friedrich Engels ( ,"Engels"
'' The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State ''The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State: in the Light of the Researches of Lewis H. Morgan'' (german: Der Ursprung der Familie, des Privateigenthums und des Staats) is an 1884 philosophical treatise by Friedrich Engels. It is p ...

'', 1884 *

Anténor Firmin Joseph Auguste Anténor Firmin (18 October 1850 – 19 September 1911), better known as Anténor Firmin, was a Haitian barrister and philosopher, pioneering anthropologist, journalist, and politician. Firmin is best known for his book ''De l'ég ...

, ''The Equality of the Human Races'', 1885 *

James George Frazer Sir James George Frazer (; 1 January 1854 – 7 May 1941) was a Scottish social anthropologist and folklorist influential in the early stages of the modern studies of mythology and comparative religion. Personal life He was born on 1 Janua ...

, ''

The Golden Bough ''The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion'' (retitled ''The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion'' in its second edition) is a wide-ranging, comparative study of mythology and religion, written by the Scottish anthropologist Sir ...

'', 1890 *

Edvard Westermarck Edvard Alexander Westermarck (Helsinki, 20 November 1862 – Tenala, 3 September 1939) was a Finnish philosopher and sociologist. Among other subjects, he studied exogamy and the incest taboo. Biography Westermarck was born in 1862 in a ...

, ''

The History of Human Marriage ''The History of Human Marriage'' is an 1891 book by the Finnish philosopher and anthropologist Edvard Westermarck that provides an overview of marriage over time. Blankenhorn 2007. pp. 9-10. The Finnish philosopher Jaakko Hintikka calls the work ...

'', 1891 *

James Mooney James Mooney (February 10, 1861 – December 22, 1921) was an American ethnographer who lived for several years among the Cherokee. Known as "The Indian Man", he conducted major studies of Southeastern Indians, as well as of tribes on the Gr ...

, ''The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890.'' US

Bureau of American Ethnology The Bureau of American Ethnology (or BAE, originally, Bureau of Ethnology) was established in 1879 by an act of Congress for the purpose of transferring archives, records and materials relating to the Indians of North America from the Interior D ...

, 1892-3 Annual Report, 2 vols., 1896.

1900s and 1910s

Henri Hubert Henri Hubert (23 June 1872 – 25 May 1927) was a French archaeologist and sociologist of comparative religion who is best known for his work on the Celts and his collaboration with Marcel Mauss and other members of the Année Sociologique. L ...

and

Marcel Mauss Marcel Mauss (; 10 May 1872 – 10 February 1950) was a French sociologist and anthropologist known as the "father of French ethnology". The nephew of Émile Durkheim, Mauss, in his academic work, crossed the boundaries between sociology and a ...

, ''A General Theory of Magic'', 1902 (republished by Mauss in 1950) *

Émile Durkheim David Émile Durkheim ( or ; 15 April 1858 – 15 November 1917) was a French sociologist. Durkheim formally established the academic discipline of sociology and is commonly cited as one of the principal architects of modern social science, al ...

, ''Primitive Classification'', 1903 *

Max Weber Maximilian Karl Emil Weber (; ; 21 April 186414 June 1920) was a German sociologist, historian, jurist and political economist, who is regarded as among the most important theorists of the development of modern Western society. His ideas profo ...

, ''

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism ''The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism'' (german: Die protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Kapitalismus) is a book written by Max Weber, a German sociologist, economist, and politician. Begun as a series of essays, the original ...

'', 1905 (English translation: 1930) *

Arnold van Gennep Arnold van Gennep, in full Charles-Arnold Kurr van Gennep (23 April 1873 – 7 May 1957) was a Dutch–German- French ethnographer and folklorist. Biography He was born in Ludwigsburg, in the Kingdom of Württemberg (since 1871, part of the Ger ...

, ''The Rites of Passage'', 1909 *

Lucien Lévy-Bruhl Lucien Lévy-Bruhl (10 April 1857 – 13 March 1939) was a French scholar trained in philosophy who furthered anthropology with his contributions to the budding fields of sociology and ethnology. His primary field interest was ways of thinking. ...

, ''How Natives Think'', 1910 *

Franz Boas Franz Uri Boas (July 9, 1858 – December 21, 1942) was a German-American anthropologist and a pioneer of modern anthropology who has been called the "Father of American Anthropology". His work is associated with the movements known as historical ...

, ''

The Mind of Primitive Man ''The Mind of Primitive Man'' is a 1911 book by anthropologist Franz Boas which takes a critical look at the concept of primitive culture.Boas, Franz (1911). ''The Mind of Primitive Man''. The Macmillan Company The work challenged widely held racis ...

'', 1911 *

Fritz Graebner Robert Fritz Graebner (4 March 1877, Berlin – 13 July 1934, Berlin) was a German geographer and ethnologist best known for his development of the theory of ''Kulturkreis'', or culture circle. He was the first theoretician of the ''Vienna School o ...

, ''Methode der Ethnologie'', 1911 (in German, not yet translated into English) * Émile Durkheim, ''

The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life ''The Elementary Forms of Religious Life'' (french: Les formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse), published by the French sociologist Émile Durkheim in 1912, is a book that analyzes religion as a social phenomenon. Durkheim attributes the deve ...

'', 1912 *

Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud ( , ; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating psychopathology, pathologies explained as originatin ...

, ''

Totem and Taboo ''Totem and Taboo: Resemblances Between the Mental Lives of Savages and Neurotics'', or ''Totem and Taboo: Some Points of Agreement between the Mental Lives of Savages and Neurotics'', (german: Totem und Tabu: Einige Übereinstimmungen im Seelenl ...

'', 1913 *

W. H. R. Rivers William Halse Rivers Rivers FRS FRAI ( – ) was an English anthropologist, neurologist, ethnologist and psychiatrist known for treatment of First World War officers suffering shell shock, so they could be returned to combat. Rivers' most f ...

, ''Kinship and Social Organisation'', 1914 * Max Weber, '' The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism'', 1915 (English translation: 1951)

1920s and 1930s

Bronisław Malinowski Bronisław Kasper Malinowski (; 7 April 1884 – 16 May 1942) was a Polish-British anthropologist and ethnologist whose writings on ethnography, social theory, and field research have exerted a lasting influence on the discipline of anthropol ...

, ''

Argonauts of the Western Pacific ''Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea'' is a 1922 ethnological work by Bronisław Malinowski, which has had enormous impact on the ethnographic genre. The bo ...

'', 1922 *

Alfred Radcliffe-Brown Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown, FBA (born Alfred Reginald Brown; 17 January 1881 – 24 October 1955) was an English social anthropologist who helped further develop the theory of structural functionalism. Biography Alfred Reginald Radcli ...

, ''The Andaman Islanders'', 1922 * W. H. R. Rivers, ''Medicine, Magic and Religion'', 1924 * Marcel Mauss, '' The Gift'', 1925 *

Maurice Halbwachs Maurice Halbwachs (; 11 March 1877 – 16 March 1945) was a French philosopher and sociologist known for developing the concept of collective memory. Halbwachs also contributed to the sociology of knowledge with his ''La Topographie Legendaire de ...

, ''On Collective Memory'', 1925 *

, ''Primitive Art'', 1927 * Bronisław Malinowski, ''

Sex and Repression in Savage Society ''Sex and Repression in Savage Society'' is a 1927 book by anthropologist Bronisław Malinowski. It is considered "a famous critique of psychoanalysis, arguing that the 'Oedipus complex' described by Freud is not universal."Connell, R. W. (200 ...

'', 1927 *

Margaret Mead Margaret Mead (December 16, 1901 – November 15, 1978) was an American cultural anthropologist who featured frequently as an author and speaker in the mass media during the 1960s and the 1970s. She earned her bachelor's degree at Barnard Co ...

, ''

Coming of Age in Samoa ''Coming of Age in Samoa: A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilisation'' is a 1928 book by American Anthropology, anthropologist Margaret Mead based upon her research and study of youth – primarily adolescent girls – on ...

'', 1928 * Franz Boas, ''Anthropology and Modern Life'', 1928 * Richard Thurnwald, ''Die menschliche Gesellschaft in ihren ethnosoziologischen Grundlagen'', 1931–35 (German; not yet translated into English) *

Ruth Benedict Ruth Fulton Benedict (June 5, 1887 – September 17, 1948) was an American anthropologist and folklorist. She was born in New York City, attended Vassar College, and graduated in 1909. After studying anthropology at the New School of Social Re ...

, ''Patterns of Culture'', 1934 *

Robert Lowie Robert Harry Lowie (born '; June 12, 1883 – September 21, 1957) was an Austrian-born American anthropologist. An expert on Indigenous peoples of the Americas, he was instrumental in the development of modern anthropology and has been described as ...

, ''The Crow Indians'', 1935 *

Zora Neale Hurston Zora Neale Hurston (January 7, 1891 – January 28, 1960) was an American author, anthropologist, and filmmaker. She portrayed racial struggles in the early-1900s American South and published research on Hoodoo (spirituality), hoodoo. The most ...

, ''

Mules and Men ''Mules and Men'' is a 1935 autoethnographical collection of African-American folklore collected and written by anthropologist Zora Neale Hurston. The book explores stories she collected in two trips: one in Eatonville and Polk County, Florida, an ...

'', 1935 * Bronisław Malinowski, '' Coral Gardens and Their Magic: A Study of the Methods of Tilling the Soil and of Agricultural Rites in the Trobriand Islands'', 1935 *

E. E. Evans-Pritchard Sir Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard, Kt FBA FRAI (21 September 1902 – 11 September 1973) was an English anthropologist who was instrumental in the development of social anthropology. He was Professor of Social Anthropology at the University ...

, ''Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande'', 1937 (abridged edition published in 1976) *

Leo Frobenius Leo Viktor Frobenius (29 June 1873 – 9 August 1938) was a German self-taught ethnologist and archaeologist and a major figure in German ethnography. Life He was born in Berlin as the son of a Prussian officer and died in Biganzolo, Lago Ma ...

, ''African Genesis: Folk Tales and Myths of Africa'', 1937 *

Johan Huizinga Johan Huizinga (; 7 December 1872 – 1 February 1945) was a Dutch historian and one of the founders of modern cultural history. Life Born in Groningen as the son of Dirk Huizinga, a professor of physiology, and Jacoba Tonkens, who died two y ...

, '' Homo Ludens: A Study of the Play-Element in Culture'', 1938 *

Jomo Kenyatta Jomo Kenyatta (22 August 1978) was a Kenyan anti-colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to his death in 1978. He was the country's first indigenous ...

, ''

Facing Mount Kenya ''Facing Mount Kenya'', first published in 1938, is an anthropological study of the Kikuyu people of central Kenya. It was written by native Kikuyu and future Kenyan president Jomo Kenyatta. Kenyatta writes in this text, "The cultural and histori ...

'', 1938 * Zora Neale Hurston, ''Tell My Horse'', 1938 * Wilhelm Schmidt, ''The Culture Historical Method of Ethnology'', 1939

1940s and 1950s

* Franz Boas, ''Race, Language and Culture'', 1940 * E. E. Evans-Pritchard, ''

The Nuer ''The Nuer: A Description of the Modes of Livelihood and Political Institutions of a Nilotic People'' is an ethnographical study by the British anthropologist E. E. Evans-Pritchard (1902–73) first published in 1940. The work examined the polit ...

'', 1940 *

Meyer Fortes Meyer Fortes FBA FRAI (25 April 1906 – 27 January 1983) was a South African-born anthropologist, best known for his work among the Tallensi and Ashanti in Ghana. Originally trained in psychology, Fortes employed the notion of the "person ...

and E. E. Evans-Pritchard, ''

African Political Systems ''African Political Systems'' is an academic anthology edited by the anthropologists Meyer Fortes and E. E. Evans-Pritchard which was published by Oxford University Press on the behalf of the International African Institute in 1940. The book contai ...

'', 1940 *

Melville J. Herskovits Melville Jean Herskovits (September 10, 1895 – February 25, 1963) was an American anthropologist who helped to first establish African and African Diaspora studies in American academia. He is known for exploring the cultural continuity from Afr ...

, ''The Myth of The Negro Past'', 1941 *

Karl Polanyi Karl Paul Polanyi (; hu, Polányi Károly ; 25 October 1886 – 23 April 1964),''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2003) vol 9. p. 554 was an Austro-Hungarian economic anthropologist and politician, best known ...

, '' The Great Transformation'', 1944 * Ruth Benedict, ''

The Chrysanthemum and the Sword ''The Chrysanthemum and the Sword: Patterns of Japanese Culture'' is a 1946 study of Japan by American anthropologist Ruth Benedict. It was written at the invitation of the U.S. Office of War Information, in order to understand and predict the b ...

'', 1946 *

Ernesto de Martino Ernesto de Martino (1 December 1908 – 9 May 1965) was an Italian anthropologist, philosopher and historian of religions. He studied with Benedetto Croce and Adolfo Omodeo, and did field research with Diego Carpitella into the funeral rituals o ...

, ''Il mondo magico: Prolegomeni allo studio del magismo'', 1948 *

Fei Xiaotong Fei Xiaotong or Fei Hsiao-tung (November 2, 1910 – April 24, 2005) was a Chinese anthropologist and sociologist. He was a pioneering researcher and professor of sociology and anthropology; he was also noted for his studies in the study o ...

, '' From the Soil: The Foundations of Chinese Society'', 1948 (English translation: 1992) *

Clyde Kluckhohn Clyde Kluckhohn (; January 11, 1905 in Le Mars, Iowa – July 28, 1960 near Santa Fe, New Mexico), was an American anthropologist and social theorist, best known for his long-term ethnographic work among the Navajo and his contributions to the de ...

, ''Mirror for Man: The Relation of Anthropology to Modern Life'', 1949 *

Tarak Chandra Das Tarak Chandra Das (1898–1964) was an anthropologist of Calcutta University. He did his Masters' from Calcutta University in ‘Ancient Indian History and Culture’ and joined the then newly founded Department of Anthropology at Calcutta Univer ...

, '' Bengal Famine(1943) : As Revealed in a Survey of the Destitutes in Calcutta'', 1949 *

Alfred L. Kroeber Alfred Louis Kroeber (June 11, 1876 – October 5, 1960) was an American cultural anthropologist. He received his PhD under Franz Boas at Columbia University in 1901, the first doctorate in anthropology awarded by Columbia. He was also the first ...

, ''The Nature of Culture'', 1952 *

Laura Bohannan Laura Bohannan (née Laura Marie Altman Smith), (1922 – March 19, 2002) pen name Elenore Smith Bowen, was an American cultural anthropologist best known for her 1966 article, "Shakespeare in the Bush." Bohannan also wrote two books during the ...

, ''Return to Laughter'', 1954 *

Edmund Leach Sir Edmund Ronald Leach FRAI FBA (7 November 1910 – 6 January 1989) was a British social anthropologist and academic. He served as provost of King's College, Cambridge from 1966 to 1979. He was also president of the Royal Anthropologi ...

, ''Political Systems of Highland Burma: A Study of Kachin Social Structure'', 1954 *

Claude Lévi-Strauss Claude Lévi-Strauss (, ; 28 November 1908 – 30 October 2009) was a French anthropologist and ethnologist whose work was key in the development of the theories of structuralism and structural anthropology. He held the chair of Social Anthro ...

, ''

Tristes Tropiques ''Tristes Tropiques'' (the French title translates literally as "Sad Tropics") is a memoir, first published in France in 1955, by the anthropologist and structuralist Claude Lévi-Strauss. It documents his travels and anthropological work, focus ...

'', 1955 *

Ralph Linton Ralph Linton (27 February 1893 – 24 December 1953) was an American anthropologist of the mid-20th century, particularly remembered for his texts ''The Study of Man'' (1936) and ''The Tree of Culture'' (1955). One of Linton's major contributio ...

, ''The Tree of Culture'', 1955 (posthumously) *

Julian Steward Julian Haynes Steward (January 31, 1902 – February 6, 1972) was an American anthropologist known best for his role in developing "the concept and method" of cultural ecology, as well as a scientific theory of culture change. Early life and edu ...

, ''Theory of Culture Change: The Methodology of Multilinear Evolution'', 1955 * E. E. Evans-Pritchard, ''Nuer Religion'', 1956 *

Georges Balandier Georges Balandier (21 December 1920 – 5 October 2016) was a French sociologist, anthropologist and ethnologist noted for his research in Sub-Saharan Africa. Balandier was born in Aillevillers-et-Lyaumont. He was a professor at the Sorbonne ( ...

, ''Ambiguous Africa: Cultures in Collision'', 1957 *

Richard Hoggart Herbert Richard Hoggart (24 September 1918 – 10 April 2014) was a British academic whose career covered the fields of sociology, English literature and cultural studies, with emphasis on British popular culture. Early life Hoggart was bor ...

, '' The Uses of Literacy: Aspects of Working-Class Life'', 1957 *

Leslie White Leslie Alvin White (January 19, 1900, Salida, Colorado – March 31, 1975, Lone Pine, California) was an American anthropologist known for his advocacy of the theories on cultural evolution, sociocultural evolution, and especially neoevoluti ...

, ''The Evolution of Culture: The Development of Civilization to the Fall of Rome'', 1959 * Claude Lévi-Strauss, ''Structural Anthropology'', 1958 *

Raymond Williams Raymond Henry Williams (31 August 1921 – 26 January 1988) was a Welsh socialist writer, academic, novelist and critic influential within the New Left and in wider culture. His writings on politics, culture, the media and literature contribu ...

, ''

Culture and Society ''Culture and Society'' is a book published in 1958 by Welsh progressive writer Raymond Williams, exploring how the notion of culture developed in Great Britain, from the eighteenth through the twentieth centuries. When first published, the book ...

'', 1958 *

Alfred Métraux Alfred Métraux (5 November 1902 – 12 April 1963) was a Swiss and Argentine anthropologist, ethnologist and human rights leader. Early life Born in Lausanne, Switzerland, Métraux spent much of his childhood in Argentina where his father was a ...

, ''Voodoo in Haiti'', 1958 *

Fredrik Barth Thomas Fredrik Weybye Barth (22 December 1928 – 24 January 2016) was a Norwegian social anthropologist who published several ethnographic books with a clear formalist view. He was a professor in the Department of Anthropology at Boston Unive ...

, ''Political Leadership Among Swat Pathans'', 1959 *

C. P. Snow Charles Percy Snow, Baron Snow, (15 October 1905 – 1 July 1980) was an English novelist and physical chemist who also served in several important positions in the British Civil Service and briefly in the UK government.''The Columbia Encyclope ...

, ''

The Two Cultures "The Two Cultures" is the first part of an influential 1959 Rede Lecture by United Kingdom, British scientist and novelist C. P. Snow which were published in book form as ''The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution'' the same year. Its the ...

'', 1959

1960s and 1970s

* R. G. Lienhardt, ''Divinity and Experience: the Religion of the Dinka'', 1961 * Robert Lowie, ''Empathy: Or 'Seeing from Within, 1960 *

Frantz Fanon Frantz Omar Fanon (, ; ; 20 July 1925 – 6 December 1961), also known as Ibrahim Frantz Fanon, was a French West Indian psychiatrist, and political philosopher from the French colony of Martinique (today a French department). His works have be ...

, ''

The Wretched of the Earth ''The Wretched of the Earth'' (french: Les Damnés de la Terre) is a 1961 book by the philosopher Frantz Fanon, in which the author provides a psychoanalysis of the dehumanizing effects of colonization upon the individual and the nation, and dis ...

'', 1961 (English translation: 1963) *

Colin Turnbull Colin Macmillan Turnbull (November 23, 1924 – July 28, 1994) was a British-American anthropologist who came to public attention with the popular books '' The Forest People'' (on the Mbuti Pygmies of Zaire) and '' The Mountain People'' (on the ...

, ''

The Forest People ''The Forest People'' (1961) is Colin Turnbull's ethnographic study of the Mbuti pygmies of the Uturi Forest in then-Belgian Congo. In this book, the British-American anthropologist detailed his three years spent with the community in the late ...

'', 1961 * Claude Lévi-Strauss, ''

The Savage Mind ''The Savage Mind'' (french: La Pensée sauvage), also translated as ''Wild Thought'', is a 1962 work of structural anthropology by the anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss. Summary "The Savage Mind" Lévi-Strauss makes clear that "''la pens ...

'', 1962 (English translation: 1966) *

Clifford Geertz Clifford James Geertz (; August 23, 1926 – October 30, 2006) was an American anthropologist who is remembered mostly for his strong support for and influence on the practice of symbolic anthropology and who was considered "for three decades. ...

, '' Agricultural Involution: The Processes of Ecological Change in Indonesia'', 1963 *

Peter Worsley Peter Maurice Worsley (6 May 1924 – 15 March 2013) was a noted British sociologist and social anthropologist. He was a major figure in both anthropology and sociology, and is noted for introducing the term ''Third World'' into English. H ...

, ''The Third World'', 1964 *

Max Gluckman Herman Max Gluckman (; 26 January 1911 – 13 April 1975) was a South African and British social anthropologist. He is best known as the founder of the Manchester School of anthropology. Biography and major works Gluckman was born in Johan ...

, ''Politics, Law and Ritual in Tribal Society'', 1965 *

Mary Douglas Dame Mary Douglas, (25 March 1921 – 16 May 2007) was a British anthropologist, known for her writings on human culture and symbolism, whose area of speciality was social anthropology. Douglas was considered a follower of Émile Durkhei ...

, '' Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo'', 1966 *

Louis Dumont Louis Charles Jean Dumont (11 August 1911 – 19 November 1998) was a French anthropologist. Dumont was born in Thessaloniki, in the Salonica Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. He taught at Oxford University during the 1950s, and was then dire ...

, ''

Homo Hierarchicus ''Homo Hierarchicus: Essai sur le système des castes'' (1966) is Louis Dumont's treatise on the Indian caste system. It analyses the caste hierarchy and the ascendancy tendency of the lower castes to follow the habits of the higher castes. This c ...

'', 1966 *

George Devereux Georges Devereux (born György Dobó; 13 September 1908 – 28 May 1985) was a Hungarian- French ethnologist and psychoanalyst, often considered the founder of ethnopsychiatry.

, ''From Anxiety to Method in the Behavioral Sciences'', 1967 *

Victor Turner Victor Witter Turner (28 May 1920 – 18 December 1983) was a British cultural anthropologist best known for his work on symbols, rituals, and rites of passage. His work, along with that of Clifford Geertz and others, is often referred to as ...

, ''The Forest of Symbols'', 1967 *

Napoleon Chagnon Napoleon Alphonseau Chagnon (27 August 1938 – 21 September 2019) was an American cultural anthropologist, professor of sociocultural anthropology at the University of Missouri in Columbia and member of the National Academy of Sciences. Chagn ...

, ''Yanomamö: The Fierce People'', 1968 *

Joseph Campbell Joseph John Campbell (March 26, 1904 – October 30, 1987) was an American writer. He was a professor of literature at Sarah Lawrence College who worked in comparative mythology and comparative religion. His work covers many aspects of the ...

, ''

The Flight of the Wild Gander ''The Flight of the Wild Gander: Explorations in the Mythological Dimension'' is a 1969 book by mythologist Joseph Campbell, in which he collects a number of his early essays and forwards. Essays include "Bios and Mythos" (on the psycho-biologica ...

'', 1968 * Fredrik Barth, ''Ethnic Groups and Boundaries'', 1969 * Victor Turner, ''The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure'', 1969 * Mary Douglas, '' Natural Symbols'', 1970 *

Gregory Bateson Gregory Bateson (9 May 1904 – 4 July 1980) was an English anthropologist, social scientist, linguist, visual anthropologist, semiotician, and cyberneticist whose work intersected that of many other fields. His writings include '' Steps to an ...

, ''

Steps to an Ecology of Mind ''Steps to an Ecology of Mind'' is a collection of Gregory Bateson's short works over his long and varied career. Subject matter includes essays on anthropology, cybernetics, psychiatry, and epistemology. It was originally published by Chandler ...

'', 1972 * H. R. Bernard and P. J. Pelto, ''Technology and Social Change'', 1972 *

Pierre Bourdieu Pierre Bourdieu (; 1 August 1930 – 23 January 2002) was a French sociologist and public intellectual. Bourdieu's contributions to the sociology of education, the theory of sociology, and sociology of aesthetics have achieved wide influence i ...

, ''Outline of a Theory of Practice'', 1972 *

, ''

The Interpretation of Cultures ''The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays'' is a 1973 book by the American anthropologist Clifford Geertz. The book was listed in the ''Times Literary Supplement'' as one of the 100 most important publications since World War Two. Backgr ...

'', 1973 (including " Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight") *

Ernest Becker Ernest Becker (September 27, 1924 – March 6, 1974) was an American cultural anthropologist and author of the 1974 Pulitzer Prize-winning book, '' The Denial of Death''. Biography Early life Ernest Becker was born in Springfield, Massachuset ...

, ''

The Denial of Death ''The Denial of Death'' is a 1973 book by American cultural anthropologist Ernest Becker. The author builds on the works of Søren Kierkegaard, Sigmund Freud, Norman O. Brown, and Otto Rank to discuss the psychological and philosophical implicat ...

'', 1973 *

Giulio Angioni Giulio Angioni (28 October 1939 – 12 January 2017) was an Italian writer and anthropologist. Biography Angioni was a leading Italian anthropologist, professor at the University of Cagliari and fellow of St Antony's College of the University o ...

, ''Tre saggi sull'antropologia dell'età coloniale'', 1973 *

Talal Asad Talal Asad (born 1932) is a Saudi-born cultural anthropologist who is currently a professor of anthropology at the City University of New York Graduate Center. His prolific body of work mainly focuses on religiosity, Middle Eastern studies, po ...

, ''Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter'', 1973 *

Marshall Sahlins Marshall David Sahlins ( ; December 27, 1930April 5, 2021) was an American cultural anthropologist best known for his ethnographic work in the Pacific and for his contributions to anthropological theory. He was the Charles F. Grey Distinguished ...

, ''Stone Age Economics'', 1974 *

Pierre Clastres Pierre Clastres (; 17 May 1934 – 29 July 1977) was a French anthropologist, ethnographer, and ethnologist. He is best known for his contributions to the field of political anthropology, with his fieldwork among the Guayaki in Paraguay and his ...

, ''

Society Against the State ''Society Against the State'' (french: La Société contre l'État) is a 1974 ethnography of power relations in South American rainforest native cultures written by anthropologist Pierre Clastres and best known for its thesis that tribal societ ...

'', 1974 * John W. Cole and Eric Wolf, '' The Hidden Frontier: Ecology and Ethnicity in an Alpine Valley'', 1974 (republished in 1999 with a new introduction by Eric Wolf) *

Henri Lefebvre Henri Lefebvre ( , ; 16 June 1901 – 29 June 1991) was a French Marxist philosopher and sociologist, best known for pioneering the critique of everyday life, for introducing the concepts of the right to the city and the production of so ...

, ''The Production of Space'', 1974 (English translation: 1991) *

Claude Meillassoux Claude Meillassoux (; ; December 26, 1925 – January 3, 2005) was a French neo-Marxist economic anthropologist and Africanist. A student of Georges Balandier, he did fieldwork among the Guro (''Gouro'') of Côte d'Ivoire; his thesis was publis ...

, ''Maidens, Meal and Money: Capitalism and the Domestic Community'', 1975 (English translation: 1981) *

Michel de Certeau Michel de Certeau (; 17 May 1925 – 9 January 1986) was a French Jesuit priest and scholar whose work combined history, psychoanalysis, philosophy, and the social sciences as well as hermeneutics, semiotics, ethnology, and religion. He was know ...

, ''The Writing of History'', 1975 (English translation: 1988) *

Cornelius Castoriadis Cornelius Castoriadis ( el, Κορνήλιος Καστοριάδης; 11 March 1922 – 26 December 1997) was a Greek-FrenchMemos 2014, p. 18: "he was ... granted full French citizenship in 1970." philosopher, social critic, economist, p ...

, ''The Imaginary Institution of Society'', 1975 *

Roy Wagner Roy Wagner (October 2, 1938 – September 10, 2018) was an American cultural anthropologist who specialized in symbolic anthropology. Background Wagner received a B.A. in Medieval History from Harvard University (1961), and a Ph.D. in anthropol ...

, ''The Invention of Culture'', 1975 *

Edward T. Hall Edward Twitchell Hall, Jr. (May 16, 1914 – July 20, 2009) was an American anthropologist and cross-cultural researcher. He is remembered for developing the concept of proxemics and exploring cultural and social cohesion, and describing how ...

, ''

Beyond Culture ''Beyond Culture'' is a 1976 book by the American anthropologist Edward T. Hall. High vs. low context culture Extension transference Notes External links * The Grip of Culture: Edward T. Hall' - a faithful synopsis by Sergio Miss ...

'', 1976 * Marshall Sahlins, ''Culture and Practical Reason'', 1976 * Giulio Angioni, ''Sa laurera: il lavoro contadino in Sardegna'', 1976 *

Marvin Harris Marvin Harris (August 18, 1927 – October 25, 2001) was an American anthropologist. He was born in Brooklyn, New York City. A prolific writer, he was highly influential in the development of cultural materialism and environmental determinism. ...

, ''

Cannibals and Kings ''Cannibals and Kings'' (1977, ) is a book written by anthropologist Marvin Harris. The book presents a systematic discussion of ideas about the reasons for a culture making a transition by stages from egalitarian hunter-gatherer to hierarchicall ...

'', 1977 *

Jack Goody Sir John Rankine Goody (1919–2015) was an English social anthropologist. He was a prominent lecturer at Cambridge University, and was William Wyse Professor of Social Anthropology from 1973 to 1984. Among his main publications were ''Death, ...

, ''The Domestication of the Savage Mind'', 1977 *

Jeanne Favret-Saada Jeanne Favret-Saada, born in 1934 in Tunisia, is a French ethnologist. Biography Favret-Saada was born in the Jewish community of Sfax in southern Tunisia. She studied philosophy in Paris, and then taught at the University of Algiers from 195 ...

, ''Les Mots, la mort, les sorts : la sorcellerie dans le bocage'', 1977 (''Deadly Words: Witchcraft in the Bocage'', 1980) *

Paul Rabinow Paul M. Rabinow (June 21, 1944 – April 6, 2021) was professor of anthropology at the University of California (Berkeley), director of the Anthropology of the Contemporary Research Collaboratory (ARC), and former director of human practices f ...

, ''Reflections on Fieldwork in Morocco'', 1977 *

Hans Peter Duerr Hans Peter Duerr (born 6 June 1943) is a German anthropologist and author of ten books on anthropology. Duerr studied at both the University of Vienna and the University of Heidelberg, eventually gaining his doctorate in 1971 with a dissertatio ...

, '' Dreamtime: Concerning the Boundary between Wilderness and Civilization'' *

Edward Said Edward Wadie Said (; , ; 1 November 1935 – 24 September 2003) was a Palestinian-American professor of literature at Columbia University, a public intellectual, and a founder of the academic field of postcolonial studies.Robert Young, ''White ...

, ''

Orientalism In art history, literature and cultural studies, Orientalism is the imitation or depiction of aspects in the Eastern world. These depictions are usually done by writers, designers, and artists from the Western world. In particular, Orientalist p ...

'', 1978 * Marvin Harris, ''Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture'', 1979 *

Bruno Latour Bruno Latour (; 22 June 1947 – 9 October 2022) was a French philosopher, anthropologist and sociologist.Wheeler, Will. ''Bruno Latour: Documenting Human and Nonhuman Associations'' Critical Theory for Library and Information Science. Libraries ...

and

Steve Woolgar Stephen William Woolgar (born 14 February 1950) is a British sociologist. He has worked closely with Bruno Latour, with whom he wrote '' Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts'' (1979). Education Stephen Woolgar holds a BA (Fi ...

, ''

Laboratory Life ''Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts'' is a 1979 book by sociologists of science Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar. This influential book in the field of science studies presents an anthropological study of Roger Guillemin's sc ...

'', 1979

1980s

Steven Feld Steven Feld (born August 20, 1949) is an American ethnomusicologist, anthropologist, and linguist, who worked for many years with the Kaluli ( Bosavi) people of Papua New Guinea. He earned a MacArthur Fellowship in 1991. Early life Feld was born ...

, ''Sound and Sentiment: Birds, Weepings, Poetics and Sound in Kaluli Expression'', 1982 *

Michelle Rosaldo Michelle "Shelly" Zimbalist Rosaldo (1944 in New York City – 1981 in Philippines) was a social, linguistic, and psychological anthropologist famous for her studies of the Ilongot people in the Philippines and for her pioneering role in women's ...

, ''Knowledge and Passion: Notions of Self and Society among the Ilongot'', 1980 *

Lila Abu-Lughod Lila Abu-Lughod (born 1952) is a Palestinian-American anthropologist. She is the Joseph L. Buttenweiser Professor of Social Science in the Department of Anthropology at Columbia University in New York City. She specializes in ethnographic resea ...

, ''Veiled Sentiments'', 1986 *

Ulf Hannerz Ulf Hannerz, (born June 9, 1942, in Malmö) is a Swedish anthropologist. He is currently an emeritus professor of social anthropology at Stockholm University.

, ''Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Urban Anthropology'', 1980 *

George Lakoff George Philip Lakoff (; born May 24, 1941) is an American cognitive linguistics, cognitive linguist and philosopher, best known for his thesis that people's lives are significantly influenced by the conceptual metaphors they use to explain comple ...

and Mark Johnson, ''Metaphors We Live By'', 1980 * Eric Wolf, ''

Europe and the People Without History ''Europe and the People Without History'' is a book by anthropologist Eric Wolf. First published in 1982, it focuses on the expansion of European societies in the modern era. "Europe and the people without history" is history written on a glo ...

'', 1982 *

Maurice Godelier Maurice Godelier (born February 28, 1934) is a French anthropologist who works as a Director of Studies at the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences. He is one of the most influential French anthropologists and is best known as one o ...

, ''The Making of Great Men'', 1982 * Nigel Barley, ''The Innocent Anthropologist: Notes From a Mud Hut'', 1983 *

Benedict Anderson Benedict Richard O'Gorman Anderson (August 26, 1936 – December 13, 2015) was an Anglo-Irish political scientist and historian who lived and taught in the United States. Anderson is best known for his 1983 book '' Imagined Communities'', which e ...

, '' Imagined Communities'', 1983 *

Eric Hobsbawm Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm (; 9 June 1917 – 1 October 2012) was a British historian of the rise of industrial capitalism, socialism and nationalism. A life-long Marxist, his socio-political convictions influenced the character of his work. H ...

and

Terence Ranger Terence "Terry" Osborn Ranger (29 November 1929 – 3 January 2015) was a prominent British Africanist, best known as a historian of Zimbabwe. Part of the post-colonial generation of historians, his work spanned the pre- and post-Independence ...

(editors), ''The Invention of Tradition'', 1983 *

Johannes Fabian Johannes Fabian (born 19 May 1937) is an emeritus professor of Anthropology at the University of Amsterdam. His ethnographic and historical research focuses on religious movements, language, work, and popular culture in the Shaba mining region of Z ...

, ''Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes Its Object'', 1983 * Louis Dumont, ''Essays on Individualism: Modern Ideology in Anthropological Perspective'', 1983 *

, ''Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology'', 1983 *

Ernest Gellner Ernest André Gellner FRAI (9 December 1925 – 5 November 1995) was a British-Czech philosopher and social anthropologist described by ''The Daily Telegraph'', when he died, as one of the world's most vigorous intellectuals, and by ''The Ind ...

, '' Nations and Nationalism'', 1983 * Jack Goody, ''The Development of the Family and Marriage in Europe'', 1983 * Maurice Godelier, ''The Mental and the Material'', 1984 *

Sidney Mintz Sidney Wilfred Mintz (November 16, 1922 – December 27, 2015) was an American Anthropology, anthropologist best known for his studies of the Caribbean, creolization, and the anthropology of food. Mintz received his PhD at Columbia University in ...

, ''Sweetness and Power'', 1985 * James Clifford and George Marcus (editors), ''Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography'', 1986 *

Philippe Descola Philippe Descola, FBA (born 19 June 1949) is a French anthropologist noted for studies of the Achuar, one of several Jivaroan peoples, and for his contributions to anthropological theory. Background Descola started with an interest in philoso ...

, ''La Nature domestique : symbolisme et praxis dans l'écologie des Achuar'', 1986 *

, ''Works and Lives: The Anthropologist as Author'', 1988 *

Samir Amin Samir Amin ( ar, سمير أمين) (3 September 1931 – 12 August 2018) was an Egyptian-French Marxian economist, political scientist and world-systems analyst. He is noted for his introduction of the term Eurocentrism in 1988 and considered ...

, ''Eurocentrism'', 1988 *

David Kertzer David Israel Kertzer (born February 20, 1948) is an American anthropologist, historian, and academic, specializing in the political, demographic, and religious history of Italy. He is the Paul Dupee, Jr. University Professor of Social Science, ...

, ''Ritual, Politics, and Power'', 1988 * James Clifford, ''The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-Century Ethnography, Literature, and Art'', 1988 *

Bruce Kapferer Bruce Kapferer (born 1940 in Sydney) is an Australian anthropologist. He is best known for his work on Sri Lanka, Australia and Zambia. He has been at the forefront of anthropological debate for over three decades. He was honoured with Huxley ...

, '' Legends of People, Myths of State'', 1988 *

Adam Kuper Adam Jonathan Kuper (born 29 December 1941) is a South African anthropologist most closely linked to the school of social anthropology. In his works, he often treats the notion of "culture" skeptically, focusing as much on how it is used as on ...

, ''The Invention of Primitive Society: Transformations of an Illusion'', 1988 (republished as an expanded and revised new edition, entitled ''The Reinvention of Primitive Society: Transformations of a Myth'' in 2005) *

Marilyn Strathern Dame Ann Marilyn Strathern, Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, DBE, Fellow of the British Academy, FBA (née Evans; born 6 March 1941) is a Great Britain, British anthropology, anthropologist, who has worked lar ...

, ''The Gender of the Gift: Problems with Women and Problems with Society in Melanesia'', 1988 * Brackette F. Williams, "A Class Act: Anthropology and the Race to Nation Across Ethnic Terrain", 1989

1990s

James Ferguson James Ferguson may refer to: Entertainment * Jim Ferguson (born 1948), American jazz and classical guitarist * Jim Ferguson, American guitarist, past member of Lotion * Jim Ferguson, American movie critic, Board of Directors member for the Broadca ...

, ''The Anti-Politics Machine: "Development", Depoliticization and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho'', 1990 *

Judith Butler Judith Pamela Butler (born February 24, 1956) is an American philosopher and gender theorist whose work has influenced political philosophy, ethics, and the fields of third-wave feminism, queer theory, and literary theory. In 1993, Butler ...

, ''

Gender Trouble ''Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity'' (1990; second edition 1999) is a book by the philosopher Judith Butler in which the author argues that gender is a kind of improvised performance. Summary Butler criticizes one of t ...

'', 1990 *

Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah (16 January 1929 – 19 January 2014) was a social anthropologist and Esther and Sidney Rabb Professor ''(Emeritus)'' of Anthropology at Harvard University. He specialised in studies of Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Tamils, a ...

, ''Magic, Science and Religion and the Scope of Rationality'', 1990 * Bruno Latour, ''

We Have Never Been Modern ''We Have Never Been Modern'' is a 1991 book by Bruno Latour, originally published in French as ''Nous n'avons jamais été modernes : Essai d'anthropologie symétrique'' (English translation: 1993). Content The book is an "anthropology of scien ...

'', 1991 (English translation: 1993) *

Donna Haraway Donna J. Haraway is an American Professor Emerita in the History of Consciousness Department and Feminist Studies Department at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and a prominent scholar in the field of science and technology studies. Sh ...

, ''Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature'', 1991 * Donald Brown, ''

Human Universals A cultural universal (also called an anthropological universal or human universal) is an element, pattern, trait, or institution that is common to all known human cultures worldwide. Taken together, the whole body of cultural universals is known ...

'', 1991 *

Helena Norberg-Hodge Helena Norberg-Hodge is founder and director of Local Futures, previously known as the International Society for Ecology and Culture (ISEC). Local Futures is a non-profit organization "dedicated to the revitalization of cultural and biological ...

, '' Ancient Futures: Learning from Ladakh'', 1991 * Sharlotte Neely, ''Snowbird Cherokees '', 1991 *

Jan Assmann Jan Assmann (born Johann Christoph Assmann; born 7 July 1938) is a German Egyptologist. Life and works Assmann studied Egyptology and classical archaeology in Munich, Heidelberg, Paris, and Göttingen. In 1966–67, he was a fellow of the German ...

, ''Cultural Memory and Early Civilization: Writing, Remembrance, and Political Imagination'', 1992 (English translation: 2011) *

Marc Augé Marc Augé (born September 2, 1935 in Poitiers) is a French anthropologist. In an essay and book of the same title, ''Non-Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity'' (1995), Marc Augé coined the phrase "non-place" to refer to spa ...

, ''Non-Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity'', 1992 *

Maurice Bloch Maurice Émile Félix Bloch (born 21 October 1939 in Caen, Calvados, France) is a British anthropologist. He is famous for his fieldwork on the shift of agriculturalists in Madagascar, Japan and other parts of the world, and has also contribut ...

, ''Prey into Hunter: The Politics of Religious Experience'', 1992 *

Eduardo Viveiros de Castro Eduardo Batalha Viveiros de Castro (born 1951) is a Brazilian anthropologist and a professor at the National Museum of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. He has published many books and articles which are considered important in anthropol ...

, ''From the Enemy's Point of View: Humanity and Divinity in an Amazonian Society'', 1992 * Jeremy Coote and A. Shelton (eds), ''Anthropology, Art and Esthetics'', 1992 * Mary Douglas, '' Risk and Blame: Essays in Cultural Theory'', 1992 * Annette B. Weiner, '' Inalienable Possessions: The Paradox of Keeping-While-Giving'', 1992. *

Michael Taussig Michael T. Taussig (born 3 April 1940 in Sydney) is an Australian anthropologist and professor at Columbia University. He is best known for his engagement with Karl Marx, Marx's idea of commodity fetishism, especially in terms of the work of Walt ...

, ''Mimesis and Alterity: A Particular History of the Senses'', 1993 * Fredrik Barth, ''Balinese Worlds'', 1993 *

Homi K. Bhabha Homi Kharshedji Bhabha (; born 1 November 1949) is an Indian-British scholar and critical theorist. He is the Anne F. Rothenberg Professor of the Humanities at Harvard University. He is one of the most important figures in contemporary post ...

, ''The Location of Culture'', 1994 *

Bernard Stiegler Bernard Stiegler (; 1 April 1952 – 5 August 2020) was a French philosopher. He was head of the Institut de recherche et d'innovation (IRI), which he founded in 2006 at the Centre Georges-Pompidou. He was also the founder in 2005 of the politi ...

, ''Technics and Time'' *

Michel-Rolph Trouillot Michel-Rolph Trouillot (November 26, 1949 – July 5, 2012; PhD, Johns Hopkins 1985) was a Haitian American academic and anthropologist. He was Professor of Anthropology and of Social Sciences at the University of Chicago. He was best known for ...

, ''Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History'', 1995 * John Brockman, ''

The Third Culture ''The Third Culture: Beyond the Scientific Revolution'' is a 1995 book by John Brockman which discusses the work of several well-known scientists who are directly communicating their new, sometimes provocative, ideas to the general public. John ...

'', 1995 *

Raymond Firth Sir Raymond William Firth (25 March 1901 – 22 February 2002) was an ethnologist from New Zealand. As a result of Firth's ethnographic work, actual behaviour of societies (social organization) is separated from the idealized rules of behaviou ...

, ''Religion: A Humanist Interpretation'', 1996 * Jack Goody, ''The East in the West'', 1996 * Italo Pardo, ''Managing Existence in Naples: Morality, Action and Structure'', 1996 *

Hugh Gusterson Hugh Gusterson is an anthropologist at the University of British Columbia and George Washington University. His work focuses on nuclear culture, international security and the anthropology of science. His articles have appeared in the LA Time ...

, ''Nuclear Rites: a Weapons Laboratory at the End of the Cold War'', 1996 *

Arjun Appadurai Arjun Appadurai (born 1949) is an Indian-American anthropologist recognized as a major theorist in globalization studies. In his anthropological work, he discusses the importance of the modernity of nation states and globalization. He is the fo ...

, ''Modernity at Large'', 1996 *

Anne Fadiman Anne Fadiman (born August 7, 1953) is an American essayist and reporter. Her interests include literary journalism, essays, memoir, and autobiography. She has received the National Book Critics Circle Award, the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for ...

, ''

The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down ''The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures'' is a 1997 book by Anne Fadiman that chronicles the struggles of a Hmong refugee family from Houaysouy, Sainyabuli Province, Laos ...

'', 1997 * James Clifford, ''Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century'', 1997 *

Akhil Gupta Akhil Gupta (born 1959) is an Indian- American anthropologist whose research focuses on the anthropology of the state, development, as well as on postcolonialism. He is currently Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Los Ange ...

and James Ferguson, ''Anthropological Locations: Boundaries and Grounds of a Field Science'', 1997 *

Jeremy Narby Jeremy Narby (born 1959 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian anthropologist and author. In his books, Narby examines shamanism, molecular biology, and shamans' knowledge of botanics and biology through the use of entheogens across many cultures ...

, '' The Cosmic Serpent: DNA and the Origins of Knowledge'', 1998 * Stefan Helmreich, ''Silicon Second Nature: Culturing Artificial Life in a Digital World'', 1998 *

Aihwa Ong Aihwa Ong (; born February 1, 1950) is Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley, a member of the Science Council of the International Panel on Social Progress, and a former recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship for the s ...

, ''Flexible Citizenship: The Cultural Logics of Transnationality'', 1999

2000s

* Sally Merry, ''Colonizing Hawai'i: The cultural power of law'', 2000 * Clifford Geertz, ''Available Light: Anthropological Reflections on Philosophical Topics'', 2000 *Gordon Mathews, ''Global Culture/Individual Identity: Searching for Home in the Cultural Supermarket'', 2000 * Patrick Tierney, ''

Darkness in El Dorado ''Darkness in El Dorado: How Scientists and Journalists Devastated the Amazon'' is a polemical book written by author Patrick Tierney in 2000, in which the author accuses geneticist James Neel and anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon of conducting ...

'', 2000 **Tierney's book was determined to be deliberately fraudulent. *

Tim Ingold Timothy Ingold (born 1 November 1948INGOLD, Prof. Timothy
''Who's Who 2014'', ...

, ''The perception of the environment: essays on livelihood, dwelling and skill'', 2000 * Italo Pardo, ''Morals of Legitimacy: Between Agency and System'', 2000 *

Frans de Waal Franciscus Bernardus Maria "Frans" de Waal (born October 29, 1948) is a Dutch primatologist and ethologist. He is the Charles Howard Candler Professor of Primate Behavior in the Department of Psychology at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, ...

, ''

The Ape and the Sushi Master ''The Ape and the Sushi Master'' is a popular science book by Frans de Waal. It is an overview of animal behavior and psychology, with an emphasis on primate Primates are a diverse order of mammals. They are divided into the strepsirrhin ...

'', 2001 * William Ray, ''The Logic of Culture: Authority and Identity in the Modern Era'', 2001 * Vassos Argyrou, ''Anthropology and the Will to Meaning: A Postcolonial Critique'', 2002 * Jone Salomonsen, '' Enchanted Feminism: The Reclaiming Witches of San Francisco'', 2002 *

, ''Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity'', 2003 *

Jean Rouch Jean Rouch (; 31 May 1917 – 18 February 2004) was a French filmmaker and anthropologist. He is considered one of the founders of cinéma vérité in France. Rouch's practice as a filmmaker, for over 60 years in Africa, was characterized b ...

, ''Cine-Ethnography'', 2003 *

Theodore C. Bestor Theodore C. Bestor (August 7, 1951 – July 1, 2021) was a professor of anthropology and Japanese studies at Harvard University. He was the president of the Association for Asian Studies in 2012. In 2018, he resigned as director from the Reisch ...

, '' Tsukiji: The Fish Market at the Center of the World'', 2004 * Janet Carsten, ''After Kinship'', 2004 *

and Stephen J. Collier, ''Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics, and Ethics as Anthropological Problems'', 2004 * Anna L. Tsing, ''Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection'', 2005 *

Marcel Detienne Marcel Detienne (October 11, 1935 in Liège, Belgium – March 21, 2019 in Nemours, France) was a Belgian historian and specialist in the study of ancient Greece. He was a professor at Johns Hopkins University, where he held the Basil L. Gildersl ...

, ''The Greeks and Us: A Comparative Anthropology of Ancient Greece'', 2005 (English translation: 2007) *

Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan (born in Languedoc, 11 July 1941-) is a French and Nigerien anthropologist, and Emeritus Professor of Anthropology at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Marseilles. He is also Emeritus Director of ...

, ''Anthropology and development. Understanding contemporary social change'', 2005 *

Nicholas Wade Nicholas Michael Landon Wade (born 17 May 1942) is a British author and journalist. He is the author of numerous books, and has served as staff writer and editor for ''Nature'', ''Science'', and the science section of ''The New York Times''. ...

, '' Before the Dawn: Recovering the Lost History of Our Ancestors'', 2006 * Guha Abhijit, ''Land, Law, and the Left: the Saga of Disempowerment of the Peasantry in the Era of Globalisation''2007 * Philippe Descola, ''Beyond Nature and Culture'', 2005 (English translation: 2013) * Paige West, ''Conservation is our Government now: The Politics of Ecology in Papua New Guinea'', 2006 *

Veena Das Veena Das, FBA (born 1945) is the Krieger-Eisenhower Professor of Anthropology at the Johns Hopkins University. Her areas of theoretical specialisation include the anthropology of violence, social suffering, and the state. Das has received multi ...

, ''Life and Words: Violence and the Descent into the Ordinary'', 2007 * Andrew Apter, ''Beyond Words: Discourse and Critical Agency in Africa'', 2007 * Paul Rabinow, ''Marking Time: On the Anthropology of the Contemporary'', 2008 * Eugene S. Hunn, ''A Zapotec Natural History'', 2008 * Johannes Fabian, ''Ethnography as Commentary: Writing from the Virtual Archive'', 2008 * Stefan Helmreich, ''Alien Ocean: Anthropological Voyages in Microbial Seas'', 2009 * Giuliana B. Prato (editor), ''Beyond Multiculturalism'', 2009 * Neni Panourgiá, ''Dangerous Citizens: The Greek Left and the Terror of the State'', 2009 * Philippe Bourgeois and Jeff Schonberg, ''Righteous Dopefiend'', 2009

2010s

Margaret Lock Margaret Lock (born 1936) is a distinguished Canadian medical anthropologist, known for her publications in connection with an anthropology of the body and embodiment, comparative epistemologies of medical knowledge and practice, and the global ...

and Vinh-Kim Nguyen, ''An Anthropology of Biomedicine'', 2010 * Ulf Hannerz, ''Anthropology's World: Life in a Twenty-First Century Discipline'', 2010 *

Jesús Padilla Gálvez Jesús Padilla Gálvez (xe'sus pa'ðiʎa 'ɣalβeθ) (born October 28, 1959) is a philosopher who worked primarily in philosophy of language, logic, and the history of sciences. Professional biography Jesús Padilla Gálvez studied Philosophy, ...

, ''Philosophical Anthropology. Wittgenstein's Perspective''. Berlin, De Gruyter, 2010

Revie

*

David Graeber David Rolfe Graeber (; February 12, 1961September 2, 2020) was an American anthropologist and anarchist activist. His influential work in economic anthropology, particularly his books '' Debt: The First 5,000 Years'' (2011) and ''Bullshit Jobs ...

, '' Debt: The First 5000 Years'', 2011 *

Tim Ingold Timothy Ingold (born 1 November 1948INGOLD, Prof. Timothy
''Who's Who 2014'', ...

, ''Being Alive: Essays on Movement, Knowledge and Description'', 2011 * Alan Barnard, ''Social Anthropology and Human Origins'', 2011 * James D. Faubion, ''An Anthropology of Ethics'', 2011 * Maurice Bloch, ''Anthropology and the Cognitive Challenge'', 2012 * Jason Ānanda Josephson, ''The Invention of Religion in Japan,'' 2012 *

Neil L. Whitehead Neil L. Whitehead (19 March 1956 – 22 March 2012) was an English anthropologist, who is best known for his work on the anthropology of violence, dark shamanism (and Guyanese kanaimà in particular), post-human anthropology and the historical ant ...

and

Michael Wesch Michael Lee Wesch (born June 22, 1975) is Professor of Cultural Anthropology and a University Distinguished Teaching Scholar at Kansas State University. Wesch's work also includes media ecology and the emerging field of digital ethnography, whe ...

(editors) ''Human No More: Digital Subjectivities, Unhuman Subjects, and the End of Anthropology'', 2012 *

Eduardo Kohn Eduardo Kohn is Associate Professor of Anthropology at McGill University and winner of the 2014 Gregory Bateson Prize. He is best known for the book, ''How Forests Think''. Work His 2013 book, ''How Forests Think'', has been described by Cambridg ...

, ''How Forests Think: Toward an Anthropology Beyond the Human'', 2013 * Italo Pardo and Giuliana B. Prato, ''Legitimacy. Ethnographic and Theoretical Insights'', 2018

2020s

* Italo Pardo and Giuliana B. Prato (editors), ''Urban Inequalities''. 2021 * Petra Kuppinger (editor), ''Emergent Spaces''. 2022

Thematic bibliography

General introductions and histories

Eric Wolf Eric Robert Wolf (February 1, 1923 – March 6, 1999) was an anthropologist, best known for his studies of peasants, Latin America, and his advocacy of Marxist perspectives within anthropology. Early life Life in Vienna Wolf was born in Vi ...

, ''Anthropology'', 1964 * Adam Kuper, ''Anthropology and Anthropologists: The Modern British School'', 1973 (3rd revised and enlarged edition, 1996) * Peter Just and John Monaghan, ''Social and Cultural Anthropology: A Very Short Introduction'', 2000 * Alan Barnard, ''History and Theory in Anthropology'', 2000 *

Thomas Hylland Eriksen Thomas Hylland Eriksen (born February 6, 1962) is a Norwegian anthropologist. He is currently a professor of social anthropology at the University of Oslo, as well as the 2015–2016 president of the European Association of Social Anthropologist ...

, ''What is Anthropology?'', 2004 * Aleksandar Bošković, ''Other People's Anthropologies: Ethnographic Practice on the Margins'', 2008 * John S. Gilkeson, ''Anthropologists and the Rediscovery of America, 1886–1965'', 2010 * Fredrik Barth, Andre Gingrich, Robert Parkin, and Sydel Silverman, ''One Discipline, Four Ways: British, German, French, and American Anthropology'' (The Halle Lectures), 2005

Ritual theory

* Arnold van Gennep, ''The Rites of Passage'', 1909 * Émile Durkheim, ''

'', 1912 * Sigmund Freud, ''Totem and Taboo'', 1913 *

Erving Goffman Erving Goffman (11 June 1922 – 19 November 1982) was a Canadian-born sociology, sociologist, Social psychology (sociology), social psychologist, and writer, considered by some "the most influential American sociologist of the twentieth ...

, ''Interaction Ritual'', 1967 * Victor Turner, ''The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure'', 1969 * David Kertzer, ''Ritual, Politics, and Power'', 1988 * Bruce Kapferer, ''A Celebration of Demons'', 1991 * Catherine Bell, ''Rituals : Perspectives and Dimensions'', 1997 *

Mario Perniola Mario Perniola (20 May 1941 – 9 January 2018) was an Italian philosopher, professor of aesthetics and author. Many of his works have been published in English. Biography Mario Perniola was born in Asti, Piedmont. He studied philosophy under Luig ...

, ''Ritual Thinking: Sexuality, Death, World'', 2000 * Philippe Buc, ''The Dangers of Ritual: Between Early Medieval Texts and Social Scientific Theory'', 2001 * Robert N. McCauley and E. Thomas Lawson, ''Bringing Ritual to Mind: Psychological Foundations of Cultural Forms'', 2002 *

Steven Heine Steven Heine (born 1950), is a scholar in the field of Zen Buddhist history and thought, particularly the life and teachings of Zen Master Dōgen (1200–1253). He has also taught and published extensively on Japanese religion and society in worl ...

and Dale S. Wright (editors), ''Zen Ritual: Studies of Zen Buddhist Theory in Practice'', 2008

Cyber anthropology

Sherry Turkle Sherry Turkle (born June 18, 1948) is the Abby Rockefeller Mauzé Professor of the Social Studies of Science and Technology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She obtained an BA in social studies and later a PhD in sociology and person ...

, ''The Second Self: Computers and the Human Spirit'', 1984 * Arturo Escobar, "Welcome to Cyberia: Notes on the Anthropology of Cyberculture", 1994 *

, '' Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet'', 1995 * Stefan Helmreich, ''Silicon Second Nature: Culturing Artificial Life in a Digital World'', 1998 *

Tom Boellstorff Tom Boellstorff is an anthropologist based at the University of California, Irvine. In his career to date, his interests have included the anthropology of sexuality, the anthropology of globalization, digital anthropology, Southeast Asian studie ...

, ''Coming of Age in Second Life: An Anthropologist Explores the Virtually Human'', 2008 *

Bonnie Nardi Bonnie Nardi is an emeritus professor of the Department of Informatics at the University of California, Irvine, where she led the TechDec research lab in the areas of Human-Computer Interaction and computer-supported cooperative work. She is well ...

, ''My Life as a Night Elf Priest. An Anthropological Account of World of Warcraft'', 2010. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. * Daniel Miller, ''Tales from Facebook'', 2011 * Alexander Knorr, ''Cyberanthropology'' (''in German''), 2011 * Neil L. Whitehead and

(editors) ''Human No More: Digital Subjectivities, Unhuman Subjects, and the End of Anthropology'', 2012 * Christine Hine, ''Ethnography for the Internet: Embedded, Embodied and Everyday'', 2015. London: Bloomsbury Academic.

Design anthropology

* Wendy Gunn and Jared Donovan (eds), ''Design and Anthropology'', 2012 * Wendy Gunn, Ton Otto and Rachel Charlotte Smith (eds), ''Design Anthropology: Theory and Practice'', 2013

Ecological anthropology

* Julian Steward, ''Theory of Culture Change: The Methodology of Multilinear Evolution'', 1955 *

William Balée William Balée (born 1954) is a professor of anthropology at Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and educated at the University of Florida, Gainesville, where he received a B.A. in Anthropology bef ...

, ''Cultural Forests of the Amazon: A Historical Ecology of People and Their Landscapes'', 2014

Economic anthropology

* Marcel Mauss, '' The Gift'', 1925 *

, '' The Great Transformation'', 1944 * Marshall Sahlins, ''Stone Age Economics'', 1974 * Claude Meillassoux, ''Maidens, Meal and Money'', 1975 * Italo Pardo, ''Managing Existence in Naples'', 1996 *

Karen Ho Karen Ho is an American anthropologist. She contributed to anthropological research in Wall Street culture.

, ''Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street'', 2009 *

, '' Debt: The First 5000 Years'', 2011 * Chris Hann and Keith Hart, ''Economic Anthropology: History, Ethnography, Critique'', 2011

Political anthropology

* Meyer Fortes and

, ''

'', 1940 *

James C. Scott James C. Scott (born December 2, 1936) is an American political scientist and anthropologist specializing in comparative politics. He is a comparative scholar of agrarian society, agrarian and non-state societies, Subaltern (postcolonialism), ...

, '' Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance'', 1985 * Ted Lewellen, ''Political Anthropology: An Introduction'', 2003 * Italo Pardo and Giuliana B. Prato (editors), ''Citizenship and the Legitimacy of Governance'', 2010 * Italo Pardo and Giuliana B. Prato, ''Legitimacy. Ethnographic and Theoretical Insights'', 2018

Psychological anthropology

Charles W. Nuckolls, The Cultural Dialectics of Knowledge and Desire. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1996
* Lindholm, Charles, ''Culture and Identity. The history, theory, and practice of psychological anthropology'', 2007 * Robert, LeVine, ''Psychological Anthropology: A Reader on Self in Culture'', 2010

Urban anthropology

* * Ulf Hannerz, ''Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Urban Anthropology'', 1980 * Italo Pardo and Giulaina B. Prato (eds), ''The Palgrave Handbook of Urban Ethnography'', 2017 * Italo Pardo and Giuliana B. Prato (editors), ''Urban Inequalities'', 2021 * Petra Kuppinger (editor), ''Emergent Spaces'', 2022

Linguistic anthropology

Johann Gottfried Herder Johann Gottfried von Herder ( , ; 25 August 174418 December 1803) was a German philosopher, theologian, poet, and literary critic. He is associated with the Enlightenment, ''Sturm und Drang'', and Weimar Classicism. Biography Born in Mohrun ...

, ''Treatise on the Origin of Language'', 1772 *

Wilhelm von Humboldt Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Karl Ferdinand von Humboldt (, also , ; ; 22 June 1767 – 8 April 1835) was a Prussian philosopher, linguist, government functionary, diplomat, and founder of the Humboldt University of Berlin, which was named after ...

, ''On Language: On the Diversity of Human Language Construction and its Influence on the Mental Development of the Human Species'', 1836 *

Edward Sapir Edward Sapir (; January 26, 1884 – February 4, 1939) was an American Jewish anthropologist-linguist, who is widely considered to be one of the most important figures in the development of the discipline of linguistics in the United States. Sa ...

, ''Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech'', 1921 *

Benjamin Lee Whorf Benjamin Lee Whorf (; April 24, 1897 – July 26, 1941) was an American linguist and fire prevention engineer. He is known for "Sapir–Whorf hypothesis," the idea that differences between the structures of different languages shape how thei ...

, ''Language, Thought and Reality'', 1956 (published posthumously) *

Roman Jakobson Roman Osipovich Jakobson (russian: Рома́н О́сипович Якобсо́н; October 11, 1896Kucera, Henry. 1983. "Roman Jakobson." ''Language: Journal of the Linguistic Society of America'' 59(4): 871–883. – July 18,On Linguistic Aspects of Translation ''On Linguistic Aspects of Translation'' is an essay written by Russian- American linguist Roman Jakobson in 1959.Snell-Hornby (2006), p. 21 It was published in "On Translation", a compendium of seventeen papers edited by Reuben Arthur Brower. "O ...

'', 1959 *

Lev Vygotsky Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky (russian: Лев Семёнович Выго́тский, p=vɨˈɡotskʲɪj; be, Леў Сямёнавіч Выго́цкі, p=vɨˈɡotskʲɪj; – June 11, 1934) was a Soviet psychologist, known for his work on ps ...

, ''Thought and Language'', 1962 *

Kenneth Lee Pike Kenneth Lee Pike (June 9, 1912 – December 31, 2000) was an American linguist and anthropologist. He was the originator of the theory of tagmemics, the coiner of the terms "emic" and "etic" and the developer of the constructed language K ...

, ''Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behaviour'', 1967 *

Dell Hymes Dell Hathaway Hymes (June 7, 1927 in Portland, Oregon – November 13, 2009 in Charlottesville, Virginia) was a linguist, sociolinguist, anthropologist, and folklorist who established disciplinary foundations for the comparative, ethnographic stu ...

, ''Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach'', 1974 * Brown, Penny B. & Levinson, Stephen C. Politeness: some Universals in Language Use. (1978) 1987 * Gumperz, J.J. Discourse Strategies, 1982. * Robert M. W. Dixon, ''The Rise and Fall of Languages'', 1997 * Guy Deutscher, ''The Unfolding of Language: The Evolution of Mankind's Greatest Invention'', 2005

Biological anthropology

Biological anthropology Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is a scientific discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their extinct hominin ancestors, and related non-human primates, particularly from an e ...

is traditionally conceived of as part of the North American four-field approach. In some universities, however, the subject has repositioned itself as ''human evolutionary biology''. In Europe, it is sometimes taught as an individual subject at college level or as part of the discipline of biology. Its methods are informed by evolutionary biology, hence the adjunct ''biological''. Since 1993, the Biological Anthropology Section of the

American Anthropological Association The American Anthropological Association (AAA) is an organization of scholars and practitioners in the field of anthropology. With 10,000 members, the association, based in Arlington, Virginia, includes archaeologists, cultural anthropologists, ...

has awarded the W.W. Howells Book Award in Biological Anthropology. *

Charles Darwin Charles Robert Darwin ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended fr ...

, ''

On the Origin of Species ''On the Origin of Species'' (or, more completely, ''On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life''),The book's full original title was ''On the Origin of Species by Me ...

'', 1859 *

Thomas Henry Huxley Thomas Henry Huxley (4 May 1825 – 29 June 1895) was an English biologist and anthropologist specialising in comparative anatomy. He has become known as "Darwin's Bulldog" for his advocacy of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. The storie ...

, ''

Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature ''Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature'' is an 1863 book by Thomas Henry Huxley, in which he gives evidence for the evolution of humans and apes from a common ancestor. It was the first book devoted to the topic of human evolution, and discussed ...

'', 1863 *

Alfred Russel Wallace Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural se ...

, ''

The Malay Archipelago ''The Malay Archipelago'' is a book by the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace which chronicles his scientific exploration, during the eight-year period 1854 to 1862, of the southern portion of the Malay Archipelago including Malaysia, S ...

'', 1869 * Charles Darwin, ''

The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex ''The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex'' is a book by English naturalist Charles Darwin, first published in 1871, which applies evolutionary theory to human evolution, and details his theory of sexual selection, a form of biolo ...

'', 1871 *

Rudolf Virchow Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow (; or ; 13 October 18215 September 1902) was a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician. He is known as "the father of modern pathology" and as the founder ...

, ''The Freedom of Science in the Modern States'', 1877 * Rudolf Virchow, ''Anthropological Papers'', 1891 *

Desmond Morris Desmond John Morris FLS ''hon. caus.'' (born 24 January 1928) is an English zoologist, ethologist and surrealist painter, as well as a popular author in human sociobiology. He is known for his 1967 book ''The Naked Ape'', and for his televisi ...

, ''

The Naked Ape ''The Naked Ape: A Zoologist's Study of the Human Animal'' is a 1967 book by English zoologist and ethologist Desmond Morris that looks at humans as a species and compares them to other animals. '' The Human Zoo'', a follow-up book by Morris th ...

'', 1967 *

Jane Goodall Dame Jane Morris Goodall (; born Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall on 3 April 1934), formerly Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall, is an English primatologist and anthropologist. Seen as the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best know ...

, ''In the Shadow of Man'', 1971 *

Richard Dawkins Richard Dawkins (born 26 March 1941) is a British evolutionary biologist and author. He is an emeritus fellow of New College, Oxford and was Professor for Public Understanding of Science in the University of Oxford from 1995 to 2008. An ath ...

, ''

The Selfish Gene ''The Selfish Gene'' is a 1976 book on evolution by the ethologist Richard Dawkins, in which the author builds upon the principal theory of George C. Williams's ''Adaptation and Natural Selection'' (1966). Dawkins uses the term "selfish gene ...

'', 1976 *

E. O. Wilson Edward Osborne Wilson (June 10, 1929 – December 26, 2021) was an American biologist, naturalist, entomologist and writer. According to David Attenborough, Wilson was the world's leading expert in his specialty of myrmecology, the study of an ...

, ''

On Human Nature ''On Human Nature'' (1978; second edition 2004) is a book by the biologist E. O. Wilson, in which the author attempts to explain human nature and society through sociobiology. Wilson argues that evolution has left its traces on characteristics su ...

'', 1979 *

Stephen Jay Gould Stephen Jay Gould (; September 10, 1941 – May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science. He was one of the most influential and widely read authors of popular science of his generation. Gould sp ...

, ''

The Mismeasure of Man ''The Mismeasure of Man'' is a 1981 book by paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould. The book is both a history and critique of the statistical methods and cultural motivations underlying biological determinism, the belief that "the social and economic ...

'', 1981 * Wade Davis, '' The Serpent and the Rainbow'', 1985 * Robert Boyd and Peter J. Richerson, ''Culture and the Evolutionary Process'', 1985 *

Jared Diamond Jared Mason Diamond (born September 10, 1937) is an American geographer, historian, ornithologist, and author best known for his popular science books ''The Third Chimpanzee'' (1991); ''Guns, Germs, and Steel'' (1997, awarded a Pulitzer Prize); ...

, ''

The Third Chimpanzee ''The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal'' is a 1991 book by academic and popular science author Jared Diamond, in which the author explores concepts relating to the animal origins of human behavior. The book follows a ...

'', 1991 * Helen Fisher, ''Anatomy of Love: A Natural History of Mating, Marriage, and Why We Stray'', 1992 * Jared Diamond, ''

Guns, Germs, and Steel ''Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies'' (subtitled ''A Short History of Everybody for the Last 13,000 Years'' in Britain) is a 1997 transdisciplinary non-fiction book by Jared Diamond. In 1998, it won the Pulitzer Prize for gen ...

'', 1998 * E. O. Wilson, '' Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge'', 1998 *

Sarah Blaffer Hrdy Sarah Hrdy (née Blaffer; born July 11, 1946) is an American anthropologist and primatologist who has made major contributions to evolutionary psychology and sociobiology. She is considered "a highly recognized pioneer in modernizing our unders ...

, Mother Nature: ''A History of Mothers, Infants and Natural Selection'', 1999 *

Paul Farmer Paul Edward Farmer (October 26, 1959 – February 21, 2022) was an American medical anthropology, medical anthropologist and physician. Farmer held an MD and PhD from Harvard University, where he was a Harvard University Professor, University ...

, ''Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights, and the New War on the Poor'', 2003 * Jared Diamond, '' Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed'', 2005 * Peter J. Richerson and Robert Boyd, ''Not by Genes Alone'', 2005 *Dorothy Cheney and Robert Seyfarth, ''Baboon Metaphysics'', 2007 *

Steven Pinker Steven Arthur Pinker (born September 18, 1954) is a Canadian-American cognitive psychologist, psycholinguist, popular science author, and public intellectual. He is an advocate of evolutionary psychology and the computational theory of mind. P ...

, '' The Stuff of Thought: Language As a Window Into Human Nature'', 2007 *

Michael Tomasello Michael Tomasello (born January 18, 1950) is an American developmental and comparative psychologist, as well as a linguist. He is professor of psychology at Duke University. Earning many prizes and awards from the end of the 1990s onward, he is c ...

, ''Origins of Human Communication'', 2008 *

Gregory Cochran Gregory M. Cochran (born 1953) is an American anthropologist and author who argues that cultural innovation resulted in new and constantly shifting selection pressures for genetic change, thereby accelerating human evolution and divergence betwee ...

and

Henry Harpending Henry Cosad Harpending (January 13, 1944 – April 3, 2016) was an American anthropologist and writer. He was a distinguished professor at the University of Utah, and formerly taught at Penn State and the University of New Mexico. He was a membe ...

, ''The 10,000 Year Explosion: How Civilizations Accelerated Human Evolution'', 2009 *

Richard Wrangham Richard Walter Wrangham (born 1948) is an English anthropologist and primatologist; he is Professor of Biological Anthropology at Harvard University. His research and writing have involved ape behavior, human evolution, violence, and cooking. ...

, '' Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human'', 2009 * Jared Diamond, '' The World Until Yesterday: What Can We Learn from Traditional Societies?'', 2012 * E. O. Wilson, '' The Social Conquest of Earth'', 2012 *

, ''The Bonobo and the Atheist'', 2013

Archaeology

Archaeological anthropology is traditionally conceived of as part of the North American four-field approach. With the four-field approach being questioned for its orthodoxy, the subject has gained considerable independence in recent years and some archaeologists have rejected the label ''anthropology''. In Europe, the subject maintains closer connections to history and is simply conceived of as ''archaeology'' with a distinct research focus and methodology. *

C. W. Ceram upright=.85, Original German cover of ''Gods, Graves and Scholars: The Story of Archaeology'' (1949)C. W. Ceram (20 January 1915 – 12 April 1972) was the pseudonym of German journalist, editor at Rowohlt Verlag, and author Kurt Wilhelm Marek ...

, '' Gods, Graves and Scholars'', 1949 *

Steven Mithen Steven Mithen, (born 16 October 1960) is a Professor of Archaeology at the University of Reading. He has written a number of books, including ''The Singing Neanderthals'' and ''The Prehistory of the Mind: The Cognitive Origins of Art, Religion ...

, ''The Prehistory of the Mind: The Cognitive Origins of Art, Religion and Science'', 1996 *

Julian Thomas Julian Stewart Thomas (born 1959) is a British archaeologist, publishing on the Neolithic and Bronze Age prehistory of Britain and north-west Europe. Thomas has been vice president of the Royal Anthropological Institute since 2007, has been Prof ...

, ''Time, Culture and Identity: An Interpretive Archaeology'', 1996 * Chris Gosden, ''Archaeology & Anthropology: A Changing Relationship'', 1999 * Richard Bradley, ''An Archaeology of Natural Places'', 2000 *

Alison Wylie Alison Wylie (born 1954) is a Canadian philosopher of archaeology. She is a professor of philosophy at the University of British Columbia and holds a Canada Research Chair in Philosophy of the Social and Historical Sciences. Wylie specialize ...

, ''Thinking from Things: Essays in the Philosophy of Archaeology'', 2002 * Randall H. McGuire, ''Archaeology as Political Action'', 2008

Archaeological theory

* * * * * * * * * * * *

Some points of reference in related disciplines

Anthropological research has exerted considerable influence on other disciplines such as

sociology Sociology is a social science that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of Interpersonal ties, social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. It uses various methods of Empirical ...

literary theory Literary theory is the systematic study of the nature of literature and of the methods for literary analysis. Culler 1997, p.1 Since the 19th century, literary scholarship includes literary theory and considerations of intellectual history, mo ...

, and

philosophy Philosophy (from , ) is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some ...

. Conversely, contemporary anthropological discourse has become receptive to a wide variety of theoretical currents which in turn help to shape the cognitive identity of the subjects. Among the key publications from related disciplines that have advanced anthropological scholarship are: * * * *

Sociocultural anthropology

Chronological bibliography

From the beginnings to 1899

1900s and 1910s

1920s and 1930s

1940s and 1950s

1960s and 1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

Thematic bibliography

General introductions and histories

Ritual theory

Cyber anthropology

Design anthropology

Ecological anthropology

Economic anthropology

Political anthropology

Psychological anthropology

Urban anthropology

Linguistic anthropology

Biological anthropology

Archaeology

Archaeological theory

Some points of reference in related disciplines

References

Further reading