The following

outline Outline or outlining may refer to: * Outline (list), a document summary, in hierarchical list format * Code folding, a method of hiding or collapsing code or text to see content in outline form * Outline drawing, a sketch depicting the outer edge ...

is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the continent Africa: Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. It is famous for its savanna, its jungles, and the

Sahara , photo = Sahara real color.jpg , photo_caption = The Sahara taken by Apollo 17 astronauts, 1972 , map = , map_image = , location = , country = , country1 = , ...

(desert).

Geography of Africa

* Atlas of Africa *

List of cities in Africa The following are lists of cities in Africa. Countries *List of cities in Algeria *List of cities in Angola *List of cities in Benin *List of cities in Botswana *List of cities in Burkina Faso *List of cities in Burundi *List of municipalities ...

List of most populous cities in Africa This is a list of the largest urban agglomerations in Africa. Figures are from the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects report, as well as from ''citypopulation.de''. Figures for administrative areas are also given. , 3,497,097 (2007)Metr ...

Regions of Africa

Regions of Africa *

List of freshwater ecoregions in Africa and Madagascar {{Short description, none This is a list of freshwater ecoregions in Africa and Madagascar, as identified by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). The WWF divides the Earth's land surface into ecoregions, defined as "large area of land or water containing ...

Directional regions

* Central Africa *

East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territories make up Eastern Africa: Due to the historical ...

* North Africa * Southern Africa * West Africa * United Nations geoscheme for Africa

Physiographic regions

* The Sahara Desert * The Maghreb * The

Sahel The Sahel (; ar, ساحل ' , "coast, shore") is a region in North Africa. It is defined as the ecoclimatic and biogeographic realm of transition between the Sahara to the north and the Sudanian savanna to the south. Having a hot semi-arid c ...

region * The

Sudan Sudan ( or ; ar, السودان, as-Sūdān, officially the Republic of the Sudan ( ar, جمهورية السودان, link=no, Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa. It shares borders with the Central African Republic t ...

region * The

Guinea Guinea ( ),, fuf, 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫, italic=no, Gine, wo, Gine, nqo, ߖߌ߬ߣߍ߫, bm, Gine officially the Republic of Guinea (french: République de Guinée), is a coastal country in West Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the we ...

region * The

Congo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, capital Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire, sometimes referred to a ...

* The Great Lakes region

Countries of Africa

List of African countries This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa. It includes both fully recognised states, states with limited or zero recognition, and dependent territories of both African and non-African states. It lists 56 sovereign state ...

Coats of arms of Africa African countries have the following coat of arms, coats of arms or national emblems: }"Government of National Unity - State of Libya" , Coat of arms of Libya, Emblem of Libya , - , Madagascar , , (Malagasy language, Malagasy: "Ancestral land, Li ...

Flags of Africa These are the various flags of Africa. Supranational and international flags An incomplete list of flags representing intra-African international and supranational organisations, which omits intercontinental organisations such as the United Natio ...

West Africa

* Benin * Burkina Faso *

Cape Verde , national_anthem = () , official_languages = Portuguese , national_languages = Cape Verdean Creole , capital = Praia , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , demonym ...

* The Gambia * Ghana *

* Guinea-Bissau *

Ivory Coast Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Its capital is Yamoussoukro, in the centre of the country, while its largest city and economic centre is ...

Liberia Liberia (), officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to Liberia–Sierra Leone border, its northwest, Guinea to its north, Ivory Coast to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean ...

* Mali *

Mauritania Mauritania (; ar, موريتانيا, ', french: Mauritanie; Berber: ''Agawej'' or ''Cengit''; Pulaar: ''Moritani''; Wolof: ''Gànnaar''; Soninke:), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania ( ar, الجمهورية الإسلامية ...

* Niger * Nigeria * Senegal * Sierra Leone * Togo

North Africa

* Algeria * Egypt * Libya *

* Morocco *

* Tunisia * Western Sahara

Central Africa

* Angola *

Burundi Burundi (, ), officially the Republic of Burundi ( rn, Repuburika y’Uburundi ; Swahili language, Swahili: ''Jamuhuri ya Burundi''; French language, French: ''République du Burundi'' ), is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley at the ...

* Cameroon * Central African Republic *

Chad Chad (; ar, تشاد , ; french: Tchad, ), officially the Republic of Chad, '; ) is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic ...

* Democratic Republic of the Congo *

Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea ( es, Guinea Ecuatorial; french: Guinée équatoriale; pt, Guiné Equatorial), officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea ( es, link=no, República de Guinea Ecuatorial, french: link=no, République de Guinée équatoria ...

* Gabon *

Republic of the Congo The Republic of the Congo (french: République du Congo, ln, Republíki ya Kongó), also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa to the w ...

Rwanda Rwanda (; rw, u Rwanda ), officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of Central Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator ...

São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe (; pt, São Tomé e Príncipe (); English: " Saint Thomas and Prince"), officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe ( pt, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe), is a Portuguese-speaking i ...

East Africa

Comoros The Comoros,, ' officially the Union of the Comoros,; ar, الاتحاد القمري ' is an independent country made up of three islands in southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. It ...

* Djibouti *

Eritrea Eritrea ( ; ti, ኤርትራ, Ertra, ; ar, إرتريا, ʾIritriyā), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa, with its capital and largest city at Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia ...

* Ethiopia * Kenya * Madagascar * Malawi * Mauritius * Mozambique *

* Seychelles * Somalia *

Somaliland Somaliland,; ar, صوماليلاند ', ' officially the Republic of Somaliland,, ar, جمهورية صوماليلاند, link=no ''Jumhūrīyat Ṣūmālīlānd'' is a ''de facto'' sovereign state in the Horn of Africa, still conside ...

* South Sudan * Tanzania * Uganda * Zambia * Zimbabwe

Southern Africa

* Botswana *

Eswatini Eswatini ( ; ss, eSwatini ), officially the Kingdom of Eswatini and formerly named Swaziland ( ; officially renamed in 2018), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. It is bordered by Mozambique to its northeast and South Africa to its no ...

Lesotho Lesotho ( ), officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is a country landlocked country, landlocked as an Enclave and exclave, enclave in South Africa. It is situated in the Maloti Mountains and contains the Thabana Ntlenyana, highest mountains in Sou ...

* Namibia * South Africa

Dependencies

British Indian Ocean Territory The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is an Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom situated in the Indian Ocean, halfway between Tanzania and Indonesia. The territory comprises the seven atolls of the Chagos Archipelago with over 1,000 ...

(UK) * Mayotte ( France) *

Réunion Réunion (; french: La Réunion, ; previously ''Île Bourbon''; rcf, label= Reunionese Creole, La Rényon) is an island in the Indian Ocean that is an overseas department and region of France. It is located approximately east of the island ...

( France) * St. Helena (UK) *

Canary Islands The Canary Islands (; es, Canarias, ), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, in Macaronesia. At their closest point to the African mainland, they are west of Morocc ...

( Spain) * Ceuta ( Spain) *

Madeira ) , anthem = ( en, "Anthem of the Autonomous Region of Madeira") , song_type = Regional anthem , image_map=EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg , map_alt=Location of Madeira , map_caption=Location of Madeira , subdivision_type=Sovereign st ...

( Portugal) *

Melilla Melilla ( , ; ; rif, Mřič ; ar, مليلية ) is an autonomous city of Spain located in north Africa. It lies on the eastern side of the Cape Three Forks, bordering Morocco and facing the Mediterranean Sea. It has an area of . It was par ...

( Spain) * Socotra ( Yemen) * Pantelleria ( Italy) * Puntland ( Somalia) *

* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

Geographic features of Africa

* List of World Heritage Sites in Africa * Glaciers in Africa *

Horn of Africa The Horn of Africa (HoA), also known as the Somali Peninsula, is a large peninsula and geopolitical region in East Africa.Robert Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation'', (The Guilford Press; 2004), ...

* Impact craters in Africa * Islands of Africa * Rivers of Africa

Demography of Africa

Demographics of Africa The population of Africa has grown rapidly over the past century and consequently shows a large youth bulge, further reinforced by a low life expectancy of below 50 years in some African countries. Total population as of 2020 is estimated at ...

History of Africa

* Afrikaner nationalism *

Bantu expansion The Bantu expansion is a hypothesis about the history of the major series of migrations of the original Proto-Bantu-speaking group, which spread from an original nucleus around Central Africa across much of sub-Saharan Africa. In the process, t ...

* Berlin Conference * Boer Republics *

Congo Free State ''(Work and Progress) , national_anthem = Vers l'avenir , capital = Vivi Boma , currency = Congo Free State franc , religion = Catholicism (''de facto'') , leader1 = Leopo ...

* Early Congolese history *

Expulsion of Asians in Uganda in 1972 In early August 1972, the President of Uganda, Idi Amin, ordered the expulsion of his country's Indian minority, giving them 90 days to leave the country. At the time of the expulsion, there were about 80,000 individuals of Indian descent in Ugand ...

* Indophobia *

Pioneer Column The Pioneer Column was a force raised by Cecil Rhodes and his British South Africa Company in 1890 and used in his efforts to annex the territory of Mashonaland, later part of Zimbabwe (once Southern Rhodesia). Background Rhodes was anxious t ...

Serer ancient history The prehistoric and ancient history of the Serer people of modern-day Senegambia has been extensively studied and documented over the years. Much of it comes from archaeological discoveries and Serer tradition rooted in the Serer religion." ...

* Serer history (medieval era to present) *

South Africa under apartheid Apartheid (, especially South African English: , ; , "aparthood") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s. Apartheid was ...

* Timeline of Serer history * Volkstaat

History of Africa by period

* Prehistory ** Pleistocene human population bottleneck in Africa **

Prehistoric Central North Africa The prehistory of North Africa spans the period of earliest human presence in the region to gradual onset of historicity in the Maghreb (Berber:Tamazgha) during classical antiquity. Early anatomically modern humans are known to have been presen ...

* Ancient African history ** Ancient History of South Africa ** Copper Age in Africa ** Iron Age in Africa **

Olmec alternative origin speculations Olmec alternative origin speculations are non-mainstream theories that have been suggested for the formation of Olmec civilization which contradict generally accepted scholarly consensus. These origin theories typically involve contact with Old ...

* Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact ** Pre-Columbian Africa-Americas contact theories *

European exploration of Africa The geography of North Africa has been reasonably well known among Europeans since classical antiquity in Greco-Roman geography. Northwest Africa (the Maghreb) was known as either ''Libya'' or ''Africa'', while Egypt was considered part of Asia. ...

* Colonisation of Africa ** Blockade of Africa **

Scramble for Africa The Scramble for Africa, also called the Partition of Africa, or Conquest of Africa, was the invasion, annexation, division, and colonisation of Africa, colonization of most of Africa by seven Western Europe, Western European powers during a ...

* African theatre of World War I * Decolonisation of Africa ** Year of Africa

History of Africa by year

2016 in Africa Predicted and scheduled events January *Central African Republic presidential election of 2016 February *February 18 - Ugandan general election, 2016 *February 21 ** Comorian presidential election, 2016 **Niger presidential election *February ...

2007 in Africa International organisations African Union (AU) Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) Other organizations * ACP — Eur ...

2006 in Africa International organizations African Union (AU) *The AU met in Khartoum on January 23 and January 24, 2006. It decided against the extradition of former Chadian president Hissène Habré to Belgium and announced the formation of a commission to ...

2005 in Africa International organisations African Union * The first summit of heads of state of the African Union's Peace and Security Council was held in Libreville (Gabon) on 10 and 11 January 2005. The summit focused on the situation in Côte d'Ivoi ...

1960 in Africa Known as the Year of Africa, 1960 saw 17 African countries declare independence among other events. January * Mau Mau Uprising is officially over in Kenya. * 9–11 January – Aswan High Dam construction begins in Egypt. * 21 January – A mine ...

(known as the " Year of Africa")

History of Africa by region

History of Central Africa Central Africa is a subregion of the African continent comprising various countries according to different definitions. Angola, Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Eq ...

History of East Africa The history of East Africa has been divided into its prehistory, the major polities flourishing, the colonial period, and the post-colonial period, in which the current nations were formed. East Africa is the eastern region of Africa, bordered b ...

History of North Africa North Africa is a relatively thin strip of land between the Sahara desert and the Mediterranean, stretching from Moroccan Atlantic coast to Egypt. The region has no set definition, and varies from source to source. Generally included are, from w ...

History of Southern Africa The history of Southern Africa has been divided into its prehistory, its ancient history, the major polities flourishing, the colonial period, and the post-colonial period, in which the current nations were formed. Southern Africa is the souther ...

** Ancient History of South Africa * History of West Africa

History of Africa by subject

* African archaeology * Assassinations in Africa *

Economic history of Africa The earliest humans were hunter gatherers who were living in small, family groupings. Even then there was considerable trade that could cover long distances. Archaeologists have found that evidence of trade in luxury items lik ...

Extinct animals of Africa Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

Extinct languages of Africa Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the Endling, last individual of the species, although the Functional ext ...

Fascism in Africa Fascism in Africa refers to the phenomenon of fascist parties and movements that were active in Africa. Overview There is significant controversy regarding which, if any, political movements and governments in Africa can be considered fascist. Am ...

* Legends of Africa * Military history of Africa ** African military systems to 1800 **

African military systems (1800–1900) African military systems (1800–1900) refers to the evolution of military systems on the African continent after 1800, with emphasis on the role of indigenous states and peoples within the African continent. Only major military systems or innovat ...

African military systems after 1900 Just before the 20th century began, most of Africa, with the exception of Ethiopia, Somalia and Liberia, was under colonial rule. By the 1980s, most nations were independent. Military systems reflect this evolution in several ways: *Growth of indi ...

Natural history of Africa The natural history of Africa encompasses some of the well known megafauna of that continent. Natural history is the study and description of organisms and natural objects, especially their origins, evolution, and interrelationships. Flora Th ...

Political history of Eastern Africa The following is a list of the political history of East Africa. Antiquity *25th century BC: Earliest recorded Egyptian expedition to the Land of Punt in the Horn of Africa organized by Pharaoh Sahure of the Fifth Dynasty. *c. 800 BC: Foundation ...

Science and technology in Africa Africa has the world's oldest record of human technological achievement: the oldest stone tools in the world have been found in eastern Africa, and later evidence for tool production by our hominin ancestors has been found across West, Central, ...

* Slavery ** African slave trade **

Slavery in Africa Slavery has historically been widespread in Africa. Systems of servitude and slavery were common in parts of Africa in ancient times, as they were in much of the rest of the ancient world. When the trans-Saharan slave trade, Indian Ocean sl ...

Empires in Africa

African empires African empires is an umbrella term used in African studies to refer to a number of pre-colonial African kingdoms in Africa with multinational structures incorporating various populations and polities into a single entity, usually through conque ...

* Adal Sultanate * Ajuran Sultanate *

Almohad Caliphate The Almohad Caliphate (; ar, خِلَافَةُ ٱلْمُوَحِّدِينَ or or from ar, ٱلْمُوَحِّدُونَ, translit=al-Muwaḥḥidūn, lit=those who profess the Tawhid, unity of God) was a North African Berbers, Berber M ...

Almoravid Caliphate The Almoravid dynasty ( ar, المرابطون, translit=Al-Murābiṭūn, lit=those from the ribats) was an imperial Berber Muslim dynasty centered in the territory of present-day Morocco. It established an empire in the 11th century that s ...

* Aro Confederacy *

Asante Union The Asante Empire (Asante Twi: ), today commonly called the Ashanti Empire, was an Akan state that lasted between 1701 to 1901, in what is now modern-day Ghana. It expanded from the Ashanti Region to include most of Ghana as well as parts of Iv ...

* Ayyubid Sultanate *

Bamana Empire The Bamana Empire (also Bambara Empire or Ségou Empire, bm, italics=no, ߓߊ߲ߓߊߙߊ߲߫ ߝߊ߯ߡߟߊ, Banbaran Fāmala) was a large West African state based at Ségou, now in Mali. This state was established after the fall of the Mali Emp ...

Benin Empire The Kingdom of Benin, also known as the Edo Kingdom, or the Benin Empire ( Bini: ') was a kingdom within what is now southern Nigeria. It has no historical relation to the modern republic of Benin, which was known as Dahomey from the 17th c ...

* Bornu Empire * Ethiopian Empire *

Fatimid Caliphate The Fatimid Caliphate was an Isma'ilism, Ismaili Shia Islam, Shi'a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries AD. Spanning a large area of North Africa, it ranged from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the ea ...

Ghana Empire The Ghana Empire, also known as Wagadou ( ar, غانا) or Awkar, was a West African empire based in the modern-day southeast of Mauritania and western Mali that existed from c. 300 until 1100. The Empire was founded by the Soninke people, ...

Kaabu Empire The Kaabu Empire (1537–1867), also written Gabu, Ngabou, and N'Gabu, was an empire in the Senegambia region centered within modern northeastern Guinea-Bissau, larger parts of today's Gambia; extending into Koussanar, Koumpentoum, region ...

* Kanem Empire * Kong Empire *

Liberian Republic Liberia (), officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to Liberia–Sierra Leone border, its northwest, Guinea to its north, Ivory Coast to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean ...

Luba Empire The Kingdom of Luba or Luba Empire (1585–1889) was a pre-colonial Central African state that arose in the marshy grasslands of the Upemba Depression in what is now southern Democratic Republic of Congo. Origins and foundation Archaeologic ...

* Lunda Empire *

Mali Empire The Mali Empire ( Manding: ''Mandé''Ki-Zerbo, Joseph: ''UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV, Abridged Edition: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century'', p. 57. University of California Press, 1997. or Manden; ar, مالي, Māl ...

* Mamluk Sultanate *

Marinid dynasty The Marinid Sultanate was a Berber Muslim empire from the mid-13th to the 15th century which controlled present-day Morocco and, intermittently, other parts of North Africa (Algeria and Tunisia) and of the southern Iberian Peninsula (Spain) a ...

* Oyo Empire *

Sennar Sultanate The Funj Sultanate, also known as Funjistan, Sultanate of Sennar (after its capital Sennar) or Blue Sultanate due to the traditional Sudanese convention of referring to black people as blue () was a monarchy in what is now Sudan, northwestern ...

Sokoto Caliphate The Sokoto Caliphate (), also known as the Fulani Empire or the Sultanate of Sokoto, was a Sunni Muslim caliphate in West Africa. It was founded by Usman dan Fodio in 1804 during the Fulani jihads after defeating the Hausa Kingdoms in the Ful ...

Songhai Empire The Songhai Empire (also transliterated as Songhay) was a state that dominated the western Sahel/Sudan in the 15th and 16th century. At its peak, it was one of the largest states in African history. The state is known by its historiographical ...

* Wassoulou Empire *

Wolof Empire Wolof or Wollof may refer to: * Wolof people, an ethnic group found in Senegal, Gambia, and Mauritania * Wolof language, a language spoken in Senegal, Gambia, and Mauritania * The Wolof or Jolof Empire, a medieval West African successor of the Mal ...

Culture of Africa

Culture of Africa *

Architecture of Africa Like other aspects of the culture of Africa, the architecture of Africa is exceptionally diverse. Throughout the history of Africa, Africans have developed their own local architectural traditions. In some cases, broader regional styles can be id ...

Castles in Africa A castle is a type of fortification, fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by Military order (monastic society), military orders. Scholars debate the scope of the word ''castle'', but u ...

Mosques in Africa A mosque (; from ar, مَسْجِد, masjid, ; literally "place of ritual prostration"), also called masjid, is a place of prayer for Muslims. Mosques are usually covered buildings, but can be any place where prayers ( sujud) are performed, i ...

** Tallest buildings in Africa **

Architecture of Egypt There have been many architectural styles used in Egyptian buildings over the centuries, including Ancient Egyptian architecture, Greco-Roman architecture, Islamic architecture, and modern architecture. Ancient Egyptian architecture is best kno ...

***

Ancient Egyptian architecture Spanning over three thousand years, ancient Egypt was not one stable civilization but in constant change and upheaval, commonly split into periods by historians. Likewise, ancient Egyptian architecture is not one style, but a set of styles diff ...

****

Egyptian pyramids The Egyptian pyramids are ancient masonry structures located in Egypt. Sources cite at least 118 identified "Egyptian" pyramids. Approximately 80 pyramids were built within the Kingdom of Kush, now located in the modern country of Sudan. Of ...

****

Urban planning in ancient Egypt The use of urban planning in ancient Egypt is a matter of continuous debate. Because ancient sites usually survive only in fragments, and many ancient Egyptian cities have been continuously inhabited since their original forms, relatively little is ...

*** Egyptian Revival architecture *** Egyptian revival decorative arts ** Architect Africa Film Festival ** Architecture of Ethiopia ** Architecture of Somalia **

Art Deco in Durban Durban, South Africa has a notable number of buildings built in the Art Deco style popularised in the US in the 1930s. Durban-style Art Deco buildings share the characteristic bold colours, geometric shapes and glamorous ornamentals of the global ...

** Cape Dutch architecture ** Rondavel *

Caste system in Africa Caste systems in Africa are a form of social stratification found in numerous ethnic groups, found in over fifteen countries, particularly in the Sahel, West Africa, and North Africa. These caste systems feature endogamy, hierarchical status, inheri ...

* Etiquette in Africa *

Languages of Africa The languages of Africa are divided into several major language families: * Niger–Congo or perhaps Atlantic–Congo languages (includes Bantu and non-Bantu, and possibly Mande and others) are spoken in West, Central, Southeast and Southern ...

** List of African languages **

Languages of the African Union The languages of the African Union are languages used by citizens within the member states of the African Union (AU). For languages of the institution, see African Union#Languages, African Union: Languages. Overview The African Union has not lega ...

** Endangered languages in Africa **

Portuguese in Africa Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...

** Writing systems of Africa *

Prostitution in Africa The legal status of prostitution in Africa varies widely. It is frequently common in practice, partially driven by the widespread poverty in many sub-Saharan African countries, and is one of the drivers for the prevalence of AIDS in Africa. (36. ...

* Racism in Africa * Slavery in modern Africa * Writing systems of Africa *

Urbanization in Africa The urbanization of most of Africa is moving fast forward, especially south of the Sahara. It is estimated that in 1900, about 89% of inhabitants lived from the primary occupations of farming, hunting & gathering, cattle nomadism, and fishing (A ...

Art in Africa

Cinema of Africa

* List of African films

Music of Africa

* African popular music * Afrobeat *

Afrobeats Afrobeats (not to be confused with Afrobeat or Afroswing), or Afro-pop or Afro-fusion (or Afropop or Afrofusion), is an umbrella term to describe popular music from West Africa and the diaspora that initially developed in Nigeria, Ghana, and ...

* Music of Africa

Cuisine of Africa

African cuisine *

Beer in Africa Beer in Africa, especially lager, is produced commercially in most African countries, and varieties of beer are also made by indigenous people. Beer is served in a range of locales, from neighbourhood shebeens to upscale bars. Many countries hav ...

People of Africa

Chinatowns in Africa This article discusses Chinatowns in Africa. There are least three major Chinatowns in Africa. As former colonies of Europe, the coastal African nations of Madagascar, Mauritius, and South Africa were the main receiving points of Chinese immi ...

African diaspora The African diaspora is the worldwide collection of communities descended from native Africans or people from Africa, predominantly in the Americas. The term most commonly refers to the descendants of the West and Central Africans who were e ...

* Indigenous peoples of Africa * List of African millionaires

Ethnic groups in Africa

Ethnic groups in Africa * Afrikaners *

Asians in Africa There is a large Asian presence in Africa of at least 3 million people. Most arriving following European settlement in the late 19th and early 20th century but there is continued immigration to the continent to pursue economic opportunities. Asian ...

Asian South African Indian South Africans are South Africans who descend from indentured labourers and free migrants who arrived from British India during the late 1800s and early 1900s. The majority live in and around the city of Durban, making it one of the l ...

** Chinese South Africans **

Ethnic Chinese in Mozambique Ethnic Chinese in Mozambique once numbered around five thousand individuals, but their population fell significantly during the Mozambican Civil War. After the return of peace and the expansion of Sino-Mozambican economic cooperation, their numbe ...

Koreans in Africa Koreans in Africa form a very small population, estimated at only 9,200 people in 2005, with almost half of these living in South Africa. South Korean nationals can be found in 49 countries of Africa, including the continent and its surrounding i ...

* British diaspora in Africa * Greeks **

Greeks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo The first communities of the Greeks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo were established prior to Belgian colonization.Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs Democratic Republic of Congo: The Greek Community The Greek presence reached a ...

** Greeks in South Africa **

Greeks in Zimbabwe The Greeks in Zimbabwe comprise about 3,000 people of Greek origin, almost half of them from the island of Cyprus.Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign AffairsZimbabwe: The Greek Community Zimbabwe currently hosts eleven Greek Orthodox churches ...

* Indian diaspora in East Africa * Indian South Africans * Indians in Kenya *

Indians in Mozambique Indian Mozambicans form the sixth-largest Indian diaspora community in Africa, according to the statistics of India's Ministry of External Affairs. Roughly 70,000 people of Indian descent reside in Mozambique, as well as 870 Indian expatriates. ...

Serer people The Serer people are a West African ethnoreligious group.

Tamil South Africans Tamil South Africans are Indian South Africans of Tamil descent. Tamil people form the majority of Indian immigrants who came from India to Natal, South Africa, from 1860 onwards. After the expiry of their indentures most of these Indians moved ...

* White Africans of European ancestry * White South African * Whites in Zimbabwe *

Whites in Kenya White people in Kenya or White Kenyans are those born in or resident in Kenya who descend from Europeans and/or identify themselves as white. Around 0.1% of the population of Kenya is white. There is currently a minor but relatively prominent ...

Some famous individuals from Africa

Aaron According to Abrahamic religions, Aaron ''′aharon'', ar, هارون, Hārūn, Greek (Septuagint): Ἀαρών; often called Aaron the priest ()., group="note" ( or ; ''’Ahărōn'') was a prophet, a high priest, and the elder brother of ...

, first high-priest of

children of Israel The Israelites (; , , ) were a group of Semitic-speaking tribes in the ancient Near East who, during the Iron Age, inhabited a part of Canaan. The earliest recorded evidence of a people by the name of Israel appears in the Merneptah Stele o ...

* Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi,

Imam Imam (; ar, إمام '; plural: ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a worship leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, lead prayers, ser ...

and General of the Adal Sultanate. * Alexander the Great, conqueror; founded Alexandria in Egypt. *

Cleopatra VII Cleopatra VII Philopator ( grc-gre, Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ}, "Cleopatra the father-beloved"; 69 BC10 August 30 BC) was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC, and its last active ruler.She was also a ...

, queen of Egypt. *

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (born Ellen Eugenia Johnson, 29 October 1938) is a Liberian politician who served as the 24th president of Liberia from 2006 to 2018. Sirleaf was the first elected female head of state in Africa. Sirleaf was born in Mon ...

, current President of

, first elected black female head of state in the world. *

F. W. de Klerk Frederik Willem de Klerk (, , 18 March 1936 – 11 November 2021) was a South African politician who served as state president of South Africa from 1989 to 1994 and as deputy president from 1994 to 1996 in the democratic government. As South A ...

, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize for helping end apartheid in South Africa. * Haile Selassie I, last

Emperor of Ethiopia The emperor of Ethiopia ( gez, ንጉሠ ነገሥት, nəgusä nägäst, "King of Kings"), also known as the Atse ( am, ዐፄ, "emperor"), was the hereditary monarchy, hereditary ruler of the Ethiopian Empire, from at least the 13th century ...

. * Kofi Annan, diplomat from Ghana. * Léopold Sédar Senghor, poet and first president of Senegal. *

Miriam Miriam ( he, מִרְיָם ''Mīryām'', lit. 'Rebellion') is described in the Hebrew Bible as the daughter of Amram and Jochebed, and the older sister of Moses and Aaron. She was a prophetess and first appears in the Book of Exodus. The Tor ...

, sister of

Moses Moses hbo, מֹשֶׁה, Mōše; also known as Moshe or Moshe Rabbeinu (Mishnaic Hebrew: מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ, ); syr, ܡܘܫܐ, Mūše; ar, موسى, Mūsā; grc, Mωϋσῆς, Mōÿsēs () is considered the most important pro ...

. *

, prophet who received the Ten Commandments. * Muhammad Ahmad, ("The Mahdi"), Sudanese rebel leader and messianic Islamic reformer. * Nefertiti, queen of Egypt. *

Nelson Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (; ; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African Internal resistance to apartheid, anti-apartheid activist who served as the President of South Africa, first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1 ...

, political leader in South Africa. * Ramesses II, often regarded as Ancient Egypt's greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh. * Shaka, legendary leader of the

Zulu Kingdom The Zulu Kingdom (, ), sometimes referred to as the Zulu Empire or the Kingdom of Zululand, was a monarchy in Southern Africa. During the 1810s, Shaka established a modern standing army that consolidated rival clans and built a large following ...

. * Tutankhamun, ("King Tut"), Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty.

Religion in Africa

Religion in Africa * Traditional African religions * Buddhism in Africa * Christianity in Africa **

Catholic Church in Africa The Catholic Church in Africa is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in full communion with the Holy See in Rome. Christian activity in Africa began in the 1st century when the Patriarchate of Alexandria in Egypt was formed as one of the fou ...

Hinduism in Africa Mauritius is the only African Union country where Hinduism is the dominant religion, with about 50% of the population as followers in 2011. Hinduism is the second largest religion in Réunion (6.7%) and Seychelles (2.4%). History Hinduism ...

Judaism in Africa African Jewish communities include: *Sephardi Jews and Mizrahi Jews who primarily live in the Maghreb of North Africa, including Morocco, Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia, as well as Sudan and Egypt. Some were established early in the diaspora; other ...

* Islam in Africa *

Serer religion The Serer religion, or ''a ƭat Roog'' ("the way of the Divine"), is the original religious beliefs, practices, and teachings of the Serer people of Senegal in West Africa. The Serer religion believes in a universal supreme deity called Roog (o ...

Sports in Africa

* African Games *

Africa Cup of Nations The Africa Cup of Nations referred to as AFCON (french: Coupe d'Afrique des Nations, sometimes referred to as CAN, or TotalEnergies Africa Cup of Nations for sponsorship reasons), and sometimes as African Cup of Nations, is the main internati ...

Ethiopian Super Cup The Ethiopian Super Cup ( Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ አሸናፊዎች አሸናፊ ዋንጫ) is a match competition in Ethiopian football, played between the Ethiopian Premier League champions and the Ethiopian Cup winners. Finals *1985 : B ...

* FIBA Africa * Ice hockey in Africa * List of African records in athletics

Environment of Africa

Environmental issues in Africa Environmental issues can be defined as the harmful effects of any human activity on the environment. African environmental issues are caused by anthropogenic effects on the African natural environment and have major impacts on humans and nearly a ...

* Fauna of Africa ** List of primates of Africa **

List of reptiles of Africa African reptiles are categorized by reptilian order: Order Testudines: turtles Order Squamata: snakes and lizards *Acanthocercus *Acanthodactylus erythrurus * Acanthodactylus mechriguensis *Agama (genus) *Agama agama *Agama aculeata * Agama a ...

Economy and infrastructure of Africa

Economy of Africa * Agriculture **

Push–pull technology Push–pull may refer to: In electronic technology *Push–pull output, type of electronic circuit * Push–pull converter, in electronics, is a type of DC to DC converter that uses a transformer * Push–pull connector, an electronic cable conne ...

* Banks in Africa * Cement in Africa * Energy in Africa ** Power stations in Africa **

Renewable energy in Africa The developing nations of Africa are popular locations for the application of renewable energy technology. Currently, many nations already have small-scale solar, wind, and geothermal devices in operation providing energy to urban and rural popul ...

* Health care in Africa ** HIV/AIDS in Africa **

Hospitals in Africa A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized health science and auxiliary healthcare staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an emergency ...

* Mineral industry of Africa ** Mining in Africa *** Metals **** Aluminum in Africa ****

Copper in Africa Copper is one of the world's most important industrial minerals, and Africa is an important world producer. While output is traditionally dominated by Zambia, South Africa and Katanga Province in the south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, ...

**** Iron ore in Africa ****

Platinum in Africa Platinum and platinum group metals are produced in Zimbabwe and South Africa. Of the multitudes of companies involved in producing platinum group metals in these two countries, these are the principal operators: South Africa World's leading pl ...

****

Titanium in Africa Titanium mining in Africa has been beset by environmental problems due to the polluting nature of processing rutile, a principal titanium ore. Titanium production in Africa includes the following principal countries and companies. Kenya * Base Ti ...

****

Uranium in Africa Uranium production is an important part of the African economy, with Niger, Namibia and South Africa creating up to 18% of the world's annual production. Many African countries produce uranium or have untapped uranium ore deposits. List Algeria ...

Steel in Africa Steel is an alloy made up of iron with added carbon to improve its strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron. Many other elements may be present or added. Stainless steels that are corrosion- and oxidation-resistant ty ...

* Natural resources of Africa * Poverty in Africa * Late-2000s recession in Africa * List of African stock exchanges

Communications in Africa

Communications in Africa *

Internet in Africa The Internet in Africa is limited by a lower penetration rate when compared to the rest of the world. Measurable parameters such as the number of ISP subscriptions, overall number of hosts, IXP-traffic, and overall available bandwidth are ind ...

Media of Africa The media in Africa is expanding rapidly due to advances in telecommunications, especially mobile phones and the internet. In newspaper reporting, many Africans have won international media awards. In writing both prose and poetry, many awards hav ...

** Newspapers in Africa **

Radio in Africa Radio is the technology of signaling and telecommunication, communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device ...

Television in Africa Television, sometimes shortened to TV, is a telecommunication Media (communication), medium for transmitting moving images and sound. The term can refer to a television set, or the medium of Transmission (telecommunications), television tra ...

* Telephone numbers in Africa

Transport in Africa

* Air transport in Africa **

Airlines of Africa Airlines have proliferated in Africa because, in many countries, road and rail networks are not well developed due to financial issues, terrain, and rainy seasons. Ben R. Guttery, author of ''Encyclopedia of African Airlines'', said "Although m ...

*** List of largest airlines in Africa ** List of the busiest airports in Africa *

Trans-African Highway network The Trans-African Highway network comprises transcontinental road projects in Africa being developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), the African Development Bank (ADB), and the African Union in conjunction with reg ...

Education in Africa

Education in Africa The history of education in Africa can be roughly divided into pre- and post- colonial periods. Since the introduction of formal education to Africa by European colonists, African education, particularly in West and Central Africa, is characterise ...

* Adult education in Africa *

Association of International Schools in Africa The Association of International Schools in Africa (AISA) is a professional association of international schools in Africa. It was founded in 1969. Description AISA's membership also includes Associate Members which are businesses, organizat ...

Universities in Africa This is a list of lists of universities and colleges by country, sorted by continent and region. The lists represent educational institutions throughout the world which provide higher education in tertiary education, tertiary, postgraduate educati ...

** Business schools in Africa ** Medical schools in Africa

Governments of Africa

African Union The African Union (AU) is a continental union consisting of 55 member states located on the continent of Africa. The AU was announced in the Sirte Declaration in Sirte, Libya, on 9 September 1999, calling for the establishment of the Africa ...

** African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights

Politics of Africa

Politics of Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

Anarchism in Africa Anarchism in Africa refers both to purported anarchic political organisation of some traditional African societies and to modern anarchist movements in Africa. "Anarchic elements" in traditional cultures Sam Mbah and I. E. Igariwey in ''Afric ...

Conflicts in Africa Conflict may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Conflict'' (1921 film), an American silent film directed by Stuart Paton * ''Conflict'' (1936 film), an American boxing film starring John Wayne * ''Conflict'' (1937 film) ...

* Monarchies in Africa *

Political parties in Africa Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies ...

* Pan-Africanism

Foreign relations of Africa

Sino-African relations Sino-African relations or Afro-Chinese relations are the historical, political, economic, military, social, and cultural connection between mainland China and the African continent. Little is known about ancient relations between China and ...

Law of Africa

Law of Africa *

Ages of consent in Africa The age of consent in Africa for sexual activity varies by jurisdiction across the continent. The specific activity engaged in or the gender of its participants can also affect this age and the legality of sexual activity. The highlighted age re ...

References

External links

;News
allAfrica.com
current news, events and statistics
BBC News In Depth - Africa 2005: Time for Change?

Yale Economic Review Africa: Failed Economic History
;History

African Kingdoms

BBC Story of Africa Kingdoms
;Directories
Library of Congress - African & Middle Eastern Reading Room
*
Stanford University - Africa South of the Sahara

The Index on Africa
directory from The Norwegian Council for Africa
Aluka - Digital library of scholarly resources from and about Africa
;Politics
''Africa Action''
Africa Action is the oldest organization in the United States working on African affairs. It is a national organization that works for political, economic and social justice in Africa.
Working class history in Africa
��people's and grassroots histories ;Sports
Confederation of African Football; in English and French
;Tourism * {{DEFAULTSORT:Africa Africa Africa

Geography of Africa

Regions of Africa

Directional regions

Physiographic regions

Countries of Africa

West Africa

North Africa

Central Africa

East Africa

Southern Africa

Dependencies

Geographic features of Africa

Demography of Africa

History of Africa

History of Africa by period

History of Africa by year

History of Africa by region

History of Africa by subject

Empires in Africa

Culture of Africa

Art in Africa

Cinema of Africa

Music of Africa

Cuisine of Africa

People of Africa

Ethnic groups in Africa

Some famous individuals from Africa

Religion in Africa

Sports in Africa

Environment of Africa

Economy and infrastructure of Africa

Communications in Africa

Transport in Africa

Education in Africa

Governments of Africa

Politics of Africa

Foreign relations of Africa

Law of Africa

See also

References

External links