List of Arab scientists
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Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...
scientists and scholars from the
Muslim World The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah. This consists of all those who adhere to the religious beliefs and laws of Islam or to societies in which Islam is practiced. I ...
, including
Al-Andalus Al-Andalus DIN 31635, translit. ; an, al-Andalus; ast, al-Ándalus; eu, al-Andalus; ber, ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, label=Berber languages, Berber, translit=Andalus; ca, al-Àndalus; gl, al-Andalus; oc, Al Andalús; pt, al-Ândalus; es, ...
(Spain), who lived from
antiquity Antiquity or Antiquities may refer to: Historical objects or periods Artifacts *Antiquities, objects or artifacts surviving from ancient cultures Eras Any period before the European Middle Ages (5th to 15th centuries) but still within the histo ...
up until the beginning of the
modern age The term modern period or modern era (sometimes also called modern history or modern times) is the period of history that succeeds the Middle Ages (which ended approximately 1500 AD). This terminology is a historical periodization that is applie ...
, consisting primarily of scholars during the
Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...
. For a list of contemporary Arab scientists and engineers see
List of modern Arab scientists and engineers The following is a non-conclusive list of some notable modern Arab scientists and engineers. For medieval Arab scientists and scholars, see List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars A * Ahmed Zewail, Egyptian-American chemist, 1999 Nobel ...
Both the Arabic and Latin names are given. The following Arabic naming articles are not used for indexing: :*''Al'' - the :* ''Ibn'', ''bin'', ''banu'' - son of :* ''abu, abi'' - father of, the one with


A

*
Ali ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar, عَلِيّ بْن أَبِي طَالِب; 600 – 661 CE) was the last of four Rightly Guided Caliphs to rule Islam (r. 656 – 661) immediately after the death of Muhammad, and he was the first Shia Imam. ...
(601,
Mecca Mecca (; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah ()) is a city and administrative center of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, and the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red ...
– 661, Kufa ),
Arabic grammar Arabic grammar or Arabic language sciences ( ar, النحو العربي ' or ar, عُلُوم اللغَة العَرَبِيَّة ') is the grammar of the Arabic language. Arabic is a Semitic language and its grammar has many similarities with ...
ian,
rhetoric Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate parti ...
,
theologian Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...
,
exegesis Exegesis ( ; from the Ancient Greek, Greek , from , "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation (logic), interpretation of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of Bible, Biblical works. In modern usage, ...
and mystic *
Aisha Aisha ( ar, , translit=ʿĀʾisha bint Abī Bakr; , also , ; ) was Muhammad's third and youngest wife. In Islamic writings, her name is thus often prefixed by the title "Mother of the Believers" ( ar, links=no, , ʾumm al-mu'min, muʾminīn), ...
(613, Mecca – 678,
Medina Medina,, ', "the radiant city"; or , ', (), "the city" officially Al Madinah Al Munawwarah (, , Turkish: Medine-i Münevvere) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (, ), is the Holiest sites in Islam, second-holiest city in Islam, ...
), Islamic scholar, hadith narrator, her intellect and knowledge in various subjects, including poetry and medicine. * Abbas Ibn Firnas, astronomer, mathematician, physicist, inventor * Aisha al-Bauniyya (1402–1475), an
Arab woman The roles of women in the Arab world have changed throughout history, as the culture and society in which they live has undergone significant transformations. Historically, as well as presently, the situation of women differs greatly between A ...
Sufi Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...
master and poet * Avempace (1085,
Zaragoza Zaragoza, also known in English as Saragossa,''Encyclopædia Britannica'"Zaragoza (conventional Saragossa)" is the capital city of the Zaragoza Province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. It lies by the Ebro river and its tributari ...
– 1138,
Fez Fez most often refers to: * Fez (hat), a type of felt hat commonly worn in the Ottoman Empire * Fez, Morocco (or Fes), the second largest city of Morocco Fez or FEZ may also refer to: Media * ''Fez'' (Frank Stella), a 1964 painting by the moder ...
), philosopher, astronomer, physician * Ammar al-Mawsili (10th century, b.
Mosul Mosul ( ar, الموصل, al-Mawṣil, ku, مووسڵ, translit=Mûsil, Turkish: ''Musul'', syr, ܡܘܨܠ, Māwṣil) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of Nineveh Governorate. The city is considered the second large ...
), ophthalmologist and physician * Ali al-Uraidhi (7th century, b. Medina), Muslim scholar *
Ali ibn Isa al-Kahhal ʿAlī ibn ʿĪsā al-Kahhal () (floruit, fl. 1010 AD), surnamed "the oculist" (''al-kahhal'') was the best known and most celebrated Arab ophthalmologist of Islamic Golden Age, medieval Islam. He was known in medieval Europe as Jesu Occulist, ...
(fl. 1010), physician and ophthalmologist * Ali al-Hadi (829, Medina – 868,
Samarra Samarra ( ar, سَامَرَّاء, ') is a city in Iraq. It stands on the east bank of the Tigris in the Saladin Governorate, north of Baghdad. The city of Samarra was founded by Abbasid Caliph Al-Mutasim for his Turkish professional army ...
), Islamic scholar *
Ali ibn al-Madini Abū al-Ḥasan ʻAlī ibn ʻAbdillāh ibn Jaʻfar al-Madīnī (778 CE/161 AH – 849/234) ( ar, أبو الحسن علي بن عبد الله بن جعفر المديني) was a ninth-century Sunni Islamic scholar who was influential in the sci ...
(778,
Basra Basra ( ar, ٱلْبَصْرَة, al-Baṣrah) is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab. It had an estimated population of 1.4 million in 2018. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is hand ...
– 849, Samarra), Islamic scholar and traditionalist *
Ali ibn Ridwan Abu'l Hassan Ali ibn Ridwan Al-Misri () (c. 988 - c. 1061) was an Arab of Egyptian origin who was a physician, astrologer and astronomer, born in Giza. He was a commentator on ancient Greek medicine, and in particular on Galen; his commentary on ...
(988,
Giza Giza (; sometimes spelled ''Gizah'' arz, الجيزة ' ) is the second-largest city in Egypt after Cairo and fourth-largest city in Africa after Kinshasa, Lagos and Cairo. It is the capital of Giza Governorate with a total population of 9.2 ...
– 1061,
Baghdad Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon ...
), astronomer and geometer with
Khalid Ben Abdulmelik Khālid ibn ʿAbd al‐Malik al‐Marwarrūdhī ( ar, خالد بن عبدالملك المرو الروذي) was a 9th-century Baghdadi astronomer. In 827, Marwarrūdhī, together with the astronomer ʿAlī ibn ʿĪsā al-Asṭurlābī and a p ...
*
Ali al-Ridha Ali ibn Musa al-Rida ( ar, عَلِيّ ٱبْن مُوسَىٰ ٱلرِّضَا, Alī ibn Mūsā al-Riḍā, 1 January 766 – 6 June 818), also known as Abū al-Ḥasan al-Thānī, was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the e ...
(765, Medina – 818,
Tus Tus or TUS may refer to: * Tus (biology), a protein that binds to terminator sequences * Thales Underwater Systems, an international defence contractor * Tuscarora language, an Iroquoian language, ISO 639-3 code Education * Technological Univ ...
), Islamic scholar and theologian * Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780, Baghdad – 855, Baghdad), theologian, ascetic, and hadith traditionist * Ahmad al-Muhajir (873, Basra – 956, Al-Husaisa), scholar and teacher * Ahmad ibn Yusuf (835, Baghdad – 912,
Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metro ...
),
mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. History On ...
*
Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr al-Zuhri Abū Muṣʿab Aḥmad ibn Abī Bakr al-Qāsim ibn al-Ḥārith al-Zuhri ( ar, أبو مصعب أحمد بن أبي بكر القاسم بن الحارث الزهري), 767–856 CE / 150–242 AH, was a Muslim scholar and judge () who was a ...
(767, Medina – 856),
Maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primary ...
jurist * Apollodorus of Damascus (50,
Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...
– 130), architect, engineer, and designer *
Abd al-Salam ibn Mashish al-Alami ʻAbd al-Salām ibn Mashīsh al-ʻAlamī ( ar, عبد السلام بن مشيش العلمي) (b. ?–1227), was a Moroccan Sufi saint who lived during the reign of the Almohad Caliphate. Biography Virtually nothing is known about him excep ...
(1140, Jabal Alam – 1227, Jabal Alam), religious scholar of
Sufism Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, r ...
* Abdullah ibn Umar (610, Mecca – 693, Mecca), Islamic scholar and hadith narrator *
Abd Allah al-Qaysi Abu Muhammad Abd Allah bin Muhammad bin Qasim bin Hilal bin Yazid bin 'Imran al-'Absi al-Qaysi () was an early Muslim jurist and theologian. Life Born in Islamic Spain, Ibn Qasim moved to Iraq for a time, and studied under Dawud al-Zahiri. He l ...
(d. 885, b.
Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...
), Muslim jurist and theologian *
Abd-Allah ibn Ibadh ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamīmī ( ar, عبدالله بن إباض التميمي; died c. 700) was an Arab Islamic scholar and Kharijite from Basra, of the tribe of Banū Saʿd of Tamīm. In traditional Islamic historiography, he is the foun ...
(d. 708, b. Basra), hadith narrator and theologian *
Abd al-Hamid al-Katib Abd al-Hamid ibn Yahya al-Katib ( ar, عبد الحميد بن يحيى الكاتب) was the secretary to the last Umayyad Caliph, Marwan II, and a supreme stylist of early Arabic prose. Quote: :''Cultivate the Arabic language so that you may s ...
(d. 756), founder of Arabic prose * Ibn Abbas (619, Mecca – 687,
Ta'if Taif ( ar, , translit=aṭ-Ṭāʾif, lit=The circulated or encircled, ) is a city and governorate in the Makkan Region of Saudi Arabia. Located at an elevation of in the slopes of the Hijaz Mountains, which themselves are part of the Sarat M ...
), jurist and theologian *
Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad Imam Sayyid Abd Allah ibn Alawi al-Haddad ( ar-at, عبد الله ابن علوي الحدّاد, ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAlawī al-Ḥaddād; ) (born in 1634 CE) was a Yemeni Islamic scholar. He lived his entire life in the town of Tarim in Yemen' ...
(1634, Tarim – 1720, Tarim), Sufi saint and jurist *
Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi ‘Abd al-Ghanī ibn ‘Abd al-Wāḥid al-Jammā’īlī al-Maqdisi ( ar, عبدالغني المقدسي) (1146-1203 CE) was a classical Sunni Islamic scholar and a prominent Hadith master. His full name was ''al-Imam al-Hafidh Abu Muhammad Abdu ...
(1146,
Jamma'in Jamma'in ( ar, جمّاعين) is a Palestinian people, Palestinian town in the northern West Bank located southwest of Nablus, northwest of Salfit and north of Ramallah. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a ...
– 1203), Islamic scholar and a prominent hadith master * Abd al-Aziz Yemeni Tamimi (816,
Yemen Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, north and ...
– 944, Yemen), Sufi saint and scholar * Abu al-Fazal Yemeni Tamimi (842,
Hejaz The Hejaz (, also ; ar, ٱلْحِجَاز, al-Ḥijāz, lit=the Barrier, ) is a region in the west of Saudi Arabia. It includes the cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Tabuk, Yanbu, Taif, and Baljurashi. It is also known as the "Western Provin ...
– 1034, Baghdad), Sufi saint and mystic *
Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali Abu al-Aswad al-Duʾali ( ar, أَبُو ٱلْأَسْوَد ٱلدُّؤَلِيّ, '; -16 BH/603 CE – 69 AH/689 CE), whose full name is ʾAbū al-Aswad Ẓālim ibn ʿAmr ibn Sufyān ibn Jandal ibn Yamār ibn Hīls ibn Nufātha ibn al-ʿĀd ...
(603–689, Basra), grammarian * Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (874, Basra – 936, Baghdad), philosopher, Shafi'i scholar and theologian * Abu Jafar al-Ghafiqi (d. 1165), an
Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...
botanist, pharmacologist, physician and scholar *
Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi or, in full Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn al-ʿArabī al-Maʿāfirī al-Ishbīlī ( ar, أبو بكر محمّد ابن عبدالله ابن العربى المعافرى الأسفلى) born in Sevilla in 1076 ...
(1076,
Seville Seville (; es, Sevilla, ) is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the River Guadalquivir, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula ...
– 1148), Islamic scholar and judge of
Maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primary ...
law * Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam (850–930), mathematician * Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala' (689, Mecca – 770, Kufa) linguists and grammarian *
Abu Bakr al-Aydarus Abu Bakr al-ʿAydarūs, also known as Sayyid Abū Bakr al- ʿAdanī ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-ʿAydarūs ( ar, أبو بكر العدني بن عبد الله العيدروس; 1447–1508J. Spencer Trimingham, John O. Voll, ''The Sufi Orders in Isl ...
(1447, Tarim – 1508,
Aden Aden ( ar, عدن ' Yemeni: ) is a city, and since 2015, the temporary capital of Yemen, near the eastern approach to the Red Sea (the Gulf of Aden), some east of the strait Bab-el-Mandeb. Its population is approximately 800,000 people. ...
), religious scholar of
Sufism Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, r ...
* Abu Ishaq Ibrahim al-Zarqali (1029–1100), was an
Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...
maker of astronomical instruments and an astrologer * Al-Ashraf Umar II (1242, Yemen – 1296, Yemen), astronomer and ruler of Yemen * Al-Akhfash al-Akbar (d. 793, b. Basra), Arab grammarian *
Al-Awza'i Abū ʿAmr ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAmr al-ʾAwzāʿī ( ar, أبو عمرو عبدُ الرحمٰن بن عمرو الأوزاعي) (707–774) was an Islamic scholar, traditionalist and the chief representative and eponym of the Awza'i, ʾAw ...
(707,
Baalbek Baalbek (; ar, بَعْلَبَكّ, Baʿlabakk, Syriac-Aramaic: ܒܥܠܒܟ) is a city located east of the Litani River in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley, about northeast of Beirut. It is the capital of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate. In Greek and Roman ...
– 774,
Beirut Beirut, french: Beyrouth is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region. The city is situated on a peninsula at the midpoint o ...
), jurist and theologian * Al-Asma'i (739, Basra – 831, Basra), pioneer of
zoology Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the Animal, animal kingdom, including the anatomy, structure, embryology, evolution, Biological clas ...
,
botany Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek w ...
and
animal husbandry Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, or other products. It includes day-to-day care, selective breeding, and the raising of livestock. Husbandry has a long history, starti ...
*
Ibn Abi Asim Abu Bakr Ahmad bin `Amr ad-Dahhak bin Makhlad ash-Shaibani ( ar, أبو بكرأحمد بن عمرو بن الضحاك بن مخلد الشيباني), widely known as Ibn Abi Asim ( ar, ابن أبي عاصم), was an Iraqi people, Iraqi Sunni I ...
(821, Basra – 900,
Isfahan Isfahan ( fa, اصفهان, Esfahân ), from its Achaemenid empire, ancient designation ''Aspadana'' and, later, ''Spahan'' in Sassanian Empire, middle Persian, rendered in English as ''Ispahan'', is a major city in the Greater Isfahan Regio ...
), scholar, famous or his work in the hadith science * Ibn al-'Awwam (12th century, b. Seville), agriculturist and botanist * Ibn al-Adim (1192,
Aleppo )), is an adjective which means "white-colored mixed with black". , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = , map_caption = , image_map1 = ...
– 1262,
Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
), biographer and historian *
Ibn al-A'lam 'Alī ibn al-Ḥusayn Abū l-Qasim al-'Alawi Ashraf al-Sharif al-Husayni, ( ar, ابن الأعلم الشريف الحسيني), (died in Baghdad, 985), was a 10th-century Islamic astronomer and astrologer. Little is known about Ibn al-A'lam's ...
(d. 985, Baghdad), astronomer and astrologer *
Ibn al-Athir Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ash-Shaybānī, better known as ʿAlī ʿIzz ad-Dīn Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī ( ar, علي عز الدین بن الاثیر الجزري) lived 1160–1233) was an Arab or Kurdish historian a ...
(1160,
Cizre Cizre (; ar, جَزِيْرَة ٱبْن عُمَر, Jazīrat Ibn ʿUmar, or ''Madinat al-Jazira'', he, גזירא, Gzira, ku, Cizîr, ''Cizîra Botan'', or ''Cizîre'', syr, ܓܙܪܬܐ ܕܒܪ ܥܘܡܪ, Gāzartā,) is a city in the Cizre Dis ...
– 1233, Mosul), historian and biographer *
Ibn al-Abbar Ibn al-Abbār (), he was Hāfiẓ Abū Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn 'Abdullah ibn Abū Bakr al-Qudā'ī al-Balansī () (1199–1260) a secretary to Hafsid dynasty princes, well-known poet, diplomat, jurist and hadith scholar from al ...
(1199,
Valencia Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, Valencia and the Municipalities of Spain, third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 791,413 inhabitants. It is ...
– 1260,
Tunis ''Tounsi'' french: Tunisois , population_note = , population_urban = , population_metro = 2658816 , population_density_km2 = , timezone1 = CET , utc_offset1 ...
), historian, poet, diplomat, theologian and scholar *
Ibn al-Akfani Muhammad ibn Ibrāhīm ibn al-Akfani (, 1286-ca. 1348–49) was a Kurdish Cairene encyclopedist and physician. Life Ibn al-Akfani was born in Sinjar, Iraq and lived in Cairo, Egypt. He worked at Al-Mansuri Hospital. He died in either 1348 or 1349 ...
(1286, Sinjar – 1348, Cairo), Arab encyclopedist and physician *
Ibn 'Adlan ʻAfīf al-Dīn ʻAlī ibn ʻAdlān al-Mawsilī ( ar, عفيف لدين علي بن عدلان الموصلي ; 1187–1268 CE), born in Mosul, was an Arab cryptologist, linguist and poet who is known for his early contributions to cryptanalysi ...
(1187, Mosul – 1268, Cairo), cryptographer and poet *
Ibn Arabi Ibn ʿArabī ( ar, ابن عربي, ; full name: , ; 1165–1240), nicknamed al-Qushayrī (, ) and Sulṭān al-ʿĀrifīn (, , 'Sultan of the Knowers'), was an Arab Andalusian Muslim scholar, mystic, poet, and philosopher, extremely influenti ...
(1165, Murcia – 1240, Damascus), Islamic scholar and philosopher *
Ibn Arabshah Abu Muhammad Shihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Ibrahim also known as Muhammad ibn Arabshah () (1389–1450), was an Arab writer and traveller who lived under the reign of Timur (1370–1405).AKA, ISMAIL. 1996. “THE AGRICULTURAL ...
(1389, Damascus – 1450, Egypt), writer and traveller


B

*
Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī Bahāʾ al‐Dīn Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn al‐ʿĀmilī (also known as Sheikh Baha'i, fa, شیخ بهایی) (18 February 1547 – 1 September 1621) was an Iranian ArabEncyclopedia of Arabic Literature'. Taylor & Francis; 1998. . p. 85. Sh ...
(1547,
Baalbek Baalbek (; ar, بَعْلَبَكّ, Baʿlabakk, Syriac-Aramaic: ܒܥܠܒܟ) is a city located east of the Litani River in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley, about northeast of Beirut. It is the capital of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate. In Greek and Roman ...
– 1621,
Isfahan Isfahan ( fa, اصفهان, Esfahân ), from its Achaemenid empire, ancient designation ''Aspadana'' and, later, ''Spahan'' in Sassanian Empire, middle Persian, rendered in English as ''Ispahan'', is a major city in the Greater Isfahan Regio ...
), philosopher, architect, mathematician, astronomer *
Bahlool Bahlūl ( ar, بهلول) was the common name of Wāhab ibn Amr (Arabic: ), a companion of Musa al-Kadhim. He lived in the time of the Caliph Harun al-Rashid, Hārūn al-Rashīd. Bahlūl was a well known judge and scholar who came from a wealthy ...
(d. 807, b.
Baghdad Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon ...
), judge and scholar * Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi (980, Baghdad – 1037,
Esfarayen Esfarayen ( fa, اسفراین, also Romanized as Esfarāyen; formerly, Meyanābād, Mīānābād, and Mīyānābād) is a city and capital of Esfarayen County, North Khorasan Province in Iran. At the 2011 census its population was 60,372 persons ...
), mathematician *
Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baghdādī ( ar, عبداللطيف البغدادي, 1162 Baghdad–1231 Baghdad), short for Muwaffaq al-Dīn Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Laṭīf ibn Yūsuf al-Baghdādī ( ar, موفق الدين محمد عبد اللطيف بن ...
(1162, Baghdad – 1231, Baghdad), physician, historian, Egyptologist and traveler * Al-Baqillani (d. 1013, b.
Basra Basra ( ar, ٱلْبَصْرَة, al-Baṣrah) is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab. It had an estimated population of 1.4 million in 2018. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is hand ...
), theologian, scholar, and Maliki lawyer *
Al-Battani Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jābir ibn Sinān al-Raqqī al-Ḥarrānī aṣ-Ṣābiʾ al-Battānī ( ar, محمد بن جابر بن سنان البتاني) ( Latinized as Albategnius, Albategni or Albatenius) (c. 858 – 929) was an astron ...
(850,
Harran Harran (), historically known as Carrhae ( el, Kάρραι, Kárrhai), is a rural town and district of the Şanlıurfa Province in southeastern Turkey, approximately 40 kilometres (25 miles) southeast of Urfa and 20 kilometers from the border cr ...
– 929,
Samarra Samarra ( ar, سَامَرَّاء, ') is a city in Iraq. It stands on the east bank of the Tigris in the Saladin Governorate, north of Baghdad. The city of Samarra was founded by Abbasid Caliph Al-Mutasim for his Turkish professional army ...
), astronomer and mathematician * Al-Baladhuri (820, Baghdad – 892, Baghdad), historian *
Al-Buni upShams al-Ma'arif al-Kubra, a manuscript copy, beginning of 17th century Sharaf al-Din or Shihab al-Din or Muḥyi al-Din Abu al-Abbas Aḥmad ibn Ali ibn Yusuf al-Qurashi al-Sufi, better known as Ahmad al-Buni ( ar, أحمد البوني), born ...
(d. 1225), writer and mathematician *
Al-Bakri Abū ʿUbayd ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Muḥammad ibn Ayyūb ibn ʿAmr al-Bakrī ( ar, أبو عبيد عبد الله بن عبد العزيز بن محمد بن أيوب بن عمرو البكري), or simply al-Bakrī (c. 1040–1 ...
(1014, Huelva – 1094, Cordoba), geographer and historian * Al-Baji (1156, Beja – 1231,
Sidi Bou Said Sidi Bou Said ( ar, سيدي بو سعيد ') is a town in northern Tunisia located about 20 km from the capital, Tunis. Named for a religious figure who lived there, Abu Said al-Baji, it was previously called Jabal el-Menar. The town it ...
), Sufi mystic and scholar * Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi (1256,
Marrakesh Marrakesh or Marrakech ( or ; ar, مراكش, murrākuš, ; ber, ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, translit=mṛṛakc}) is the fourth largest city in the Kingdom of Morocco. It is one of the four Imperial cities of Morocco and is the capital of the Marrakes ...
– 1321), mathematician, astronomer, Islamic scholar, Sufi, and astrologer * Ibn al-Baitar (1197, Malaga – 1248,
Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...
), pharmacist, botanist, physician * Ibn Bassal (b. 1085,
Toledo Toledo most commonly refers to: * Toledo, Spain, a city in Spain * Province of Toledo, Spain * Toledo, Ohio, a city in the United States Toledo may also refer to: Places Belize * Toledo District * Toledo Settlement Bolivia * Toledo, Orur ...
), botanist and agronomist * Ibn Bassam (1058, Santarem – 1147), poet and historian *
Ibn Butlan Abū 'l-Ḥasan al-Muḫtār Yuwānnīs ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbdūn ibn Saʿdūn ibn Buṭlān ( ar, أبو الحسن المختار إيوانيس بن الحسن بن عبدون بن سعدون بن بطلان; ; ca. first quarter of the 11t ...
(1038, Baghdad – 1075), Arab Christian physician


C

*
Cosmas Cosmas or Kosmas is a Greek language, Greek name ( grc-gre, Κοσμᾶς), from Ancient Greek Κοσμᾶς (Kosmâs), associated with the noun κόσμος (kósmos), meaning "Cosmos, universe", and the verb κοσμέω (to order, govern, ado ...
(d. 287, Yumurtalik), Arab physician and saint *
Calid Khālid ibn Yazīd (full name ''Abū Hāshim Khālid ibn Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān'', ), 668–704 or 709, was an Umayyad prince and purported alchemist. As a son of the Umayyad caliph Yazid I, Khalid was supposed to become c ...
(d. 704,
Homs Homs ( , , , ; ar, حِمْص / ALA-LC: ; Levantine Arabic: / ''Ḥomṣ'' ), known in pre-Islamic Syria as Emesa ( ; grc, Ἔμεσα, Émesa), is a city in western Syria and the capital of the Homs Governorate. It is Metres above sea level ...
), Umayyad prince and alchemist *
Callinicus Callinicus or Kallinikos ( el, Καλλίνικος) is a surname or male given name; the feminine form is Kalliniki, Callinice or Callinica ( el, Καλλινίκη). It is of Greek origin, meaning "beautiful victor". People named Callinicus Seleu ...
(3rd century), historian, orator,
rhetoric Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate parti ...
ian and sophist


D

* Damian (d. 287, Yumurtalik), Arab physician and saint *
Dawud al-Antaki Dawud Ibn Umar Al-Antaki also known as Dawud Al-Antaki () was a blind Muslim physician and pharmacist active in Cairo. He was born during the XVI in Al-Foah and died around in Mecca in 1597. He lived most of his life in Antioch before made a pilgri ...
(b.
Idlib ar, إدلبي, Idlibi , coordinates = , elevation_m = 500 , area_code = 23 , geocode = C3871 , blank_name = Climate , blank_info ...
– d. 1599,
Mecca Mecca (; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah ()) is a city and administrative center of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, and the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red ...
), physician and pharmacist * Dawud Tai (1344–1405),
Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...
ic scholar and
Sufi Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...
mystic * Diya al-Din al-Maqdisi (918,
Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...
– 995),
Hanbali The Hanbali school ( ar, ٱلْمَذْهَب ٱلْحَنۢبَلِي, al-maḏhab al-ḥanbalī) is one of the four major traditional Sunni schools (''madhahib'') of Islamic jurisprudence. It is named after the Arab scholar Ahmad ibn Hanbal ...
Islamic scholar In Islam, the ''ulama'' (; ar, علماء ', singular ', "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ''ulema''; feminine: ''alimah'' ingularand ''aalimath'' lural are the guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of reli ...
* Al-Damiri (1344,
Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metro ...
– 1405, Cairo), zoologist *
Al-Dakhwar Muhadhdhabuddin Abd al-Rahim bin Ali bin Hamid al-Dimashqi ( ar, مهذب الدين عبد الرحيم بن علي بن حامد الدمشقي) known as al-Dakhwar ( ar, الدخوار) (1170–1230) was a leading Arab physician who served var ...
(1170, Damascus – 1230), physician *
Al-Darimi Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Faḍl ibn Bahrām ibn ʿAbd al-Ṣamad al-Dārimī al-Tamīmī al-Samarqandī () (181–255 AH / 797–869 CE) was a Muslim scholar and Imam of Arab ancestry or Persian background. His b ...
(797,
Samarkand fa, سمرقند , native_name_lang = , settlement_type = City , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from the top:Registan square, Shah-i-Zinda necropolis, Bibi-Khanym Mosque, view inside Shah-i-Zinda, ...
– 869, Muscat), Islamic scholar and '' muhaddith'' *
Al-Dimashqi The Arabic '' nisbah'' (attributive title) Al-Dimashqi ( ar, الدمشقي) denotes an origin from Damascus, Syria. Al-Dimashqi may refer to: * Al-Dimashqi (geographer): a medieval Arab geographer. * Abu al-Fadl Ja'far ibn 'Ali al-Dimashqi: 12th- ...
(1256, Damascus – 1327,
Safed Safed (known in Hebrew language, Hebrew as Tzfat; Sephardi Hebrew, Sephardic Hebrew & Modern Hebrew: צְפַת ''Tsfat'', Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation, Ashkenazi Hebrew: ''Tzfas'', Biblical Hebrew: ''Ṣǝp̄aṯ''; ar, صفد, ''Ṣafad''), i ...
), geographer * Al-Dimashqi, Abu al-Fadl (12th-century), writer and economist * Ibn al-Durayhim (1312–1359/62), cryptologist *
Ibn Dihya Umar bin al-Hasan bin Ali bin Muhammad bin al-Jamil bin Farah bin Khalaf bin Qumis bin Mazlal bin Malal bin Badr bin Dihyah bin Farwah, better known as Ibn Dihya al-Kalbi ( ar, ابن دحية الكلبي) was a Moorish scholar of both the Ara ...
(1150,
Valencia Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, Valencia and the Municipalities of Spain, third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 791,413 inhabitants. It is ...
– 1235, Cairo), scholar of
Arabic language Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...
and
Islamic studies Islamic studies refers to the academic study of Islam, and generally to academic multidisciplinary "studies" programs—programs similar to others that focus on the history, texts and theologies of other religious traditions, such as Easter ...
*
Ibn Duraid Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Duraid al-Azdī al-Baṣrī ad-Dawsī Al-Zahrani (), or Ibn Duraid () (c. 837-933 CE), a leading grammarian of Baṣrah, was described as "the most accomplished scholar, ablest philologer and first poet of t ...
(837,
Basra Basra ( ar, ٱلْبَصْرَة, al-Baṣrah) is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab. It had an estimated population of 1.4 million in 2018. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is hand ...
– 934,
Baghdad Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon ...
), geographer, genealogist, poet, and
philologist Philology () is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics (with especially strong ties to etymology). Philology is also defined as th ...
*
Ibn Daqiq al-'Id Ibn Daqiq al-'Id (; 1228–1302), born in Yanbu into the Arab tribe of Banu Qushayr. He is accounted as one of Islam's great scholars in the fundamentals of Islamic law and belief, and was an authority in the Shafi'i legal school. Although Ibn D ...
(1228, Yanbu – 1302), one of Islam's great scholars in the fundamentals of Islamic law and belief, and was an authority in the
Shafi'i The Shafii ( ar, شَافِعِي, translit=Shāfiʿī, also spelled Shafei) school, also known as Madhhab al-Shāfiʿī, is one of the four major traditional schools of religious law (madhhab) in the Sunnī branch of Islam. It was founded by ...
legal school


F

*
Fatima al-Fihri Fatima bint Muhammad al-Fihri al-Quraysh ( ar, فاطمة بنت محمد الفهري القرشية) was an Arab woman who is credited with founding the al-Qarawiyyin mosque in 857–859 AD in Fez, Morocco. She is also known as "Umm al-Banay ...
(800, Kairouan – 880), science patron and founder of the Al Quaraouiyine mosque * Fatima bint Musa (790–816), theologian and saint *
Al-Farahidi Abu ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān al-Khalīl ibn Aḥmad ibn ‘Amr ibn Tammām al-Farāhīdī al-Azdī al-Yaḥmadī ( ar, أبو عبدالرحمن الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي; 718 – 786 CE), known as Al-Farāhīdī, or Al-Khalīl, ...
(c. 718 – 791), writer and
philologist Philology () is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics (with especially strong ties to etymology). Philology is also defined as th ...
, compiled the first dictionary of the
Arabic language Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...
, the ''Kitab al-Ayn'' * Al-Fasi, Abu al-Mahasin (1530–1604), Sufi saint *
Al-Farghani Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Kathīr al-Farghānī ( ar, أبو العبّاس أحمد بن محمد بن كثير الفرغاني 798/800/805–870), also known as Alfraganus in the West, was an astronomer in the Abbasid court ...
(d. 880), astronomer, known in Latin as Alfraganus * Ibn al-Furat (1334–1405), historian * Ibn al-Farid (c. 1181 – 1234), Arabic poet, writer, and philosopher *
Ibn Fadlan Aḥmad ibn Faḍlān ibn al-ʿAbbās ibn Rāšid ibn Ḥammād, ( ar, أحمد بن فضلان بن العباس بن راشد بن حماد; ) commonly known as Ahmad ibn Fadlan, was a 10th-century Muslim traveler, famous for his account of his ...
(10th century), writer, traveler, member of an embassy of the Caliph of Baghdad to the Volga Bulgars


G

*
Genethlius Genethlius ( el, Γενέθλιος, Genéthlios) was a 3rd-century Arab sophist from Petra, Arabia Petraea. His father was also named Genethlius. He was a pupil of the Greek sophists Minucianus ( grc, Μινουκιανός) and Agapetus ( grc, ...
(3rd century), sophist and
rhetoric Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate parti ...
ian from
Petra Petra ( ar, ٱلْبَتْرَاء, Al-Batrāʾ; grc, Πέτρα, "Rock", Nabataean Aramaic, Nabataean: ), originally known to its inhabitants as Raqmu or Raqēmō, is an historic and archaeological city in southern Jordan. It is adjacent to t ...
* Al-Ghafiqi (d. 1165), 12th-century oculist * Al-Ghassani (1548–1610), physician


H

*
Haly Abenragel Abū l-Ḥasan 'Alī ibn Abī l-Rijāl Banu Shayban , al-Shaybani ( ar, أبو الحسن علي ابن أبي الرجال) (commonly known as ''Haly'', ''Hali'', ''Albohazen Haly filii Abenragel'' or ''Haly Abenragel'', from ''ibn Rijal'') was a ...
(d. 1037),
astrologer Astrology is a range of divinatory practices, recognized as pseudoscientific since the 18th century, that claim to discern information about human affairs and terrestrial events by studying the apparent positions of celestial objects. Dif ...
, best known for his ''Kitāb al-bāri' fi ahkām an-nujūm'' *
Harbi al-Himyari Ḥarbī al-Ḥimyarī ( ar, حربي الحميري) is a semi-legendary Himyarite sage that occurs several times in the writings attributed to the Islamic alchemist Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (died c. 806−816). He is said there to have been one of J ...
(8th century), alchemist * Hasan al-Rammah (d. 1295), chemist and engineer *
Hamdallah Mustawfi Hamdallah Mustawfi Qazvini ( fa, حمدالله مستوفى قزوینی, Ḥamdallāh Mustawfī Qazvīnī; 1281 – after 1339/40) was a Persian official, historian, geographer and poet. He lived during the last era of the Mongol Ilkhanate, and ...
(1281–1349), geographer * Hunayn ibn Ishaq (809–873), Arab Christian scholar, physician, and scientist *
Heliodorus Heliodorus is a Greek name meaning "Gift of the Sun". Several persons named Heliodorus are known to us from ancient times, the best known of which are: *Heliodorus (minister) a minister of Seleucus IV Philopator c. 175 BC * Heliodorus of Athen ...
(3rd century), sophist of Arab origin * Hisham ibn al-Kalbi (d. 819), historian *
Hafsa bint Sirin Hafsa bint Sirin (Arabic: حفصة بنت سيرين, b.651 – d.719 CE) was an early female scholar of Islam. She has been called one of the "pioneers in the history of female asceticism in Islam". She lived and taught in Basra. She was know ...
(651–719), scholar of Islam * Harun ibn Musa (d. 786), scholar of the
Arabic language Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...
and
Islamic studies Islamic studies refers to the academic study of Islam, and generally to academic multidisciplinary "studies" programs—programs similar to others that focus on the history, texts and theologies of other religious traditions, such as Easter ...
. * Harith al-Muhasibi (781–857), philosopher, theologian and Sufi scholar * Abu'l-Hasan al-Bayhaqi (1097–1169), astronomer and historian *
Abu'l Abbas al-Hijazi Abu'l Abbas al-Hijazi (), was a 12th-century Arab''Egyptian Commercial Policy in the Middle Ages'', Subhi Labib, Studies in the Economic History of the Middle East: from the Rise of Islam, ed. M. A. Cook, (Oxford University Press, 1970), 68. Muslim ...
(12th century), traveler, merchant and sailor *
Abul Hasan Hankari Abul Hasan Hankari ( ar, ا بوالحسن ہنکاری) Abu Al Hasan Ali Bin Mohammad Qureshi Hashmi Hankari Harithi (born in 409 Hijri (c.1018 CE), in the town of Hankar), town of Mosul (city of northern Iraq, some 400 km north of Baghdad ...
(1018–1093), philosopher, theologian and jurist * Al-Hamdani (893–945), geographer, historian and astronomer * Al-Humaydī al-Azdi (1029–1095), historian *
Al-Harith ibn Kalada Al-Harith ibn Kalada ( ar, الحارث بن كلدة; d. 13 AH/634–35) was an Arab physician and a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He is said to have traveled to Gundeshapur in search of medical knowledge before the advent of Islam ...
(d. 634–35), physician * Al-Hilli (1250–1325), Twelver Shia theologian *
Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam Abu'l Qāsim ʿAbd ar-Raḥman bin ʿAbdullah bin ʿAbd al-Ḥakam (Arabic: أبو القاسم عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم), generally known simply as Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥakam (Arabic: ابن عبد الحكم) (801 ...
(803–871), Egyptian historian * Ibn al-Haj (1250–1336), scholar and theologian writer *
Ibn al-Haytham Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham, Latinized as Alhazen (; full name ; ), was a medieval mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age from present-day Iraq.For the description of his main fields, see e.g. ("He is one of the prin ...
(965–1040), physicist and mathematician * Ibn Hawqal (943–969), writer, geographer, and chronicler *
Ibn Hubal Muhadhdhib al-Dīn Abūʼl-Hasan ʻAlī ibn Ahmad Ibn Habal ( ar, مهذب الدين أبي الحس علي بن أحمد ابن هبل) known as Ibn Habal ( ar, ابن هَبَل) (c. 1122 - 1213) was an Arab physician and scientist born in Baghda ...
(1122–1213), physician, scientist and author of a medical compendium *
Ibn Hisham Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Hishām ibn Ayyūb al-Ḥimyarī al-Muʿāfirī al-Baṣrī ( ar, أبو محمد عبدالملك بن هشام ابن أيوب الحميري المعافري البصري; died 7 May 833), or Ibn Hisham, e ...
(d. 835), historian and biographer *
Ibn Hajar al-Haytami Shihāb al-Dīn Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Ḥajar al-Haytamī al-Makkī al-Anṣārī known as Ibn Hajar al-Haytami al-Makki ( ar, ابن حجر الهيتمي المكي) was an Egyptian Arab muhaddith and theologi ...
(1503–1566), jurist and theologian


I

*
Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī Ibrahim ibn Habib ibn Sulayman ibn Samura ibn Jundab Banu Fazara, al-Fazari () (died 777 CE) was an 8th-century Muslim mathematician and astronomer at the Abbasid court of the Caliph Al-Mansur (r. 754–775). He should not to be confused wit ...
(d. 777), mathematician and astronomer *
Ibrahim al-Nakha'i ( ar, أبو عمران إبراهيم بن يزيد النخعي), also known as , c. 670 CE/50 AH - 714 CE/96 AH), was an Islamic theologian and jurist (). Though belonging to the generation following the companions of Muhammad (the ), he ...
(670–717), theologian, Islamic scholar *
Ibrahim al-Nazzam Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm Ibn Sayyār Ibn Hāni‘ an-Naẓẓām ( ar, أبو إسحاق بن سيار بن هانئ النظام) (c. 775 – c. 845) was an Arab Mu'tazilite theologian and poet. He was a nephew of the Mu'tazilite theologian Abu al- ...
(c. 775 – c. 845), Mu'tazilite theologian and poet *
Iamblichus Iamblichus (; grc-gre, Ἰάμβλιχος ; Aramaic: 𐡉𐡌𐡋𐡊𐡅 ''Yamlīḵū''; ) was a Syrian neoplatonic philosopher of Arabic origin. He determined a direction later taken by neoplatonism. Iamblichus was also the biographer of ...
(c. 245 – c. 325), Neoplatonist
philosopher A philosopher is a person who practices or investigates philosophy. The term ''philosopher'' comes from the grc, φιλόσοφος, , translit=philosophos, meaning 'lover of wisdom'. The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek th ...
, mystic and philosopher *
Iamblichus Iamblichus (; grc-gre, Ἰάμβλιχος ; Aramaic: 𐡉𐡌𐡋𐡊𐡅 ''Yamlīḵū''; ) was a Syrian neoplatonic philosopher of Arabic origin. He determined a direction later taken by neoplatonism. Iamblichus was also the biographer of ...
(c. 165 – 180),
novelist A novelist is an author or writer of novels, though often novelists also write in other genres of both fiction and non-fiction. Some novelists are professional novelists, thus make a living writing novels and other fiction, while others aspire to ...
and
rhetoric Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate parti ...
ian *
Ismail Qureshi al Hashmi Makhdoom Shaikh Imaduddin Ismail Qureshi(Quraishi) Asadi al Hashmi, a Suharwardi Shaikh - is one of the pioneers of Islamic preachers in Allahabad district. He is the grandson of Shaikh Bahauddin Zakaria Multani and son of Shaikh Sadruddin Ari ...
(1260–1349),
Sufi Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...
scholar *
Ismail al-Jazari Badīʿ az-Zaman Abu l-ʿIzz ibn Ismāʿīl ibn ar-Razāz al-Jazarī (1136–1206, ar, بديع الزمان أَبُ اَلْعِزِ إبْنُ إسْماعِيلِ إبْنُ الرِّزاز الجزري, ) was a polymath: a scholar, ...
(1136–1206), scholar, inventor, mechanical engineer, artisan, artist * Ibrahim ibn Adham (718–782),
ascetic Asceticism (; from the el, ἄσκησις, áskesis, exercise', 'training) is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from sensual pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals. Ascetics may withdraw from the world for their p ...
Sufi Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...
saint In religious belief, a saint is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of Q-D-Š, holiness, likeness, or closeness to God. However, the use of the term ''saint'' depends on the context and Christian denomination, denominat ...
*
Ismail ibn al-Ahmar Abū l-Walīd Ismāʿīl ibn Yūsuf Ibn al-Aḥmar () (Granada? 1324/1326 – Fes 1404/1407) was an Andalusian historian of the fourteenth century, the time of the Marinid dynasty.
(1324–1407), historian *
Ishaq ibn Hunayn Abū Yaʿqūb Isḥāq ibn Ḥunayn ( ar, إسحاق بن حنين) (c. 830 Baghdad, – c. 910-1) was an influential Arab physician and translator, known for writing the first biography of physicians in the Arabic language. He is also known for ...
(c. 830 – c. 910/1), physician and translator * Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam (1181–1262), theologian and jurist * Al-Idrisi (1099–1166), geographer and
cartographer Cartography (; from grc, χάρτης , "papyrus, sheet of paper, map"; and , "write") is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an im ...
*
Al-ʻIjliyyah Al-ʻIjliyyah bint al-ʻIjliyy ( ar, العجلية بنت العجلي ) was a 10th-century maker of astrolabes active in Aleppo, in what is now northern Syria. She is sometimes known in modern popular literature as Mariam al-Asṭurlābiyya ( ar ...
, (10th-century), female maker of astrolabes * Ibn Abi Ishaq (d. 735), earliest known grammarian of the
Arabic language Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...
*
Ibn Ishaq Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq ibn Yasār ibn Khiyār (; according to some sources, ibn Khabbār, or Kūmān, or Kūtān, ar, محمد بن إسحاق بن يسار بن خيار, or simply ibn Isḥaq, , meaning "the son of Isaac"; died 767) was an 8 ...
(704–761), historian and hagiographer


J

* Ja'far al-Sadiq (702–765), theologian and alchemist *
Jabir ibn Aflah Abū Muḥammad Jābir ibn Aflaḥ ( ar, أبو محمد جابر بن أفلح, la, Geber/Gebir; 1100–1150) was an Arab Muslim astronomer and mathematician from Seville, who was active in 12th century al-Andalus. His work ''Iṣlāḥ al-Ma ...
(1100–1150), astronomer and mathematician who invented torquetum * Jabir ibn Hayyan (died c. 806–816),
alchemist Alchemy (from Arabic: ''al-kīmiyā''; from Ancient Greek: χυμεία, ''khumeía'') is an ancient branch of natural philosophy, a philosophical and protoscience, protoscientific tradition that was historically practiced in Chinese alchemy, C ...
and polymath, pioneer of organic
chemistry Chemistry is the science, scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a natural science that covers the Chemical element, elements that make up matter to the chemical compound, compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions ...
; may also have been Persian * Jābir ibn Zayd (8th century), theologian and jurist *
Al-Jawaliqi Abū Manṣūr Mauhūb al-Jawālīqī () (April 1074–17 July 1144), Arab grammarian, was born in Baghdād, where he studied philology under Khātib al-Tibrizī (1030 - 1109) and became famous for his handwriting. In his later years he acted ...
(1074–1144), grammarian and philologist *
Al-Jahiz Abū ʿUthman ʿAmr ibn Baḥr al-Kinānī al-Baṣrī ( ar, أبو عثمان عمرو بن بحر الكناني البصري), commonly known as al-Jāḥiẓ ( ar, links=no, الجاحظ, ''The Bug Eyed'', born 776 – died December 868/Jan ...
(776–869),
historian A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the stu ...
,
biologist A biologist is a scientist who conducts research in biology. Biologists are interested in studying life on Earth, whether it is an individual Cell (biology), cell, a multicellular organism, or a Community (ecology), community of Biological inter ...
and author * Al-Jayyānī (989–1079), mathematician and author * Al-Jawbari (fl. 1222), alchemist and writer * Al-Jabali (d. 976), physician and mathematician from Al-Andalus *
Al-Jubba'i Abū 'Alī Muḥammad al-Jubbā'ī ( ar, أبو على محمد الجبائي; died c. 915) was an Arab Mu'tazili influenced theologian and philosopher of the 10th century. Born in Khuzistan, he studied in Basra where he trained Abu al-Hasan al-A ...
(d. 915), Mu'tazili theologian and philosopher *
Al-Jazari Badīʿ az-Zaman Abu l-ʿIzz ibn Ismāʿīl ibn ar-Razāz al-Jazarī (1136–1206, ar, بديع الزمان أَبُ اَلْعِزِ إبْنُ إسْماعِيلِ إبْنُ الرِّزاز الجزري, ) was a polymath: a scholar, ...
(1136–1206), inventor, engineer, artisan, mathematician *
Al-Jarmi Al-Jarmī, full name Abū ‘Umar Ṣāliḥ ibn Isḥāq al-Bajīli al-Jarmī () (d.840 AD/ 225 AH), was an influential grammarian of the Basra school during the Islamic Golden Age, who took part in learned discussions at Baghdād. He was a j ...
(d. 840), grammarian of Arabic Language * Ibn al-Jazzar (10th century), influential 10th-century physician and author * Ibn al-Jawzi (1116–1201), heresiographer, historian, hagiographer and philologist * Ibn Juzayy (d. 1357), historian, scholar and writer of poetry *
Ibn Juljul Abu Dawud Sulayman ibn Hassan Ibn Juljul ( ar, سليمان بن حسان ابن جلجل) (c. 944 Córdoba – c. 994) was an influential Andalusian Arab physician and pharmacologist of perhaps Spanish extraction. He wrote an important book on ...
(c. 944–c. 994), physician and pharmacologist *
Ibn Jazla Abu Ali Yahya ibn Isa ibn Jazla al-Baghdadi or Ibn Jazlah (), Latinized as Buhahylyha Bingezla, was an 11th-century Arab physician of Baghdad and author of an influential treatise on regimen that was translated into Latin in 1280 AD by the Sicili ...
(11th century), physician and author of influential treatise on regimen *
Ibn Jubayr Ibn Jubayr (1 September 1145 – 29 November 1217; ar, ابن جبير), also written Ibn Jubair, Ibn Jobair, and Ibn Djubayr, was an Arab geographer, traveller and poet from al-Andalus. His travel chronicle describes the pilgrimage he made to M ...
(1145–1217), geographer, traveller and poet, known for his detailed travel journals


K

*
Khalifah ibn Khayyat Abū ʿAmr Khalīfa ibn Khayyāṭ al-Laythī al-ʿUṣfurī () (born : 160/161 AH/777 AD– died 239/240 AH/854 AD) was an Arab historian. His family were natives of Basra in Iraq. His grandfather was a noted muhaddith or traditionalist, and Kh ...
(777–854), Arab historian * Al-Khalili (1320–1380), astronomer who compiled extensive tables for astronomical use *
Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Thābit ibn Aḥmad ibn Māhdī al-Shāfiʿī, commonly known as al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī ( ar, الخطيب البغدادي) or "the lecturer from Baghdad" (10 May 1002 – 5 September 1071; 392 AH-463 AH), wa ...
(1002–1071), Islamic scholar and historian * Al-Khayyat (c. 770–c. 835), astrologer and a student of
Mashallah ''Mashallah'' ( ar, مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ, '), also written Masha'Allah, Maşallah (Turkey and Azerbaijan), Masya Allah (Malaysia and Indonesia), Maschallah (Germany), and Mašallah ( Bosnia), is an Arabic phrase that is used to expre ...
* Al-Kindi (c. 801–873), Arab philosopher,
mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. History On ...
,
astronomer An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, g ...
,
physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...
and geographer *
Ibn al-Khabbaza Abu l-Hassan ibn al-Khabbaza () (died 1239) was a qadi, historian and poet active during the reign of the Almohad dynasty, Almohad Sultan Idris al-Ma'mun, Abu al-Ala Idris al-Mamun (r. 1227–32) in Seville, al-Andalus and Marrakesh, Morocco. When ...
(d. 1239), historian and poet *
Ibn al-Kammad Abu Jafar Ahmad ibn Yusuf ibn al‐Kammad () (died 1195) was a Muslim Arab astronomer born in Seville, Al-Andalus. He is known to have been educated in Cordoba by the students of Al-Zarqali. His works such as ''al Kawr ala al dawr, al Amad ala a ...
(d. 1195), astronomer *
Ibn al-Kattani Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn al-Husayn Ibn al-Kattani al-Madhiji () (951–1029), sometimes nicknamed "al-Mutatabbib" (the physician), was a well-known Arab scholar, philosopher, physician, astrologer, man of letters, and poet. Born in Córdoba i ...
(951–1029), scholar, philosopher, physician, astrologer, man of letters, and poet *
Ali ibn Khalaf Alī ibn Khalaf () was an Andalusian astronomer who belonged to the scientific circle of Ṣāʿid al- Andalusī. He devised, with help from al-Zarqali, the universal astrolabe. Both Khalaf and al-Zarqali's design were included in the ''Libros del ...
(11th century), astronomer * Ibn al-Khatib (1313–1374), polymath, poet, writer, historian, philosopher, physician *
Ibn Kathir Abū al-Fiḍā’ ‘Imād ad-Dīn Ismā‘īl ibn ‘Umar ibn Kathīr al-Qurashī al-Damishqī (Arabic: إسماعيل بن عمر بن كثير القرشي الدمشقي أبو الفداء عماد; – 1373), known as Ibn Kathīr (, was ...
(c. 1300–1373), influential Sunni scholar and historian *
Ibn Khaldun Ibn Khaldun (; ar, أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي, ; 27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406, 732-808 AH) was an Arab The Historical Muhammad', Irving M. Zeitlin, (Polity Press, 2007), p. 21; "It is, of ...
(1332–1406), historian, sociologist, and philosopher


L

*
Al-Laqani Ibrahim al-Laqqani () was a mufti of Maliki law, a scholar of Hadith, a scholar of theology and author of one of the most popular didactic poems on Ash'ari theology (''Jawharat at-Tawhid'') which became the subject of numerous commentaries and glo ...
(d. 1631), mufti of
Maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primary ...
law, a scholar of
Hadith Ḥadīth ( or ; ar, حديث, , , , , , , literally "talk" or "discourse") or Athar ( ar, أثر, , literally "remnant"/"effect") refers to what the majority of Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval ...
, a scholar of theology and author of one of the didactic poems on
Ash'ari Ashʿarī theology or Ashʿarism (; ar, الأشعرية: ) is one of the main Sunnī schools of Islamic theology, founded by the Muslim scholar, Shāfiʿī jurist, reformer, and scholastic theologian Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī in the ...
theology * Al-Lakhmi (1006–1085), jurist in the
Maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primary ...
school


M

* Malik ibn Anas (711–795), theologian, and hadith traditionist *
Maslama al-Majriti Abu al-Qasim Maslama ibn Ahmad al-Majriti ( ar, أبو القاسم مسلمة بن أحمد المجريطي: c. 950–1007), known or Latin as , was an Arab Muslim astronomer, chemist, mathematician, economist and Scholar in Islamic Spain, ac ...
(950–1007), astronomer, chemist, mathematician, economist *
Moulay Brahim Moulay Brahim or Mawlāy Ibrāhīm ibn Aḥmad al-Amghārī (died 1661 CE), nicknamed Ṭayr al-Jabal "Bird of the Mountain", was a well-known Moroccan sufi saint. He was the grandson of ʿAbdallāh ibn Ḥusayn al-Ḥassānī, the founder (c. 1525 ...
(d. 1661 CE), Sufi saint *
Mujir al-Din Mujīr al-Dīn al-ʿUlaymī (Arabic: ) ‎(1456–1522), often simply Mujir al-Din, was a Jerusalemite ''qadi'' and historian whose principal work chronicled the history of Jerusalem and Hebron in the Middle Ages.Little, 1995, p. 237.van Donze ...
(1456–1522), qadi and historian *
Mohammed al-Mahdi al-Fasi Mohammed al-Mahdi al-Fasi () also known as Abu Isa Abu Abdallah Mohammed al-Mahdi ibn Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Yusuf al-Fihri al-Fasi was a well-known mystic, biographer and historian from Fes. A member of the prominent ''al-Fasi'' family. He was born in ...
(1624–1698), mystic, biographer and historian *
Mohammed al-Arbi al-Fasi Abu Abd Allah Hamid Mohammed ibn Yusuf al-Arbi al-Fasi () (1580–1642), born to the ''al-Fasi'' family in Fas in Morocco, is the author of several books among which ''Mir'at al-Mahâsin min akhbar al-shaykh Abi al-Mahasin'' (The Mirror of exemp ...
(1580–1642), author * Mohammed ibn Qasim al-Tamimi (1140–1207),
hadith Ḥadīth ( or ; ar, حديث, , , , , , , literally "talk" or "discourse") or Athar ( ar, أثر, , literally "remnant"/"effect") refers to what the majority of Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval ...
scholar and biographer *
Mohammed ibn Nasir Sidi Mohammed ibn Nasir ( ar, مْحَمَّد بنَّاصر) or Mohammed ibn Mohammed ibn Ahmed ibn Mohammed ibn al-Hussayn ibn Nasir ibn Amr abu Bakr al-Drawi al-Aghlabi (1603–1674) was a Moroccan Sufi and founder of the Nasiriyya ''zawiyya' ...
(1603–1674), theologian, scholar and physician *
Makhdoom Ali Mahimi Makhdoom Ali Mahimi Shafi'i (1372–1431 A.D) was a saint and scholar of international repute. He lived during the time of the Tughlaq dynasty and that of Sultan Ahmed Shah of Gujarat, and was married to the Sultan's sister. He is widely acknowl ...
(1372–1431), Muslim scholar and saint *
Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj Abū al-Ḥusayn ‘Asākir ad-Dīn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj ibn Muslim ibn Ward ibn Kawshādh al-Qushayrī an-Naysābūrī ( ar, أبو الحسين عساكر الدين مسلم بن الحجاج بن مسلم بن وَرْد بن كوشاذ ...
(815–875), Islamic scholar, theologian and famous hadith compiler *
Mujahid ibn Jabr Abū l-Ḥajjāj Mujāhid ibn Jabr al-Qāriʾ ( ar, مُجَاهِدُ بْنُ جَبْرٍ) (642–722 CE) was a Tabi‘ and one of the major early Islamic scholars. His tafsīr of the Qur'an (exegesis/commentary) is believed to be the earlie ...
(645–722), Islamic scholar and jurist *
Mohammed ibn al-Tayyib Mohammed bin al-Tayyib () or Abu Abdallah Mohammed bin Mohammed bin Musa bin Mohammed al-Sharqi al-Sumayli ibn Tayyib al-Fasi al-Alami (1698–1756) was a famous Moroccan linguist, historian and scholar of fikh (law) and hadith. He is the author ...
(1698–1756), linguist, historian and scholar of fikh and
hadith Ḥadīth ( or ; ar, حديث, , , , , , , literally "talk" or "discourse") or Athar ( ar, أثر, , literally "remnant"/"effect") refers to what the majority of Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval ...
*
Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Habib ibn Sulayman ibn Samra ibn Jundab Banu Fazara, al-Fazari () (died 796 or 806) was a Muslim philosopher, mathematician and astronomer. He is not to be confused with his father Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī, also an astronom ...
(d. 796 or 806), Muslim philosopher, mathematician and astronomer *
Muhammad al-Baghdadi Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn ‘Abd al-Bāqī al-Baghdadi al-Ansārī al-Kaabī (1050-1141) (Arabic: محمد بن عبد الباقي البغدادي) also known as Qadi al-Maristan, was an Arab jurist and mathematician. He was the author of a commen ...
(d. 1037), mathematician * Muhammad ibn Aslam Al-Ghafiqi (d.1165), an
Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...
doctor, ophthalmologist and pharmacist *
Muhammad Ibn Wasi' Al-Azdi Muhammad Ibn Wasi' Al-Azdi (d.ca.744 or 751) was a ''taba'een, tabi'i'' Islamic scholar of ''hadith'', judge, and soldier who was noted for his asceticism (''zuhd''). His statement, 'I never saw anything without seeing Allah therein' was much discus ...
(d. 751),
Islamic scholar In Islam, the ''ulama'' (; ar, علماء ', singular ', "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ''ulema''; feminine: ''alimah'' ingularand ''aalimath'' lural are the guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of reli ...
of ''
hadith Ḥadīth ( or ; ar, حديث, , , , , , , literally "talk" or "discourse") or Athar ( ar, أثر, , literally "remnant"/"effect") refers to what the majority of Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval ...
'', judge and soldier *
Muhammad al-Shaybani Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Farqad ash-Shaybānī ( ar, أبو عبد الله محمد بن الحسن بن فرقد الشيباني; 749/50 – 805), the father of Muslim international law, was an Arab jurist and a dis ...
(749/50 – 805), father of Muslim international law *
Muhammed ibn Umail al-Tamimi Muḥammad ibn Umayl al-Tamīmī ( ar, محمد بن أميل التميمي), known in Latin as Senior Zadith, was an early Muslim alchemist who lived from to Very little is known about his life. A Vatican Library catalogue lists one manusc ...
(900–960), Arab
alchemist Alchemy (from Arabic: ''al-kīmiyā''; from Ancient Greek: χυμεία, ''khumeía'') is an ancient branch of natural philosophy, a philosophical and protoscience, protoscientific tradition that was historically practiced in Chinese alchemy, C ...
*
Abu al-Majd ibn Abi al-Hakam Abu al-Majd ibn Abi al-Hakam Ubaydullah Ibn al-Muzaffar al-Bahili ( ar, أفضل الدولة أبو المجد محمد بن أبي الحكم عبيد اللَّه بن المظفر بن عبد اللَّه الباهلي; d. 1174 CE) was an And ...
(d. 1174), physician, musician and astrologer *
Abu Mikhnaf Lut ibn Yahya ibn Sa'id ibn Mikhnaf al-Azdi ( ar, لوط ابن يحيٰ ابن سعيد ابن مِخنَف الأزدي, Lūṭ ibn Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd ibn Mikhnaf al-Azdī), more commonly known by his '' kunya'' (epithet) Abu Mikhnaf ( ar, أ ...
(d. 774), historian * Abu Madyan (1126–1198), influential
Andalusian Andalusia is a region in Spain. Andalusian may also refer to: Animals *Andalusian chicken, a type of chicken *Andalusian donkey, breed of donkey *Andalusian hemipode, a buttonquail, one of a small family of birds *Andalusian horse, a breed of ho ...
mystic and a
Sufi Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...
master *
Al-Masudi Al-Mas'udi ( ar, أَبُو ٱلْحَسَن عَلِيّ ٱبْن ٱلْحُسَيْن ٱبْن عَلِيّ ٱلْمَسْعُودِيّ, '; –956) was an Arab historian, geographer and traveler. He is sometimes referred to as the "Herodotus ...
(896–956), historian, geographer and philosopher, traveled to Spain, Russia, India,
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
and China, spent his last years in
Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
and
Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
* Al-Maʿarri (973–1057), blind Arab
philosopher A philosopher is a person who practices or investigates philosophy. The term ''philosopher'' comes from the grc, φιλόσοφος, , translit=philosophos, meaning 'lover of wisdom'. The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek th ...
, poet and writer *
Al-Maqrizi Al-Maqrīzī or Maḳrīzī (Arabic: ), whose full name was Taqī al-Dīn Abū al-'Abbās Aḥmad ibn 'Alī ibn 'Abd al-Qādir ibn Muḥammad al-Maqrīzī (Arabic: ) (1364–1442) was a medieval Egyptian Arab historian during the Mamluk era, kn ...
(1364–1442), historian * Al-Maqdisi (946–991), medieval Arab geographer, author of ''Ahsan at-Taqasim fi Ma`rifat il-Aqalim'' (''The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions'') * Al-Maziri (1061–1141 CE), jurist in the
Maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primary ...
school * Al-Mubarrad (826–898), grammarian and linguist *
Al-Mubashshir ibn Fatik Abu al-Wafa' al-Mubashshir ibn Fatik ( ar, ابو الوفاء المبشّر بن فاتك ) was an Arab philosopher and scholar well versed in the mathematical sciences and also wrote on logic and medicine. He was born in Damascus but lived mai ...
(11th century), mathematician * Al-Musabbihi (977–1030), Fatimid historian * Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi (11th century) mechanical engineer and inventor *
Ibn al-Majdi Shihāb al‐Dīn ibn al‐Majdī ( ar, شهاب الدين بن المجدي; 1359–1447 CE) was an Egyptian mathematician and astronomer An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific questio ...
(1359–1447), mathematician and astronomer * Ibn Manzur (1233–1312), lexicographer and linguist *
Ibn Malik Abu 'Abd Allah Jamal al-Din Muḥammad ibn Abd Allāh ibn Malik al-Ta'i al-Jayyani ( ar, ابو عبدالله جمال الدين محمد بن عبدالله بن محمد بن عبدالله بن مالك الطائي الجياني النحو ...
(1203/1204 or 1204/1025 – 21 February 1274) grammarian * Ibn Mājid (1432–1500), navigator and poet * Ibn Maḍāʾ (1116–1196), mathematician and grammarian


N

* Niftawayh (858–935), grammarian *
Nur ad-Din al-Bitruji Nur ad-Din al-Bitruji () (also spelled Nur al-Din Ibn Ishaq al-Betrugi and Abu Ishâk ibn al-Bitrogi) (known in the West by the Latinized name of Alpetragius) (died c. 1204) was an Iberian-Arab astronomer and a Qadi in al-Andalus. Al-Biṭrūjī ...
(d. 1204),
astronomer An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, g ...
and
philosopher A philosopher is a person who practices or investigates philosophy. The term ''philosopher'' comes from the grc, φιλόσοφος, , translit=philosophos, meaning 'lover of wisdom'. The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek th ...
; the
Alpetragius Nur ad-Din al-Bitruji () (also spelled Nur al-Din Ibn Ishaq al-Betrugi and Abu Ishâk ibn al-Bitrogi) (known in the West by the Latinized name of Alpetragius) (died c. 1204) was an Iberian-Arab astronomer and a Qadi in al-Andalus. Al-Biṭrūjī ...
crater on the Moon is named after him *
Nadr ibn al-Harith Al-Naḍr ibn al-Ḥārith ibn ʿAlqama ibn Kalada ibn ʿAbd Manāf ibn Abd al-Dār ibn Quṣayy () (d. 624 CE) was an Arab pagan physician who lived in the same time and region as the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was captured after the Battle of ...
(d. 624 CE), physician and practitioner * Nafi ibn al-Harith (d. 13 AH/634–35), physician *
Abu Jaʿfar an-Nahhas Abu Jaʿfar An-Nahhas (; died 949 AD / AH 338) was an Egyptian Muslim scholar of grammar and Qur'anic exegete during the 10th-century Abbasid period. His full name was ''Abū Jaʿfar Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Ismail Ibn Yūnus al-Murādi'', surname ...
(d. 338), grammarian * Al-Nawawi (1234–1277), hadith scholar *
Al-Nuwayri Al-Nuwayrī, full name Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad bin ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Nuwayrī ( ar, شهاب الدين أحمد بن عبد الوهاب النويري, born April 5, 1279 in Akhmim, present-day Egypt – died June 5, 1333 in Cairo) was an Eg ...
(1279–1333), historian and encyclopedist * Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288),
physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...
and author, the first to describe pulmonary circulation, compiled a medical encyclopedia and wrote numerous works on other subjects * Ibn al-Nadim (d. 995), bibliophile of
Baghdad Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon ...
and compiler of the
Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...
encyclopedic catalogue known as '
Kitāb al-Fihrist The ''Kitāb al-Fihrist'' ( ar, كتاب الفهرست) (''The Book Catalogue'') is a compendium of the knowledge and literature of tenth-century Islam compiled by Ibn Al-Nadim (c.998). It references approx. 10,000 books and 2,000 authors.''The ...
'


Q

*
Qadi Ayyad ʿIyāḍ ibn Mūsā (1083–1149) ( ar, القاضي عياض بن موسى, formally Abū al-Faḍl ʿIyāḍ ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ ibn ʿAmr ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ al-Yaḥṣubī ...
(1083–1149), biographer and historian *
Qatāda ibn Di'āma Qatada ibn Di'amah al-Sadusi or Abu Khattab () (d. 117/735) was a mufassir and Muhaddith who lived in Basra, Iraq. Life He came from the clan of Sadus, from the northern Arab tribe of Banu Shayban. Little is known about his life, and the earliest ...
(d. 735/736), traditionalist,
hadith Ḥadīth ( or ; ar, حديث, , , , , , , literally "talk" or "discourse") or Athar ( ar, أثر, , literally "remnant"/"effect") refers to what the majority of Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval ...
,
tafsir Tafsir ( ar, تفسير, tafsīr ) refers to exegesis, usually of the Quran. An author of a ''tafsir'' is a ' ( ar, مُفسّر; plural: ar, مفسّرون, mufassirūn). A Quranic ''tafsir'' attempts to provide elucidation, explanation, in ...
,
Arabic poetry Arabic poetry ( ar, الشعر العربي ''ash-shi‘ru al-‘Arabīyyu'') is the earliest form of Arabic literature. Present knowledge of poetry in Arabic dates from the 6th century, but oral poetry is believed to predate that. Arabic poetry ...
and
genealogy Genealogy () is the study of families, family history, and the tracing of their lineages. Genealogists use oral interviews, historical records, genetic analysis, and other records to obtain information about a family and to demonstrate kins ...
*
Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr Al-Qāsim ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr ( ar, قاسم بن محمد) (born 36 or 38 AH and died 106 AH or 108 AH; corresponding to 660/662 and 728/730) The Four Imams by Muhammad Abu Zahrahchapter on Imam Malik was a jurist in early Isla ...
(660/62–728/30), Islamic scholar * Abū al-Ḥasan al-Qalaṣādī (1412–1486), mathematician from Al-Andalus specializing in Islamic inheritance jurisprudence *
Al-Qabisi Abu al-Saqr Abd al-Aziz ibn Uthman ibn Ali al-Qabisi, generally known as Al-Qabisi, (Latinised as Alchabitius or Alcabitius), and sometimes known as ''Alchabiz'', ''Abdelazys'', ''Abdilaziz'' (Arabic:'' 'Abd al-Azîz'', عبدالعزيز ال ...
(d. 967), astrologer and mathematician * Al-Qadi al-Nu'man (d. 974), official historian of the Fatimid caliphs * Al-Qalqashandi (1355/56–1418), writer and mathematician * Al-Qushayri (986–1074), theologian and philosopher *
Al-Qastallani Shihāb al-Dīn Abu'l-‘Abbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr al-Qasṭallānī al-Qutaybī al-Shāfi‘ī ( ar, أحمد بن محمد ابن أبي بكر ابن عبد الملك بن أحمد بن حسين بن علي القسطلاني ...
(1448–1517), jurist and theologian * Al-Qifti (1172–1248), historian *
Al-Qurtubi Imam Abū ʿAbdullāh Al-Qurṭubī or Abū ʿAbdullāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Abī Bakr al-Anṣārī al-Qurṭubī ( ar, أبو عبدالله القرطبي) (121429 April 1273) was an Andalusian jurist, Islamic scholar and muhaddith. He ...
(1233–1286), muhaddith and faqih *
Ibn al-Qūṭiyya Ibn al-Qūṭiyya (, died 6 November 977), born Muḥammad Ibn ʿUmar Ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn ʾIbrāhīm ibn ʿIsā ibn Muzāḥim (), also known as Abu Bakr or al-Qurtubi ("the Córdoban"), was an Andalusian historian and the greatest philologi ...
(d. 977), Andalusian historian *
Ibn al-Quff Amīn-ad-Daula Abu-'l-Faraǧ ibn Yaʻqūb ibn Isḥāq Ibn al-Quff al-Karaki ( ar, أمين الدولة أبو الفرج بن يعقوب بن إسحاق بن القف الكركي; AD 1233–1286) was an Arab physician and surgeon and author of t ...
(1233–1286), physician *
Ibn al-Qasim Ibn al-Qasim is a component of Arabic masculine names. Notable people whose full name includes "Ibn al-Qasim" or "Ibn al-Kasim" include: * Ibn al-Qasim ('Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Qasim al-'Utaqi), prominent early jurist in the Maliki school from Egypt ...
(750–806), jurist in the
Maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primary ...
school *
Ibn al-Qalanisi Abū Yaʿlā Ḥamzah ibn al-Asad ibn al-Qalānisī ( ar, ابو يعلى حمزة ابن الاسد ابن القلانسي; c. 1071 – 18 March 1160) was an Arab politician and chronicler in 12th-century Damascus. Biography Abu Ya‘la ('father ...
(c. 1071–1160), chronicler and historian *
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya Shams al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr ibn Ayyūb al-Zurʿī l-Dimashqī l-Ḥanbalī (29 January 1292–15 September 1350 CE / 691 AH–751 AH), commonly known as Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya ("The son of the principal of he school ...
(1292–1350), theologian, and spiritual writer * Ibn Qudamah (1147–1223), theologian


R

* Rabia of Basra (714–801), philosopher and Sufi mystic *
Rashidun al-Suri Rashid al-Din al-Suri ( ar, رشيد الدين الصوري, translit=Rashid ad-din as-Sury, 1177–1241) was a leading physician and botanist in the Islamic world in the 13th century. He served the leading figures of the Ayyubid dynasty.Ali, 199 ...
(1177–1241), physician and botanist *
Raja ibn Haywah Rajaʾ ibn Ḥaywa ibn Khanzal al-Kindī () was a prominent Muslim theological and political adviser of the Umayyad caliphs Abd al-Malik (), al-Walid I (), Sulayman () and Umar II (). He was a staunch defender of the religious conduct of the calip ...
(7th century), architect, jurist and
Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...
calligraphist *
Rufaida Al-Aslamia Rufaida Al-Aslamia (also transliterated Rufaida Al-Aslamiya or Rufaydah bint Sa`ad) ( ar, رفيدة الأسلمية) (born approx. 620 AD; 2 BH), was an Islamic medical and social worker recognized as the first female Muslim nurse and the first ...
(b. 620), physician * Al-Ruhawi (9th century), physician * Ibn Abi Ramtha (7th century), physician * Ibn al‐Raqqam (1250–1315), astronomer, mathematician and physician * Ibn Rajab (1335–1392/93), Islamic scholar


S

*
Sahnun Sahnun ibn Sa'id ibn Habib at-Tanukhi () (c. 776/77 – 854/55) (160 AH – 240 AH ) was a jurist in the Maliki school from Qayrawan in modern-day Tunisia. Biography His original name was Abdu Salaam Ibn Said Ibn Habib () He gained the nickna ...
(776–854), Islamic scholar and
Maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primary ...
jurist *
Said al-Andalusi Ṣāʿid al-Andalusī (); he was Abū al-Qāsim Ṣāʿid ibn Abū al-Walīd Aḥmad ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Ṣāʿid ibn ʿUthmān al-Taghlibi al-Qūrtūbi () (1029July 6, 1070 AD; 4206 Shawwal, 462 AH); an Arab qadi of Toledo ...
(1029–1070), astronomer, historian and philosopher *
Said ibn al-Musayyib Abu Muhammad Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib ibn Hazn al-Makhzumi ( ar, سعید بن المسیب, Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyib; 642–715) was one of the foremost authorities of jurisprudence (''fiqh'') among the ''taba'een'' (generation succeeding the compan ...
(642–715 CE), jurist and theologian *
Sa'id ibn Aws al-Ansari Abū Zayd Sa’īd ibn Aws al-Anṣārī (; died 830 CE/215 AH) was an Arab linguist and a reputable narrator of hadith. Sibawayh and al-Jāḥiẓ were among his pupils. His father was Aws ibn Thabit also a hadith narrator, while his grandfather ...
(d. 830), linguist * Shihab al-Umari (1300–1349), historian *
Sayf ibn Umar }) was an 8th-century Islamic historian and compiler of reports who lived in Kufa. He wrote the ('The Great book of Conquests and Apostasy Wars'), which was the later historian al-Tabari's (839–923) main source for the Ridda wars and the early ...
(1428–1497), historian *
Sufyan al-Thawri Sufyan al-Thawri ( ar, أبو عبد الله سفيان بن سعيد بن مسروق الثوري, ʼAbu ʿAbd Allāh Sufyān ibn Saʻīd ibn Masrūq al-Thawrī ; 716–778) was a ''Tābi‘ al-Tābi‘īn'' Islamic scholar, jurist, and founder ...
(716–778), Islamic scholar and jurist * Sa'id ibn Jubayr (665–714), theologian and jurist * Sufyan ibn `Uyaynah (725–814), religious scholar and theologian *
Sidi Mahrez Sidi Mahrez ben Khalaf or Abu Mohamed Mahrez ben Khalaf ben Zayn ( ar, سيدي محرز بن خلف; 951–1022) was a Tunisian Wali, scholar of the Maliki school of jurisprudence and a Qadi. He is considered to be the patron-saint of the city of ...
(951–1022), scholar, jurist and
Qadi A qāḍī ( ar, قاضي, Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, cadi, kadi, or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of a '' sharīʿa'' court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and mino ...
*
Sibt al-Maridini Sibt al-Maridini, full name Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Abū ʿAbd Allāh Badr hamsal‐Dīnal‐Miṣrī al‐Dimashqī (1423 – 1506 AD), was an astronomer and mathematician. () His father came from Damascus. The word "Sibt al-Ma ...
(1423–1506), astronomer and mathematician * Sitt al-Wuzara al-Tanukhiyyah (1226/1226-1338), an
Arab woman The roles of women in the Arab world have changed throughout history, as the culture and society in which they live has undergone significant transformations. Historically, as well as presently, the situation of women differs greatly between A ...
scholar * Sulaiman al-Mahri (1480–1550), geographer *
Abu al-Salt Abū aṣ‐Ṣalt Umayya ibn ʿAbd al‐ʿAzīz ibn Abī aṣ‐Ṣalt ad‐Dānī al‐Andalusī () (October 23, 1134), known in Latin as Albuzale, was an Andalusian-Arab polymath who wrote about pharmacology, geometry, Aristotelian physics, a ...
(c. 1068–1134), astronomer, physician and alchemist * Abu Amr al-Shaybani ((d. 821/28), lexicographer and collector of Arabic poetry *
Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi ( ar, ابوسعیدمبارک مخزومی), known also as Mubarak bin Ali Makhzoomi and Abu Saeed and Abu Sa'd al-Mubarak (rarely known as Qazi Abu Sa'd al-Mubarak al-Mukharrimi) was a Sufi saint as well as a Muslim ...
(1013–1119), theologian *
Al-Shafi‘i Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥammad ibn Idrīs al-Shāfiʿī ( ar, أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ ٱلشَّافِعِيُّ, 767–19 January 820 CE) was an Arab Muslim theologian, writer, and schola ...
(767–820 CE), Islamic scholar * Al-Sakhawi (1428–1497), hadith scholar and historian * Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid (c. 948–1022 CE), Twelver Shia theologian *
Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Mūsā al-Shāṭibī (720 – 790 A.H./1320 – 1388 C.E.) was an Andalusí Sunni Islamic legal scholar following the Maliki madhab.Dr. Ahmad Raysuni, ''Imam Shatibi's Theory of the Higher Objectives and Intents o ...
(1320–1388),
Islamic Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or '' Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the mai ...
legal scholar * Al-Suwaydi (1204–1292), physician *
Al-Shifa' bint Abdullah Al-Shifāʾ bint ʿAbd Allāh ( ar, الشفاء بنت عبد الله), whose given name was Laylā, was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Biography She was the daughter of Abdullah ibn Abdshams and Fatima bint WahbMuhammad ibn Saad. ...
(7th century), healer, wise woman and practiced folk-medicine *
Al-Sayyid al-Tanukhi Al-Amir al-Sayyid Jamal al-Din 'Abdalla al-Tanukhi (May 1417 – September 1479) was a Druze theologian and commentator. He has been described as "the most deeply revered individual in Druze history after the ''hudud'' who founded and propagated ...
(951–1022),
Druze The Druze (; ar, دَرْزِيٌّ, ' or ', , ') are an Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group from Western Asia who adhere to the Druze faith, an Abrahamic, monotheistic, syncretic, and ethnic religion based on the teachings of ...
theologian and commentator *
Al-Suhayli Sidi Abu al-Qasim Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd Allah al-Suhayli () (1114 – 1185), was born in Al-Andalus, Fuengirola (formerly called Suhayl) and died in Marrakesh. He is one of the seven saints of that city. Al-Suhayli wrote books on grammar and ...
(1114–1185), grammarian and scholar of law. * Al-Ṣaidanānī (10th century), astronomer * Ibn al-Shatir (1304–1375), astronomer, mathematician, engineer and inventor, worked at the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria, developed an original astronomical model * Ibn al-Saffar (d. 1035), astronomer *
Ibn al-Samh Abū al‐Qāsim Aṣbagh ibn Muḥammad ibn al‐Samḥ al‐Gharnāṭī al-Mahri () (born 979, Córdoba; died 1035, Granada), also known as Ibn al‐Samḥ, was an Arab mathematician and astronomer from Al-Andalus. He worked at the school foun ...
(979–1035), mathematician and astronomer *
Ibn Sa'id al-Maghribi Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Mūsā ibn Saʿīd al-Maghribī ( ar, علي بن موسى المغربي بن سعيد) (1213–1286), also known as Ibn Saʿīd al-Andalusī, was an Arab geographer, historian, poet, and the most important collector o ...
(1213–1286), geographer * Ibn Sab'in (d. 1271), last philosopher of the Andalus * Ibn Sidah (c.1007–1066), grammarian and lexicographer * Ibn Sirin (d. 729), mystic, psychologist and interpreter of dreams *
Ibn Sa'd Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Sa‘d ibn Manī‘ al-Baṣrī al-Hāshimī or simply Ibn Sa'd ( ar, ابن سعد) and nicknamed ''Scribe of Waqidi'' (''Katib al-Waqidi''), was a scholar and Arabian biographer. Ibn Sa'd was born in 784/785 C ...
(784–845), scholar and Arabian biographer * Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (670–741), historian * Ibn Sayyid al-Nās, Abu Bakr (1200–1261), Medieval theologian * Ibn Sayyid al-Nās, Fath al-Din (1272–1334), Medieval theologian


T

* Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf (1526–1585), physician, mathematician, clockmaker and astronomer * Taqi al-Din al-Subki (1284 CE–1355 CE), scholar, jurist and judge *
Taj al-Din al-Subki Abū Naṣr Tāj al-Dīn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb ibn ʿAlī ibn ʻAbd al-Kāfī al-Subkī (), or Tāj al-Dīn al-Subkī ()or simply Ibn al-Subki was a leading Islamic scholar, a faqīh, a muḥaddith and a historian from the celebrated al-Subkī family ...
(1327/28–1370), historian and jurist * Taqi al-Din Muhammad al-Fasi (1373–1429),
historian A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the stu ...
, scholar, hafith, faqih and
Maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primary ...
qadi A qāḍī ( ar, قاضي, Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, cadi, kadi, or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of a '' sharīʿa'' court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and mino ...
*
Taqiyya Umm Ali bint Ghaith ibn Ali al-Armanazi Umm ‘Alī Taqiyya bint Abi’l-Faraj Ghayth b. ‘Alī b. ‘Abd al-Salām b. Muḥammad b. Ja‘far al-Sulamī al-Armanāzī al-Ṣūrī (), also known as Sitt al-Ni‘m () (born Damascus 505/1111, died, probably in Egypt, 579/1183-4), was a poet ...
(1111-1183), an
Arab woman The roles of women in the Arab world have changed throughout history, as the culture and society in which they live has undergone significant transformations. Historically, as well as presently, the situation of women differs greatly between A ...
poet and scholar *
Theodore Abu Qurrah Theodore Abū Qurrah ( gr, Θεόδωρος Ἀβουκάρας, Theodoros Aboukaras; ar, تواضروس أبو قرة, Tawadrūs Abū Qurrah; c. 750, – c. 825) was a 9th-century Melkite bishop and theologian who lived in the early Islamic perio ...
(750–825), theologian and bishop *
Thābit ibn Qurra Thābit ibn Qurra (full name: , ar, أبو الحسن ثابت بن قرة بن زهرون الحراني الصابئ, la, Thebit/Thebith/Tebit); 826 or 836 – February 19, 901, was a mathematician, physician, astronomer, and translator who ...
(826–902), mathematician, physician, astronomer, and translator * Al-Tabarani (873–970), Islamic scholar *
Al-Tughrai Mu'ayyad al-Din Abu Isma‘il al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Samad al-Du'ali al-Kināni al-Tughra'i (Arabic: العميد فخر الكتاب مؤيد الدين أبو إسماعيل الحسين بن علي بن محمد بن عبد ا ...
(c. 1061–1122), physician and alchemist *
Al-Tahawi Abu Ja'far Ahmad al-Tahawi ( ar, أبو جعفر الطحاوي, translit=Abū Jaʿfar Aḥmad aṭ-Ṭaḥāwī) (843 – 5 November 933), or simply aṭ-Ṭaḥāwī (Arabic: ), was an Egyptians, Egyptian Arabs, Arab Hanafi jurist and Traditiona ...
(843–933), jurist and a
hadith scholar Hadith studies ( ar, علم الحديث ''ʻilm al-ḥadīth'' "science of hadith", also science of hadith, or science of hadith criticism or hadith criticism) consists of several religious scholarly disciplines used by Muslim scholars in th ...
*
Al-Tighnari Al-Tighnari (meaning "from Tignar", ; full name: Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Malik al-Murri al-Tighnari al-Gharnati ; ) was an Andalusian Arab Muslim agronomist, botanist, poet, traveler, and physician. Al-Tighnari wrote a treatise on agronomy call ...
(1073–1118), agronomist, botanist, biologist *
Al-Tamimi Banū Tamīm ( ar, بَنُو تَمِيم) is an Arabs, Arab tribe that originated in Najd in the Arabian Peninsula. It is mainly present in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Iraq, Jordan, Algeria, and has a strong presence in Morocco, State of Pale ...
(10th-century), physician from
Palestine __NOTOC__ Palestine may refer to: * State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia * Palestine (region), a geographic region in Western Asia * Palestinian territories, territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East ...
* Al-Tawhīdī (923–1023), philosopher and thinker *
Ibn Taymiyyah Ibn Taymiyyah (January 22, 1263 – September 26, 1328; ar, ابن تيمية), birth name Taqī ad-Dīn ʾAḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm ibn ʿAbd al-Salām al-Numayrī al-Ḥarrānī ( ar, تقي الدين أحمد بن عبد الحليم ...
(d. 1328), theologian and logician * Ibn al-Tiqtaqa (d. 1310), historian *
Ibn Tawus Sayyed Radhi ud-Deen Ali ibn Musa ibn Tawus al Hasani wal Husaini (1193-1266 AD) commonly called Sayyed Ibn Tawus () was a Shiite jurist, theologian, historian and astrologer. He was a descendant of Hasan ibn Ali through his father and a descendan ...
(1193–1266), astrologer * Ibn Tufail (1105–1185), Andalusian writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, astronomer, vizier, and court official *
Ibn al-Thahabi Abu Mohammed Abdellah Ibn Mohammed Al-Azdi ( ar, ابو محمد عبدالله بن محمد الأزدي) (ca. ? - 1033 CE), known also as Ibn Al-Thahabi or Ibn al-Zahabi was an Arab physician, famous for writing the first known alphabetical ency ...
(d. 1033),
physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...
and author of the first known alphabetical encyclopedia of medicine


U

*
Usama ibn Munqidh Majd ad-Dīn Usāma ibn Murshid ibn ʿAlī ibn Munqidh al-Kināni al-Kalbī (also Usamah, Ousama, etc.; ar, مجد الدّين اُسامة ابن مُرشد ابن على ابن مُنقذ الكنانى الكلبى) (4 July 1095 – 17 Nove ...
(1095–1188), Arab historian, politician, and diplomat * Urwah ibn Zubayr (7th century), historian and jurist *
Umm al-Darda Umm al-Darda al-Kubra (Arabic: أم الدرداء الكبرى) was a companion of prophet Muhammad. She was a prominent jurist during the 7th century in Damascus. One of her students, ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān, was the 5th Umayyad caliph. He s ...
(7th century), jurist and theologian * Umm Darda al-Sughra (7th century),
jurist A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyses and comments on law. This person is usually a specialist legal scholar, mostly (but not always) with a formal qualification in law and often a legal practitioner. In the Uni ...
and
scholar of Islam In Islam, the ''ulama'' (; ar, علماء ', singular ', "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ''ulema''; feminine: ''alimah'' ingularand ''aalimath'' lural are the guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of religious ...
* Umm Farwah (8th century), hadith narrator and saint *
Al-Uqlidisi Abu'l Hasan Ahmad ibn Ibrahim Al-Uqlidisi ( ar, أبو الحسن أحمد بن ابراهيم الإقليدسي) was a Muslim Arab mathematician, who was active in Damascus and Baghdad. He wrote the earliest surviving book on the positional use ...
(920–980), wrote two works on arithmetic, may have anticipated the invention of decimals * Al-Urḍī (d. 1266), astronomer * Ibn Abi Usaibia (1203–1270),
physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...
and
historian A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the stu ...
, wrote ''Uyun al-Anba fi Tabaqat al-Atibba'' (''Lives of the Physicians'') *
Ibn Uthal Ibn Uthal or Ibn Athal ( ar, ابن أثال) was an Arab Christian who was the personal physician of the caliph Mu'awiya I and was regarded as the most distinguished of the medical practitioners of the early Umayyad period. His medical knowledge ...
(7th century), physician *
Ibn Umail Muḥammad ibn Umayl al-Tamīmī ( ar, محمد بن أميل التميمي), known in Latin as Senior Zadith, was an early Muslim alchemist who lived from to Very little is known about his life. A Vatican Library catalogue lists one manusc ...
, (10th century), alchemist and mystic


W

*
Waddah al-Yaman Waddah al-Yaman ( ar, وضّاح اليمن), born Abdul Rahman bin Isma’il al-Khawlani ( ar, عبدالرحمن بن اسماعيل الخولاني) (died 708), was an Arab poet. Biography Al-Yaman was born in Yemen in the second half of the ...
(d. 709), poet, famous for his erotic and romantic poems *
Wasil ibn Ata Wāṣil ibn ʿAtāʾ (700–748) ( ar, واصل بن عطاء) was an important Muslim theologian and jurist of his time, and by many accounts is considered to be the founder of the Muʿtazilite school of Kalam. Born around the year 700 in the ...
(700–748), theologian and founder of the Mutazilite school of Islamic thought * Al-Warraq (889–994), scholar and critic of religions * Al-Wafa'i (1408–1471), astronomer * Ibn al-Wafid (997–1074), pharmacologist and physician * Ibn al-Wardi (1292–1342), historian *
Ibn Wahb Abu Muhammad Abdallah ibn Wahb ibn Muslim al-Fihri al-Qurashi al-Misri (743 – 813 CE) (125 – 197 AH ), better known as Ibn Wahb was an important Egyptian early jurist in the Maliki school. He was one of Malik's best known companions and h ...
(743–813 CE), jurist of Maliki school * Ibn Wahshiyya (10th century), Arab alchemist and agriculturalist


Y

*
Yahya ibn Aktham Abu Muhammad Yahya ibn Aktham ( ar, أبو محمد يحيى بن أكثم, died 857) was a ninth century Arab Faqīh, Islamic jurist. He twice served as the Qadi, chief judge of the Abbasid Caliphate, from ca. 825 to 833 and 851 to 854. Career ...
(d. 857), jurist * Yaʿīsh al-Umawī (1400–1489), mathematician, wrote works on mensuration and arithmetic *
Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud Abu Amir Yusuf ibn Ahmad ibn Hud ( ar, أبو عامر يوسف إبن أحمد إبن هود, Abū ʿĀmir Yūsuf ibn Aḥmad ibn Hūd; died ), more commonly known as al-Mu'taman, was a mathematician, and also one of the kings of the Taifa of Za ...
(11th century), mathematician * Abu Yusuf (735–798), Islamic scholar * Ibn Yunus (c. 950–1009), mathematician and astronomer


Z

* Zayn al-Din al-Amidi (d. 1312 AD), Islamic scholar and inventor *
Zaynab bint al-Kamal Zaynab bint al-Kamāl (646-740 AH/1248-1339 AD) was a hadith scholar and teacher from Damascus. Her full name was Um Abdullah Zaynab bint Ahmad b. Abdulraheem al-Maqdisiya al-Dimashqiya, but biographers and historians more commonly refer to her u ...
(1248–1339),
Arab woman The roles of women in the Arab world have changed throughout history, as the culture and society in which they live has undergone significant transformations. Historically, as well as presently, the situation of women differs greatly between A ...
scholar *
Zethos Amphion ( ()) and Zethus (; Ζῆθος ''Zēthos'') were, in ancient Greek mythology, the twin sons of Zeus (or Theobus) by Antiope. They are important characters in one of the two founding myths of the city of Thebes, because they constructed ...
(3rd-century), neoplatonist and disciple of Plotinus *
Zakariya al-Qazwini Zakariyya' al-Qazwini ( , ar, أبو يحيى زكرياء بن محمد بن محمود القزويني), also known as Qazvini ( fa, قزوینی), born in Qazvin (Iran) and died 1283, was a Persian cosmographer and geographer of Arab ances ...
(d. 1283), physician, astronomer, geographer, and proto-science fiction writer * Zakariyya al-Ansari (c. 1420–1520), Islamic scholar and mystic * Zayn al-Abidin (659–713), Muslim scholar and Twelver Imam *
Al-Zahrawi Abū al-Qāsim Khalaf ibn al-'Abbās al-Zahrāwī al-Ansari ( ar, أبو القاسم خلف بن العباس الزهراوي;‎ 936–1013), popularly known as al-Zahrawi (), Latinised as Albucasis (from Arabic ''Abū al-Qāsim''), was ...
(936–1013), Islam's greatest medieval
surgeon In modern medicine, a surgeon is a medical professional who performs surgery. Although there are different traditions in different times and places, a modern surgeon usually is also a licensed physician or received the same medical training as ...
, wrote comprehensive medical texts combining Middle-Eastern, Indian and Greco-Roman classical teachings, shaped European surgical procedures until the
Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass ideas ...
, considered the "father of
surgery Surgery ''cheirourgikē'' (composed of χείρ, "hand", and ἔργον, "work"), via la, chirurgiae, meaning "hand work". is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a person to investigate or treat a pat ...
", wrote ''
Al-Tasrif The ''Kitāb al-Taṣrīf'' ( ar, كتاب التصريف لمن عجز عن التأليف, lit=The Arrangement of Medical Knowledge for One Who is Not Able to Compile a Book for Himself), known in English as The Method of Medicine, is a 30-volume ...
'', a thirty-volume collection of medical practice *
Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkār ( ar , أبو عبدالله الزبير بن بكار بن عبد الله بن مصعب بن ثابت بن عبد الله بن الزبير بن العوام, (788-870 CE / 172-256 AH), a descendant of Al-Zubayr ibn al ...
(788–870), historian and genealogist * Al-Zarqali (1028–1087),
mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. History On ...
, influential
astronomer An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, g ...
, and instrument maker, contributed to the famous Tables of Toledo *
Ibn Zuhr Abū Marwān ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Zuhr ( ar, أبو مروان عبد الملك بن زهر), traditionally known by his Latinization of names, Latinized name Avenzoar (; 1094–1162), was an Arab Islamic medicine, physician, surgeon, and poet ...
(1091–1161), prominent
physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...
of the Medieval Islamic period *
Ibn Zafar al Siqilli Hujjat al-Din Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Abi Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Zafar al-Siqilli ( ar, حجة الدين أبو عبد الله محمد بن أبي محمد بن محمد بن ظفر الصقلي, Ḥujjat al-Dīn Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥ ...
(1104–1172), Arab-Sicilian philosopher and polymath


Notes


See also

*
Science in the medieval Islamic world Science in the medieval Islamic world was the science developed and practised during the Islamic Golden Age under the Umayyads of Córdoba, the Abbadids of Seville, the Samanids, the Ziyarids, the Buyids in Persia, the Abbasid Caliphate and ...
*
List of Christian scientists and scholars of the medieval Islamic world This is a list of Christian scientists and scholars from the Muslim World and Spain (Al-Andalus) who lived during medieval Islam up until the beginning of the modern age. Christian converts to Islam are also included. The following Muslim naming a ...
*
List of scientists in medieval Islamic world This is a list of Muslim scientists who have contributed significantly to science and civilization in the Islamic Golden Age (i.e. from the 8th century to the 14th century). Astronomers and astrologers * Ibrahim al-Fazari (d. 777) * Muhammad al ...
*
List of modern Arab scientists and engineers The following is a non-conclusive list of some notable modern Arab scientists and engineers. For medieval Arab scientists and scholars, see List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars A * Ahmed Zewail, Egyptian-American chemist, 1999 Nobel ...
*
List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars The following is a non-comprehensive list of Iranian scientists, engineers, and scholars who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age. For the modern era, see List of contemporary Iranian scientists, scholars, and engineers ...
* List of Turkic scholars *
List of Arabs This is a list of notable Arabs. Public figures Politicians Presidents *Adib Shishakli (born 1909), President of Syria * Houari Boumédiène (1932–1978), second president of Algeria. * Anwar Sadat (1918–1981), third president of Egypt. ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Arab Scientists And Scholars * Scientists and scholars Lists of scientists by nationality * * Medieval Islamic world-related lists People of the medieval Islamic world by ethnicity