The U.S. FAA lists factors of aircraft upset in the ''Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid''https://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/training/media/AP_UpsetRecovery_Book.pdf U.S. FAA Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid, Revision 2, 443 pages, 25.8 MNote: Partial text copied from referenced FAA or NASA document. As a public work of the U.S. Government, the document is in the public domain and has no copyright. as follows: *

Turbulence In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity. It is in contrast to a laminar flow, which occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between ...

causes: ** Clear air turbulence ** Mountain wave turbulence **

Windshear Wind shear (or windshear), sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere. Atmospheric wind shear is normally described as either vertical or horizontal ...

** Thunderstorms **

Microbursts In meteorology, a downburst is a strong downward and outward gushing wind system that emanates from a point source above and blows Rotational symmetry, radially, that is, in straight lines in all directions from the area of impact at surface l ...

Wake turbulence Wake turbulence is a disturbance in the atmosphere that forms behind an aircraft as it passes through the air. It includes variety of elements, the most significant of which are wingtip vortices and jetwash. Jetwash refers to the rapidly moving g ...

** Aircraft icing * Systems anomalies: ** Flight instruments ** Autoflight systems ** Flight control and other anomalies * Pilot-Induced ** Instrument cross-check ** Adjusting attitude and power ** Inattention ** Distraction from primary cockpit duties ** Vertigo or spatial disorientation ** Pilot incapacitation ** Improper use of airplane automation ** Pilot techniques ** Pilot induced oscillation avoidance and recovery * Combination causes: **

Swept-wing A swept wing is a wing that angles either backward or occasionally forward from its root rather than in a straight sideways direction. Swept wings have been flown since the pioneer days of aviation. Wing sweep at high speeds was first investigat ...

airplane fundamentals for pilots **

Flight dynamics Flight dynamics in aviation and spacecraft, is the study of the performance, stability, and control of vehicles flying through the air or in outer space. It is concerned with how forces acting on the vehicle determine its velocity and attitude w ...

** Energy states ** Load factor (flight mechanics) ** Aerodynamic flight envelope * Aerodynamic causes: **

Angle of attack In fluid dynamics, angle of attack (AOA, α, or \alpha) is the angle between a reference line on a body (often the chord line of an airfoil) and the vector representing the relative motion between the body and the fluid through which it is m ...

and stall **

Camber Camber may refer to a variety of curvatures and angles: * Camber angle, the angle made by the wheels of a vehicle * Camber beam, an upward curvature of a joist to compensate for load deflection due in buildings * Camber thrust in bike technology * ...

** Control surface fundamentals ** Spoiler-type devices ** Trim ** Lateral and directional aerodynamic considerations ** Angle of

sideslip A slip is an aerodynamic state where an aircraft is moving ''somewhat'' sideways as well as forward relative to the oncoming airflow or relative wind. In other words, for a conventional aircraft, the nose will be pointing in the opposite directio ...

** Wing dihedral effects ** Pilot-commanded sideslip ** Crossover speed ** Static stability ** Maneuvering in pitch ** Mechanics of turning flight ** Lateral and directional maneuvering ** Flight at extremely low airspeeds ** High-altitude factors ** Stall ** icing ** Automation during high-altitude flight ** Primary flight display airspeed indications ** Human factors and high altitude upsets * Additional considerations: ** Multi-engine flame out ** Core lock ** Engine rollback ** Flight at extremely high speeds ** Defensive, aggressive maneuvers ** Situation awareness ** Startle factor ** Negative

G-force The gravitational force equivalent, or, more commonly, g-force, is a measurement of the type of force per unit mass – typically acceleration – that causes a perception of weight, with a g-force of 1 g (not gram in mass measure ...

** Use of full control inputs ** Counter-intuitive factors ** Previous training in non-similar airplanes ** Engine performance in upset situation ** Post-upset conditions

References

{{reflist Aviation risks

See also

References