The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Greenland:

Greenland Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland i ...

– autonomous Nordic nation that is a constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark. Greenland comprises the Island of Greenland and adjacent islands located between the

Arctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), Danish Realm (Greenland), Finland, Iceland, N ...

and Atlantic Oceans, east of the

Canadian Arctic Archipelago The Arctic Archipelago, also known as the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, is an archipelago lying to the north of the Canadian continental mainland, excluding Greenland (an autonomous territory of Denmark). Situated in the northern extremity of ...

. Though physiographically and ethnically an

island nation associated with the continent of North America, politically and historically, Greenland is associated with Europe, specifically Iceland, Norway, and Denmark. In 1978, Denmark granted

home rule Home rule is government of a colony, dependent country, or region by its own citizens. It is thus the power of a part (administrative division) of a state or an external dependent country to exercise such of the state's powers of governance wit ...

to Greenland, making it an equal member of the

Danish Realm The Danish Realm ( da, Danmarks Rige; fo, Danmarkar Ríki; kl, Danmarkip Naalagaaffik), officially the Kingdom of Denmark (; ; ), is a sovereign state located in Northern Europe and Northern North America. It consists of metropolitan Denma ...

. Greenland is, by area, the world's largest island which is not a continent in its own right.Joshua Calder's World Island Info
/ref>

General reference

* Pronunciation: * Common English country name:

* Official English country name:

of the Kingdom of Denmark * Common endonym(s): Kalaallit Nunaat * Official endonym(s): Kalaallit Nunaat * Adjectival(s): Greenlandic (disambiguation) * Demonym(s): Greenlander(s) *

Etymology Etymology ()The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time". is the study of the history of the Phonological chan ...

: Name of Greenland *

ISO country codes ISO 3166-1 (''Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes'') is a standard defining codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. It ...

: GL, GRL, 304 *

ISO region codes ISO 3166-2 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for identifying the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. The ...

: See ISO 3166-2:GL *

Internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...

country code top-level domain A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, sovereign state, or dependent territory identified with a country code. All ASCII ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all ...

.gl .gl is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet for Greenland. The domain is available for Internet services worldwide and registrations are handled by ICANN-accredited domain name registrars. The doma ...

Geography of Greenland

Geography of Greenland * Greenland is: an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark * Location: ** Northern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere *** North America (though not on the

mainland Mainland is defined as "relating to or forming the main part of a country or continent, not including the islands around it egardless of status under territorial jurisdiction by an entity" The term is often politically, economically and/or dem ...

) ** Between the

Arctic Ocean The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans. It spans an area of approximately and is known as the coldest of all the oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, a ...

and Atlantic Ocean **

Time zone A time zone is an area which observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the boundaries between countries and their subdivisions instead of strictly following longitude, because it ...

s: *** Danmarkshavn and

Ittoqqortoormiit Ittoqqortoormiit (East Greenlandic: ; West Greenlandic: ''Illoqqortoormiut'' ), formerly known as Scoresbysund, is a settlement in the Sermersooq municipality in eastern Greenland. Its population was 345 as of 2020 and has been described as one o ...

– UTC+00 ***

Pituffik Pituffik is a former settlement in northern Greenland, located at the eastern end of Bylot Sound by a tombolo known as ''Uummannaq'', near the current site of the American Thule Air Base. The former inhabitants were relocated to the present-day t ...

– UTC-03 *** Rest of Greenland – UTC-02 **

Extreme points of Greenland Greenland is located between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada and northwest of Iceland. The territory comprises the island of Greenland—the largest island in the world—and more than a hundred other smaller i ...

*** High:

Gunnbjørn Fjeld Gunnbjørn Fjeld is the tallest mountain in Greenland, the Kingdom of Denmark, and north of the Arctic Circle. It is a nunatak, a rocky peak protruding through glacial ice. Geography Gunnbjørn Fjeld is located in the Watkins Range, an area o ...

– highest point in the

*** Low:

and

North Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the "Old World" of Africa, Europe an ...

0 m ** Land boundaries: ** Coastline: 44,087 km * Population of Greenland: 56,344 * * Area of Greenland: 2,166,086 km² *

Atlas of Greenland An atlas is a collection of maps; it is typically a bundle of maps of Earth or of a region of Earth. Atlases have traditionally been bound into book form, but today many atlases are in multimedia formats. In addition to presenting geographi ...

Environment of Greenland

* Climate of Greenland * Environmental issues in Greenland * Renewable energy in Greenland *

Geology of Greenland Greenland is the largest island on Earth. Only one-fifth of its surface area is exposed bedrock, the rest being covered by ice. The exposed surface is approximately 410,000 km2. The geology of Greenland is dominated by crystalline rocks ...

* Protected areas of Greenland ** Biosphere reserves in Greenland ** National parks of Greenland * Wildlife of Greenland **

Flora of Greenland The flora of Greenland consists of a total of 583 species or 614 taxa (species and subspecies) of vascular plants, of which 13 are endemic, and 87 taxa introduced by humans, most of which are naturalized. Apiaceae *'' Angelica archangelica ...

*** '' Flora and fauna of Greenland'' ** Fauna of Greenland *** Birds of Greenland *** Mammals of Greenland *** '' Flora and fauna of Greenland''

Natural geographic features of Greenland

* Canyons of Greenland ** Greenland's Grand Canyon *

Fjords of Greenland In physical geography, a fjord or fiord () is a long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by a glacier. Fjords exist on the coasts of Alaska, Antarctica, British Columbia, Chile, Denmark, Germany, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Icel ...

Glaciers of Greenland This is a list of glaciers in Greenland. Details on the size and flow of some of the major Greenlandic glaciers are listed by Eric Rignot and Pannir Kanagaratnam (2006) Ice sheets and caps *Greenland Ice Sheet * Christian Erichsen Ice Cap *Flad ...

Islands of Greenland The following is an alphabetical list of the islands of Greenland. Many of these islands have both a Kalaallisut language name and a European language name. Islands and archipelagoes * Aaluik *Aasiaat Archipelago *Achton Friis Islands * Agg ...

Lakes of Greenland A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a Depression (geology), basin, surrounded by land, and distinct from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the World Ocean, oce ...

Mountains of Greenland A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. Although definitions vary, a mountain may differ from a plateau in having a limited summit area, and is usually higher th ...

* Rivers of Greenland **

Waterfalls of Greenland A waterfall is a point in a river or stream where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops. Waterfalls also occur where meltwater drops over the edge of a tabular iceberg or ice shelf. Waterfalls can be formed in several w ...

* Valleys of Greenland * World Heritage Sites in Greenland

Regions of Greenland

Ecoregions of Greenland

List of ecoregions in Greenland

Administrative divisions of Greenland

Administrative divisions of Greenland *

Counties of Greenland Greenland is divided into five municipalities Avannaata, Kujalleq, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, and SermersooqStatistics Greenland''Greenland in Figures, 2014''/ref> as well as the large Northeast Greenland National Park which is unincorporated. The Th ...

Municipalities of Greenland Greenland is divided into five municipalities Avannaata, Kujalleq, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, and SermersooqStatistics Greenland''Greenland in Figures, 2014''/ref> as well as the large Northeast Greenland National Park which is unincorporated. The ...

= Counties of Greenland

= Municipalities of Greenland

* Capital of Greenland:

Nuuk Nuuk (; da, Nuuk, formerly ) is the capital and largest city of Greenland, a constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark. Nuuk is the seat of government and the country's largest cultural and economic centre. The major cities from other coun ...

* Cities of Greenland

Demography of Greenland

Demographics of Greenland This is a demography of the population of Greenland including population density, ethnicity, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Populations the resident population of Greenland was estimated at 56,562, a ...

Government and politics of Greenland

Politics of Greenland * Form of government:

parliamentary A parliamentary system, or parliamentarian democracy, is a system of democratic governance of a state (or subordinate entity) where the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the support ("confidence") of the ...

representative democratic

Danish Danish may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Denmark People * A national or citizen of Denmark, also called a "Dane," see Demographics of Denmark * Culture of Denmark * Danish people or Danes, people with a Danish a ...

dependency * Capital of Greenland:

Elections in Greenland Greenland elects on national level a legislature. The Greenlandic Parliament (''Inatsisartut in Greenlandic'') has 31 members of parliament, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation.Political parties in Greenland

Branches of the government of Greenland

Government of Greenland Naalakkersuisut ( en, Cabinet of Greenland, da, Grønlands Regering), is the chief executive body and the government of Greenland since the island became self-governing in 1979. An "autonomous territory" ( da, land) of the Kingdom of Denmark, tak ...

Executive branch of the government of Greenland

Head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...

Queen of Denmark The monarchy of Denmark is a constitutional institution and a historic office of the Kingdom of Denmark. The Kingdom includes Denmark proper and the autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland. The Kingdom of Denmark was a ...

Queen Margrethe II Margrethe II (; Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid, born 16 April 1940) is Queen of Denmark. Having reigned as Denmark's monarch for over 50 years, she is Europe's longest-serving current head of state and the world's only incumbent femal ...

, represented by High Commissioner of Greenland,

Mikaela Engell Mikaela Engell (born 4 October 1956) is a Danish civil servant who served as High Commissioner of Greenland, a post she has held from 2011 to 2022. She had previously worked in the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, first as a Permanent Secreta ...

Head of government The head of government is the highest or the second-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, ...

Prime Minister of Greenland The prime minister of Greenland ( kl, Naalakkersuisut siulittaasuat, ; da, Landsstyreformand), officially the premier of Greenland,Kim Kielsen Kim Kielsen (born 30 November 1966) is a Greenlandic politician, who served as leader of the Siumut party and sixth prime minister of Greenland between 2014 and 2021. Careers Past careers Kielsen was originally a mariner, and then a police office ...

Legislative branch of the government of Greenland

* Landsting (

unicameral Unicameralism (from ''uni''- "one" + Latin ''camera'' "chamber") is a type of legislature, which consists of one house or assembly, that legislates and votes as one. Unicameral legislatures exist when there is no widely perceived need for multi ...

)

Judicial branch of the government of Greenland

Court system of Greenland * Landsret

Foreign relations of Greenland

Foreign relations of Greenland Being part of the Kingdom of Denmark, the foreign relations of Greenland are handled in cooperation with the Danish government and the Government of Greenland. Unlike Denmark, Greenland is no longer part of the European Union. The country change ...

Diplomatic missions in Greenland Diplomatics (in American English, and in most anglophone countries), or diplomatic (in British English), is a scholarly discipline centred on the critical analysis of documents: especially, historical documents. It focuses on the conventions, p ...

* Diplomatic missions of Greenland * Greenland and the European Union

International organization membership

The government of Greenland is a member of: *

Arctic Council The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum that addresses issues faced by the Arctic governments and the indigenous people of the Arctic. At present, eight countries exercise sovereignty over the lands within the Arctic Circle ...

* Nordic Council (NC) *

Nordic Investment Bank The Nordic Investment Bank (NIB) is an international financial institution founded in 1975 by the five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden). In 2005, the three Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) also beca ...

(NIB) *

Universal Postal Union The Universal Postal Union (UPU, french: link=no, Union postale universelle), established by the Treaty of Bern of 1874, is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to ...

(UPU) * Human rights in Greenland **

LGBT rights in Greenland Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Greenland are some of the most extensive in the Americas and the world, relatively similar to those in Denmark proper in Europe. Same-sex sexual activity is legal, with an equal age ...

** Freedom of religion in Greenland *

Law enforcement in Greenland Law enforcement in Greenland, an autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark, is provided by Kalaallit Nunaanni Politiit ( en, Greenland Police, da, Grønlands Politi) an independent police district of Naalagaaffiup Politiivi ( en, The National ...

Military of Greenland

Military of Greenland The defence of Greenland is the responsibility of the Kingdom of Denmark. The government of Greenland does not have control of Greenland's military or foreign affairs. The most important part of Greenland's defensive territory remains the 12 ma ...

* Command ** Commander-in-chief: *** Ministry of Defence of Greenland: None, Island Command Greenland is de facto defense command * Forces ** Greenlandic Coast Guard ** Army of Greenland: None, Defense is the responsibility of Denmark ** Navy of Greenland: None, Defense is the responsibility of Denmark ** Air Force of Greenland: None, Defense is the responsibility of Denmark ** Special forces of Greenland: None, Defense is the responsibility of Denmark *

Greenland in World War II The German invasion of Denmark (1940), fall of Denmark in April 1940 left the Denmark, Danish colony of Greenland an unoccupied territory of an occupied nation, under the possibility of seizure by the United Kingdom, United States or Canada. To f ...

Local government in Greenland

Administrative divisions of Greenland Greenland-muni-names

Municipalities A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...

: **

Qaasuitsup 400px, Clockwise from top left: Ukkusissat, Upernavik, Ilulissat Icefjord">Upernavik.html" ;"title="Ukkusissat, Upernavik">Ukkusissat, Upernavik, Ilulissat Icefjord, Uummannaq Qaasuitsup (, ''Place of Polar Darkness'') was a Municipalities of ...

Qeqqata Qeqqata (, da, Centrum, lit=Centre) is a municipality in western Greenland, operational from 1 January 2009. The municipality was named after its location in the central-western part of the country. Its population is 9,378 as of January 2020. Th ...

Sermersooq Sermersooq (, da, sted med meget is, lit=place of much ice) is a municipality in Greenland, formed on 1 January 2009 from five earlier, smaller municipalities. Its administrative seat is the city of Nuuk (formerly called Godthåb), the capital ...

Kujalleq Kujalleq ( Greenlandic: , da, Den Syden, lit=The South) is a municipality on the southern tip of Greenland, operational from 1 January 2009. The administrative center of the municipality is in Qaqortoq (formerly called Julianehåb). Creation ...

* Northeast Greenland National Park

History of Greenland

* Military history of Greenland

Culture of Greenland

Culture of Greenland *

Architecture of Greenland Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and constructing building ...

* Cuisine of Greenland * Festivals in Greenland * Languages of Greenland * Media in Greenland * National symbols of Greenland **

Coat of arms of Greenland The coat of arms of Greenland is a blue shield charged with an upright polar bear. This symbol was first introduced in the coat of arms of Denmark in 1666 and it is still represented in the arms of the Danish royal family. In a Danish context, the ...

Flag of Greenland The flag of Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit erfalasuat, da, Grønlands flag) was designed by Greenland native Thue Christiansen. It features two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red (bottom) with a counter-changed red-and-white disk slightl ...

** National anthem of Greenland * People of Greenland * Public holidays in Greenland * Records of Greenland *

Religion in Greenland The majority of the Greenlandic population is Christian and associates with the Church of Denmark via the Church of Greenland, which is Protestant in classification and Lutheran in orientation. The Church of Denmark is the established church t ...

** Christianity in Greenland * World Heritage Sites in Greenland

Art in Greenland

* Art in Greenland ** List of Greenlandic artists * Cinema of Greenland * Literature of Greenland * Music of Greenland * Television in Greenland * Theatre in Greenland

Sports in Greenland

Sports in Greenland * Arctic Winter Games 2016 *

Association football in Greenland Association football is the most popular and the national sport of Greenland. It was brought to Greenland by Denmark, Danish settlers. Because of the climatic conditions, Greenland is unable to support any grass pitches so games are played on art ...

* Greenland at the Olympics * Greenland men's national handball team * Greenlandic National Badminton Championships

Economy and infrastructure of Greenland

Economy of Greenland The economy of Greenland is characterized as small, mixed and vulnerable. Greenland's economy consists of a large public sector and comprehensive foreign trade. This has resulted in an economy with periods of strong growth, considerable inflatio ...

* Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 157th (one hundred and fifty seventh) * Agriculture in Greenland * Banking in Greenland ** Bank of Greenland * Communications in Greenland ** Internet in Greenland * Companies of Greenland * Currency of Greenland: Krone ** ISO 4217: DKK * Energy in Greenland ** Energy policy of Greenland ** Oil industry in Greenland * Mining in Greenland **

Gemstone industry in Greenland Gemstones have been found in Greenland, including diamond, ruby, sapphire, kornerupine, tugtupite, lapis lazuli, amazonite, peridot, quartz, spinel, topaz, and tourmaline. Most of Greenland's ruby and sapphire occurrences are located near th ...

* Greenland Stock Exchange * Tourism in Greenland * Transport in Greenland **

Airports in Greenland This is a list of airports in Greenland, grouped by type and sorted by location. Air travel is extremely important in Greenland, since there are generally no roads between settlements. Arctic Umiaq Line provides passenger and freight services by s ...