This is a complete list of clinically approved prescription
antidepressant
Antidepressants are a class of medication used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic pain conditions, and to help manage addictions. Common Side effect, side-effects of antidepressants include Xerostomia, dry mouth, weig ...
s throughout the world, as well as clinically approved prescription drugs used to augment antidepressants or
mood stabilizer
A mood stabilizer is a psychiatric medication used to treat mood disorders characterized by intense and sustained mood shifts, such as bipolar disorder and the bipolar type of schizoaffective disorder.
Uses
Mood stabilizers are best known for ...
s, by pharmacological and/or structural classification. ''Chemical/generic names are listed first, with brand names in parentheses. All drugs listed are approved specifically for
major depressive disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. Intro ...
unless noted otherwise.''
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and other psychological conditions.
SSRIs increase the extracellul ...
s (SSRIs)
*
Citalopram
Citalopram, sold under the brand name Celexa among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. It is used to treat major depressive disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and so ...
(Celexa, Cipramil)
*
Escitalopram (Lexapro, Cipralex)
*
Fluoxetine
Fluoxetine, sold under the brand names Prozac and Sarafem, among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. It is used for the treatment of major depressive disorder, obsessive–compulsive diso ...
(Prozac, Sarafem)
*
Fluvoxamine (Luvox, Faverin)
*
Paroxetine (Paxil, Seroxat)
*
Sertraline
Sertraline, sold under the brand name Zoloft among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. The efficacy of sertraline for depression is similar to that of other antidepressants, and the diffe ...
(Zoloft, Lustral)
Discontinued/withdrawn
*
Indalpine (Upstene)
*
Zimelidine (Normud, Zelmid)
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are a class of antidepressant drugs used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), social phobia, attention-deficit hyperactivity di ...
s (SNRIs)
*
Desvenlafaxine
Desvenlafaxine, sold under the brand name Pristiq among others, is a medication used to treat depression. It is an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class and is taken by mouth. It is recommended that the ...
(Pristiq)
*
Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
*
Levomilnacipran
Levomilnacipran (brand name Fetzima) is an antidepressant which was approved in the United States in 2013 for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults. It is the levorotatory enantiomer of milnacipran, and has similar effects an ...
(Fetzima)
*
Milnacipran (Ixel, Savella, Milnaneurax)
*
Venlafaxine
Venlafaxine, sold under the brand name Effexor among others, is an antidepressant medication of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class. It is used to treat major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic ...
(Effexor, Trevilor)
Serotonin modulators and stimulators (SMSs)
*
Vilazodone
Vilazodone, sold under the brand name Viibryd among others, is a medication used to treat major depressive disorder. It is taken Oral administration, by mouth.
Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and trouble sleeping. Serious side ef ...
(Viibryd)
*
Vortioxetine (Trintellix, Brintellix)
Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor
Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs) are a class of drugs used mainly as antidepressants, but also as anxiolytics and hypnotics. They act by antagonizing serotonin receptors such as 5-HT2A and inhibiting the reuptake of ser ...
s (SARIs)
*
Nefazodone
Nefazodone, sold formerly under the brand names Serzone, Dutonin, and Nefadar among others, is an atypical antidepressant which was first marketed by Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) in 1994 but has since largely been discontinued. BMS withdrew it from ...
(Dutonin, Nefadar, Serzone) – withdrawn/discontinued in most countries
*
Trazodone
Trazodone, sold under many brand names, is an antidepressant medication. It is used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and difficulties with sleep. The medication is taken orally.
Common side-effects include dry mouth, f ...
(Desyrel)
Discontinued/withdrawn
*
Etoperidone
Etoperidone, associated with several brand names, is an atypical antidepressant which was developed in the 1970s and either is no longer marketed or was never marketed. It is a phenylpiperazine related to trazodone and nefazodone in chemical st ...
(Axiomin, Etonin)
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
A norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI, NERI) or noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor or adrenergic reuptake inhibitor (ARI), is a type of drug that acts as a reuptake inhibitor for the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and ep ...
s (NRIs)
*
Reboxetine
Reboxetine, sold under the brand name Edronax among others, is a drug of the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) class, marketed as an antidepressant by Pfizer for use in the treatment of major depression, although it has also been used of ...
(Edronax)
*
Teniloxazine
Teniloxazine (Lucelan, Metatone), also known as sufoxazine and sulfoxazine, is a drug which is marketed in Japan. Though initially investigated as a neuroprotective and nootropic agent for the treatment of cerebrovascular insufficiency in the 19 ...
(Lucelan, Metatone) – also a
5-HT2A receptor antagonist
*
Viloxazine
Viloxazine, sold under the brand name Qelbree and formerly as Vivalan among others, is a noradrenergic medication which is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. It was marketed for almos ...
(Vivalan) – also a
5-HT2B receptor antagonist and
5-HT2C receptor agonist
An agonist is a chemical that activates a receptor to produce a biological response. Receptors are cellular proteins whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an antagonist blocks the action of the ag ...
Off-label only
*
Atomoxetine
Atomoxetine, sold under the brand name Strattera, among others, is a medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It may be used alone or along with psychostimulants. It is also used as a cognitive enhancer to imp ...
(Strattera)
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs)
*
Bupropion
Bupropion, sold under the brand names Wellbutrin and Zyban among others, is an atypical antidepressant primarily used to treat major depressive disorder and to support smoking cessation. It is also popular as an add-on medication in the cas ...
(Wellbutrin, Elontril) – also a
non-competitive antagonist of
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, or nAChRs, are receptor polypeptides that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Nicotinic receptors also respond to drugs such as the agonist nicotine. They are found in the central and peripheral ner ...
s
Off-label only
*
Amphetamine
Amphetamine (contracted from alpha- methylphenethylamine) is a strong central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity. It is also commonly used ...
s (e.g.,
Adderall
Adderall and Mydayis are trade names for a combination drug called mixed amphetamine salts containing four salts of amphetamine. The mixture is composed of equal parts racemic amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, which produces a (3:1) ratio ...
,
Dexedrine,
Vyvanse
Lisdexamfetamine, sold under the brand name Vyvanse among others, is a stimulant medication that is mainly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in people over the age of five as well as moderate-to-severe binge eating ...
) – actually
norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agents (NDRAs)
*
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate, sold under the brand names Ritalin and Concerta among others, is the most widely prescribed central nervous system (CNS) stimulant medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and, to a lesser extent ...
(Ritalin)
*
Modafinil
Modafinil, sold under the brand name Provigil among others, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant medication used to treat sleepiness due to narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, and obstructive sleep apnea. While it has seen off-la ...
(Provigil) – actually a selective
dopamine reuptake inhibitor
A dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) is a class of drug which acts as a reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine by blocking the action of the dopamine transporter (DAT). Reuptake inhibition is achieved when extracellular ...
plus other actions
Discontinued/withdrawn
*
Amineptine
Amineptine, formerly sold under the brand name Survector among others, is an atypical antidepressant of the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) family. It acts as a selective and mixed dopamine reuptake inhibitor and releasing agent, and to a lesser ...
(Survector, Maneon)
*
Nomifensine (Merital, Alival)
Tricyclic antidepressants
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants, which is important for the management of depression. They are second-line drugs next to SSRIs. TCAs were discovered in the early 1950s and wer ...
(TCAs)
*
Amitriptyline
Amitriptyline, sold under the brand name Elavil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant primarily used to treat cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), major depressive disorder and a variety of pain syndromes from neuropathic pain to fibromyalgi ...
(Elavil, Endep)
*
Amitriptylinoxide
Amitriptylinoxide (brand names Amioxid, Ambivalon, Equilibrin), or amitriptyline ''N''-oxide, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which was introduced in Europe in the 1970s for the treatment of depression.
Amitriptylinoxide is both an analog ...
(Amioxid, Ambivalon, Equilibrin)
*
Clomipramine (Anafranil)
*
Desipramine (Norpramin, Pertofrane)
*
Dibenzepin (Noveril, Victoril)
*
Dimetacrine
Dimetacrine (brand names Istonil, Istonyl, Linostil, Miroistonil), also known as dimethacrine and acripramine, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used in Europe and formerly in Japan for the treatment of depression. It has imipramine-like effec ...
(Istonil)
*
Dosulepin (Prothiaden)
*
Doxepin
Doxepin is a medication falling in the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) class used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic hives, and insomnia. For label updates seFDA index page for NDA 022036/ref> For hives it is a less ...
(Adapin, Sinequan)
*
Imipramine (Tofranil)
*
Lofepramine (Lomont, Gamanil)
*
Melitracen
Melitracen (brand names Melixeran) is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), for the treatment of depression and anxiety. In addition to single drug preparations, it is also available as Deanxit, marketed by Lundbeck, a combination product containi ...
(Dixeran, Melixeran, Trausabun)
*
Nitroxazepine (Sintamil)
*
Nortriptyline
Nortriptyline, sold under the brand name Pamelor, among others, is a medication used to treat depression. This medicine is used for: neuropathic pain, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), smoking cessation and anxiety. As with many ...
(Pamelor, Aventyl)
*
Noxiptiline
Noxiptiline (brand names Agedal, Elronon, Nogedal), also known as noxiptyline and dibenzoxine, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that was introduced in Europe in the 1970s for the treatment of depression. It has imipramine-like effects, actin ...
(Agedal, Elronon, Nogedal)
*
Opipramol
Opipramol, sold under the brand name Insidon among others, is an anxiolytic and antidepressant that is used throughout Europe. Despite chemically being a tricyclic dibenzazepine (iminostilbene) derivative similar to imipramine, opipramol is no ...
(Insidon)
*
Pipofezine (Azafen/Azaphen)
*
Protriptyline
Protriptyline, sold under the brand name Vivactil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), specifically a secondary amine, indicated for the treatment of depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Uniquely among ...
(Vivactil)
*
Trimipramine
Trimipramine, sold under the brand name Surmontil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which is used to treat depression. It has also been used for its sedative, anxiolytic, and weak antipsychotic effects in the treatment of insomni ...
(Surmontil)
Amineptine
Amineptine, formerly sold under the brand name Survector among others, is an atypical antidepressant of the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) family. It acts as a selective and mixed dopamine reuptake inhibitor and releasing agent, and to a lesser ...
(Survector, Maneon) and
tianeptine
Tianeptine, sold under the brand names Stablon and Coaxil among others, is an atypical antidepressant which is used mainly in the treatment of major depressive disorder, although it may also be used to treat anxiety, asthma, and irritable bowel ...
(Stablon, Coaxil) are technically TCAs but are atypical, and are grouped elsewhere.
Discontinued/withdrawn
*
Butriptyline
Butriptyline, sold under the brand name Evadyne among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that has been used in the United Kingdom and several other European countries for the treatment of depression but appears to no longer be marketed ...
(Evadyne)
*
Demexiptiline
Demexiptiline (brand names Deparon, Tinoran) is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used in France for the treatment of depression. It acts primarily as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor similarly to desipramine
Desipramine, sold under the b ...
(Deparon, Tinoran)
*
Fluacizine
Fluacizine, sold under the brand name Phtorazisin, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) of the phenothiazine group which is or was marketed in Russia. Unlike other phenothiazines, fluacizine is not an antipsychotic, and can actually reverse catal ...
(Phtorazisin)
*
Imipraminoxide (Imiprex, Elepsin)
*
Iprindole (Prondol, Galatur, Tetran)
*
Metapramine (Timaxel)
*
Propizepine (Depressin, Vagran)
*
Quinupramine
Quinupramine (brand names Kevopril, Kinupril, Adeprim, Quinuprine) is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used in Europe for the treatment of depression.
Pharmacologically, quinupramine acts ''in vitro'' as a strong muscarinic acetylcholine recep ...
(Kinupril, Kevopril)
*
Tiazesim (Altinil) – actually not a TCA but a
tricyclic-like antidepressant
*
Tofenacin (Elamol, Tofacine) – actually not a TCA but a
tricyclic-like antidepressant
Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs)
*
Amoxapine (Asendin)
*
Maprotiline
Maprotiline, sold under the brand name Ludiomil among others, is a tetracyclic antidepressant (TeCA) that is used in the treatment of depression. It may alternatively be classified as a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), specifically a secondary am ...
(Ludiomil)
*
Mianserin
Mianserin, sold under the brand name Tolvon among others, is an atypical antidepressant that is used primarily in the treatment of depression in Europe and elsewhere in the world. It is a tetracyclic antidepressant (TeCA). Mianserin is closel ...
(Tolvon)
*
Mirtazapine
Mirtazapine, sold under the brand name Remeron amongst others, is an atypical antidepressant, and as such is used primarily to treat depression. Its effects may take up to four weeks, but can also manifest as early as one to two weeks. It is o ...
(Remeron)
*
Setiptiline (Tecipul)
Mianserin, mirtazapine, and setiptiline are also sometimes described as ''
noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants'' (NaSSAs).
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). They are best known as effective antidepressants, esp ...
s (MAOIs)
Irreversible
Non-selective
*
Isocarboxazid
Isocarboxazid (Marplan, Marplon, Enerzer) is a non-selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class used as an antidepressant. Along with phenelzine and tranylcypromine, it is one of only three classical MAOIs st ...
(Marplan)
*
Phenelzine (Nardil)
*
Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
''Discontinued/withdrawn''
*
Benmoxin (Neuralex)
*
Iproclozide
Iproclozide (trade names Sursum, Sinderesin) is an irreversible and selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine chemical class that was used as an antidepressant, but has since been discontinued. It has been known to cause fu ...
(Sursum)
*
Iproniazid
Iproniazid (Marsilid, Rivivol, Euphozid, Iprazid, Ipronid, Ipronin) is a non-selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class. It is a xenobiotic that was originally designed to treat tuberculosis, but was later ...
(Marsilid)
*
Mebanazine (Actomol)
*
Nialamide (Niamid)
*
Octamoxin (Ximaol)
*
Pheniprazine
Pheniprazine (INN; also known as amphethydrazine and amphetamine hydrazide; brand names Catron and Cavodil; codename JB-516) is an irreversible and nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine chemical class that was used ...
(Catron)
*
Phenoxypropazine
Phenoxypropazine (trade name Drazine) is an irreversible and non- selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine family. It was introduced as an antidepressant in 1961, but was subsequently withdrawn in 1966 due to hepatotoxicit ...
(Drazine)
*
Pivhydrazine (Tersavid)
*
Safrazine
Safrazine (Safra) is a non-selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class that was introduced as an antidepressant in the 1960s, but has since been discontinued.
See also
* Hydrazine (antidepressant)
Th ...
(Safra)
Selective for MAO-B
*
Selegiline
Selegiline, also known as L-deprenyl and sold under the brand names Eldepryl and Emsam among others, is a medication which is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and major depressive disorder. It is provided in the form of a capsule or ...
(Eldepryl, Zelapar, Emsam)
Reversible
Non-selective
''Discontinued/withdrawn''
*
Caroxazone (Surodil, Timostenil)
Selective for MAO-A
*
Metralindole
Metralindole (Inkazan) is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) which was investigated in Russia as a potential antidepressant. It is structurally and pharmacologically
Pharmacology is a branch of medicine, biology and phar ...
(Inkazan)
*
Moclobemide (Aurorix, Manerix)
*
Pirlindole
Pirlindole (Lifril, Pyrazidol) is mainly a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) and secondly a SNRI which was developed and is used in Russia as an antidepressant. It is structurally and pharmacologically related to metralindole. ...
(Pirazidol)
These drugs are sometimes described as ''
reversible inhibitors of MAO-A'' (RIMAs).
''Discontinued/withdrawn''
*
Eprobemide
Eprobemide ( INN) is a pharmaceutical drug that was used as an antidepressant in Russia (under the brand name Бефол/Befol). It is a non-competitive reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A that exhibits selective action on serotonin deami ...
(Befol)
*
Minaprine (Brantur, Cantor)
*
Toloxatone (Humoryl)
Mixed
Non-selective
*
Bifemelane
Bifemelane (INN) (Alnert, Celeport), or bifemelane hydrochloride ( JAN), also known as 4-(''O''-benzylphenoxy)-''N''-methylbutylamine, is an antidepressant and cerebral activator that is widely used in the treatment of cerebral infarction patien ...
(Alnert, Celeport) – RIMA, irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B, and weak NRI
Atypical antipsychotic
The atypical antipsychotics (AAP), also known as second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and serotonin–dopamine antagonists (SDAs), are a group of antipsychotic drugs (antipsychotic drugs in general are also known as major tranquilizers and ne ...
s
*
Amisulpride
Amisulpride is an antiemetic and antipsychotic medication used at lower doses intravenously to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting; and at higher doses by mouth to treat schizophrenia and acute psychotic episodes. It is sold un ...
(Solian) – approved in low doses as a monotherapy for
persistent depression
*
Lumateperone (Caplyta) – approved as a monotherapy for
bipolar depression
*
Lurasidone (Latuda) – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression
*
Quetiapine
Quetiapine, sold under the brand name Seroquel among others, is an atypical antipsychotic medication used for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Despite being widely used as a sleep aid due to its ...
(Seroquel) – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression
Others
Marketed
*
Agomelatine
Agomelatine, sold under the brand names Valdoxan and Thymanax, among others, is an atypical antidepressant most commonly used to treat major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. One review found that it is as effective as other a ...
(Valdoxan) –
5-HT2C receptor antagonist
An antagonist is a character in a story who is presented as the chief foe of the protagonist.
Etymology
The English word antagonist comes from the Greek ἀνταγωνιστής – ''antagonistēs'', "opponent, competitor, villain, enemy, ri ...
and
MT1 and
MT2 receptor agonist
*
Brexanolone (allopregnanolone; Zulresso) –
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator – approved for
postpartum depression
Postpartum depression (PPD), also called postnatal depression, is a type of mood disorder associated with childbirth, which can affect both sexes. Symptoms may include extreme sadness, low energy, anxiety, crying episodes, irritability, and cha ...
*
Bupropion/dextromethorphan (Auvelity) –
non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist,
σ1 receptor agonist, serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor, other actions
*
Esketamine (Spravato) – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, other actions
*
Tianeptine
Tianeptine, sold under the brand names Stablon and Coaxil among others, is an atypical antidepressant which is used mainly in the treatment of major depressive disorder, although it may also be used to treat anxiety, asthma, and irritable bowel ...
(Stablon, Coaxil, Tianeurax) – weak and atypical
μ-opioid receptor
The μ-opioid receptors (MOR) are a class of opioid receptors with a high affinity for enkephalins and beta-endorphin, but a low affinity for dynorphins. They are also referred to as μ(''mu'')-opioid peptide (MOP) receptors. The prototypical ...
agonist, other actions
Off-label only
*
Ketamine
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic used medically for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. It is also used as a recreational drug. It is one of the safest anesthetics, as, in contrast with opiates, ether, and propofol, it suppress ...
(Ketalar) – non-competitive
NMDA receptor antagonist
Discontinued/withdrawn
*
α-Methyltryptamine /nowiki>αMT/nowiki> (Indopan) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), and weak RIMA
* Etryptamine /nowiki>α-Ethyltryptamine (αET)/nowiki> (Monase) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, SNDRA, and weak RIMA
* Indeloxazine
Indeloxazine (INN) (Elen, Noin) is an antidepressant and cerebral activator that was marketed in Japan and South Korea by Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms associated with cerebrovascular diseases, na ...
(Elen, Noin) – serotonin releasing agent (SRA), NRI, and NMDA receptor antagonist
* Medifoxamine
Medifoxamine, previously sold under the brand names Clédial and Gerdaxyl, is an atypical antidepressant with additional anxiolytic properties acting via dopaminergic and serotonergic mechanisms which was formerly marketed in France and Spain, a ...
(Clédial, Gerdaxyl) – weak serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitor
A serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SDRI) is a type of drug which acts as a reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine by blocking the actions of the serotonin transporter (SERT) and dopamine transporter ( ...
(SDRI) and 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor antagonist
* Oxaflozane (Conflictan) – 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C receptor agonist
* Pivagabine (Tonerg) – unknown/unclear mechanism of action
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect. A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targ ...
Over-the-counter
The following antidepressants are available both with a prescription and over-the-counter
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines sold directly to a consumer without a requirement for a prescription from a healthcare professional, as opposed to prescription drugs, which may be supplied only to consumers possessing a valid prescr ...
:
* Ademetionine /nowiki>''S''-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe)/nowiki> (Heptral, Transmetil, Samyl) – cofactor in monoamine neurotransmitter biosynthesis
Biosynthesis is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined to form macromolecul ...
* '' Hypericum perforatum'' /nowiki>St. John's Wort (SJW)/nowiki> (Jarsin, Kira, Movina) – TRPC6 activator, and various other actions
* Oxitriptan /nowiki>5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)/nowiki> (Cincofarm, Levothym, Triptum) – precursor
Precursor or Precursors may refer to:
* Precursor (religion), a forerunner, predecessor
** The Precursor, John the Baptist
Science and technology
* Precursor (bird), a hypothesized genus of fossil birds that was composed of fossilized parts of u ...
in serotonin
Serotonin () or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Its biological function is complex and multifaceted, modulating mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and numerous physiological processes such as vomiting and va ...
biosynthesis
* Tryptophan
Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W)
is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic ...
(Tryptan, Optimax, Aminomine) – precursor in serotonin biosynthesis
Adjunctive treatments
Atypical antipsychotic
The atypical antipsychotics (AAP), also known as second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and serotonin–dopamine antagonists (SDAs), are a group of antipsychotic drugs (antipsychotic drugs in general are also known as major tranquilizers and ne ...
s
* Aripiprazole (Abilify) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression
* Brexpiprazole
Brexpiprazole, sold under the brand name Rexulti among others, is an atypical antipsychotic. It is a dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist and has been described as a "serotonin–dopamine activity modulator" (SDAM). The drug was approved by the ...
(Rexulti) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression
* Lumateperone (Caplyta) – approved as an adjunct to mood stabilizer for bipolar depression
* Lurasidone (Latuda) – approved as an adjunct to mood stabilizer for bipolar depression
* Olanzapine
Olanzapine (sold under the trade name Zyprexa among others) is an atypical antipsychotic primarily used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. For schizophrenia, it can be used for both new-onset disease and long-term maintenance. It is t ...
(Zyprexa) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression
* Quetiapine
Quetiapine, sold under the brand name Seroquel among others, is an atypical antipsychotic medication used for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Despite being widely used as a sleep aid due to its ...
(Seroquel) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant or mood stabilizer for major depression and bipolar depression
Off-label only
* Risperidone
Risperidone, sold under the brand name Risperdal among others, is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It is taken either by mouth or by injection (subcutaneous or intramuscular). The injectable versions ...
(Risperdal)
Typical antipsychotics
Off-label only
* Trifluoperazine
Trifluoperazine, marketed under the brand name Stelazine among others, is a typical antipsychotic primarily used to treat schizophrenia. It may also be used short term in those with generalized anxiety disorder but is less preferred to benzodiaze ...
(Stelazine)
Others
Off-label only
* Buspirone (Buspar) – 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist
* Lithium
Lithium (from el, λίθος, lithos, lit=stone) is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. Under standard conditions, it is the least dense metal and the least dense soli ...
(Eskalith, Lithobid) – mood stabilizer
A mood stabilizer is a psychiatric medication used to treat mood disorders characterized by intense and sustained mood shifts, such as bipolar disorder and the bipolar type of schizoaffective disorder.
Uses
Mood stabilizers are best known for ...
(mechanism of action unknown/unclear)
* Thyroxine
File:Thyroid_system.svg, upright=1.5, The thyroid system of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4
rect 376 268 820 433 Thyroid-stimulating hormone
rect 411 200 849 266 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
rect 297 168 502 200 Hypothalamus
rect 66 216 386 25 ...
(T4) – thyroid hormone
File:Thyroid_system.svg, upright=1.5, The thyroid system of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4
rect 376 268 820 433 Thyroid-stimulating hormone
rect 411 200 849 266 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
rect 297 168 502 200 Hypothalamus
rect 66 216 386 25 ...
(thyroid hormone receptor
The thyroid hormone receptor (TR) is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by binding thyroid hormone. TRs act as transcription factors, ultimately affecting the regulation of gene transcription and translation. These receptors also have ...
agonist)
* Triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine, also known as T3, is a thyroid hormone. It affects almost every physiological process in the body, including growth and development, metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate.
Production of T3 and its prohormone thyrox ...
(T3) – thyroid hormone (thyroid hormone receptor agonist)
Combination products
* Amitriptyline/chlordiazepoxide (Limbitrol) – TCA and benzodiazepine
Benzodiazepines (BZD, BDZ, BZs), sometimes called "benzos", are a class of depressant drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring. They are prescribed to treat conditions such as anxiety disorders, ...
combination
* Amitriptyline/perphenazine (Etafron) – TCA and typical antipsychotic combination
* Flupentixol/melitracen (Deanxit) – TCA and typical antipsychotic combination
* Olanzapine/fluoxetine
Olanzapine/fluoxetine (trade name Symbyax, created by Eli Lilly and Company) is a fixed-dose combination medication containing olanzapine (Zyprexa), an atypical antipsychotic, and fluoxetine (Prozac), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( ...
(Symbyax) – SSRI and atypical antipsychotic combination – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression and treatment-resistant depression
* Tranylcypromine/trifluoperazine (Parstelin, Parmodalin, Jatrosom N, Stelapar) – MAOI and typical antipsychotic combination
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Antidepressants
*
Drug-related lists
Mood stabilizers