The ''Leninsky Komsomol class'' (also

transliterated Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one script to another that involves swapping letters (thus ''trans-'' + '' liter-'') in predictable ways, such as Greek → , Cyrillic → , Greek → the digraph , Armenian → or L ...

as ''Leninskiy Komsomol'' or ''Leninskij Komsomol'' (Russian: ''Ленинский Комсомол класс'') was a class of 25 ocean-going dry cargo ships; tweendeckers with

turbine A turbine ( or ) (from the Greek , ''tyrbē'', or Latin ''turbo'', meaning vortex) is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced by a turbine can be used for generating ...

main engines, built between 1959 and 1968 in the Soviet Union under the designations Projects 567 and 567K. Проект 567, 567К, тип Ленинский комсомол.
/ref> Twenty were built by the

Kherson Shipyard The Kherson Shipyard ( uk, Херсонський суднобудівний завод (ХСЗ)) is a joint stock company located in Kherson, Ukraine at the mouth of the Dnieper River. The shipyard specializes in building merchant ships to include ...

, and five in either the Nikolayev Shipyard, or the Nosenko Shipyard in Nikolayev. They were part of a program to modernize the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

's merchant fleet. Three forms of transliteration of the Russian name are used in English-language sources: * ''Leninsky Komsomol'' – the official registered English name of the first ship of this class, used as the name of the class of as a whole. * ''Leninskiy Komsomol'' – an alternative transliteration sometimes used in press or literature after 1975. It is also the official registered English name of a river vessel built after 1975. * ''Leninskij Komsomol'' – an alternative transliteration. The ''Leninsky Komsomol''-class ships were the first merchant ships of the Soviet Union to have

turbine engines A turbine ( or ) (from the Greek , ''tyrbē'', or Latin ''turbo'', meaning vortex) is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced by a turbine can be used for generating e ...

. They were called "turbo-runners" in news reports and by seamen. The class was named after the

lead ship The lead ship, name ship, or class leader is the first of a series or class of ships all constructed according to the same general design. The term is applicable to naval ships and large civilian vessels. Large ships are very complex and may ...

, the ''Leninsky Komsomol''. This first vessel was laid on 25 September 1957 and was handed over to

Black Sea Shipping Company Black Sea Shipping Company (russian: Черноморское морское пароходство, uk, Чорноморське морське пароплавство) is a Ukrainian shipping company based in Kyiv. The company was established ...

on 23 December 1959. The last ship in the class was named ''Parizhskaya Kommuna'' (Russian: ''Парижская Коммуна'') which was taken into operation on 17 December 1968. This was the third largest class of ship in Black Sea Shipping Company by number of ships in the class. The ''Parizhskaya Kommuna'' was the first Soviet merchant ship with controllable pitch propeller and the largest ship with gas-turbine main engines in the world at the time of her launching. The ''Leninsky Komsomol''-class ships were excellent for transatlantic traffic. Their speed, manoeuvrability and seaworthiness forced foreign experts to pay attention to the design.Морская литература. > Ладин Н.В. Судовые рефрижераторные установки. Стр: 246
/ref> The ships had high

freeboard In sailing and boating, a vessel's freeboard is the distance from the waterline to the upper deck level, measured at the lowest point of sheer where water can enter the boat or ship. In commercial vessels, the latter criterion measured relativ ...

and, because of this, excellent stability and seaworthiness.

Development and operational history

Project 567 was developed at the Central Design Bureau ''Chernomorsudoproekt'' (CDB ChSP) in Nikolayev. The main designers were K. I. Bohonevich, B. K. Sidorov and F. V. Sibir'. Ships of this class were designed for use: # as merchant ships during peacetime; # as " blockade runners" in case of a blockade of friendly states; # as fast troop transports in wartime, after their mobilization, arming and commissioning in the Soviet Navy The ''Leninsky Komsomol''-class cargo ships were a continuation of a tradition already established in Russian and Soviet shipbuilding. Ships built with a dual purpose in

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

dated back to the age of

sailing ship A sailing ship is a sea-going vessel that uses sails mounted on masts to harness the power of wind and propel the vessel. There is a variety of sail plans that propel sailing ships, employing square-rigged or fore-and-aft sails. Some ships ...

s and the

paddle steamer A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine that drives paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. In antiquity, paddle wheelers followed the development of poles, oars and sails, where the first uses we ...

fleet. Russia had been defeated in the

Crimean War The Crimean War, , was fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between Russia and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and Piedmont-Sardinia. Geopolitical causes of the war included the ...

of 1853–1856, and the terms of the resulting

Treaty of Paris Treaty of Paris may refer to one of many treaties signed in Paris, France: Treaties 1200s and 1300s * Treaty of Paris (1229), which ended the Albigensian Crusade * Treaty of Paris (1259), between Henry III of England and Louis IX of France * Trea ...

prohibited Russia from maintaining a naval force in the

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Rom ...

. This led to the practice of building merchant ships with extra strength and speed that operated under the flags of the Russian Steam Navigation and Trading Company (ROPIT), the Voluntary Fleet (Dobroflot), and other shipping companies of the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

during peacetime. These vessels could be quickly mobilised for military duty in wartime, with 200 merchant ships mobilised for service with the Imperial Russian Navy after the outbreak of the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

in just the Black Sea.Морской транспорт СССР. К 60-летию отрасли. / Малахов Н. Н., Вайнер Б. А. и др. / Под ред. Т. Б. Гуженко. — М., Транспорт, 1984 г. — C. 118. During the Soviet period shipbuilders built several types of high-speed (for that time) ocean-going cargo ships with dual-purpose-use. The ''Leninsky Komsomol'' class had a deadweight of 16 thousand tons, with six holds and six tweendecks, with cabins for one or two crewmembers each. They were built in Nikolayev and Kherson. A

ship class A ship class is a group of ships of a similar design. This is distinct from a ship type, which might reflect a similarity of tonnage or intended use. For example, is a nuclear aircraft carrier (ship type) of the (ship class). In the course ...

is often called by the name of the first ship of the class to be launched or delivered. In this instance the first ship was named ''Leninsky Komsomol''. This was most likely due to the influence of the

KGB The KGB (russian: links=no, lit=Committee for State Security, Комитет государственной безопасности (КГБ), a=ru-KGB.ogg, p=kəmʲɪˈtʲet ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)əj bʲɪzɐˈpasnəsʲtʲɪ, Komitet gosud ...

, which had a strong interest in building such ships and was led consistently by former Komsomol leaders, such as

Alexander Shelepin Alexander Nikolayevich Shelepin (; 18 August 1918 – 24 October 1994) was a Soviet politician and security and intelligence officer. A long-time member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, he served as First Depu ...

and

Vladimir Semichastny Vladimir Yefimovich Semichastny (russian: Влади́мир Ефи́мович Семича́стный, January 15, 1924 – January 12, 2001) was a Soviet politician, who served as Chairman of the KGB from November 1961 to May 1967. A pro ...

. The phenomenon of former Komsomol workers working in the KGB was termed , and included Vladimir Semichastny, and others. The ''Leninsky Komsomol'' class demonstrated the expertise of the Soviet Black Sea shipbuilders and the increased level of the Soviet shipbuilding industry. All of the class were initially operated by the

, homeported in Odessa. By the early 1980s the Black Sea Shipping Company included 270 ocean-going ships, and was ranked as the world's largest shipping company by number of vessels, due to the construction of ships in the 1960s and 1970s. Three ''Leninsky Komsomol class'' cargo ships were transferred to the Soviet Navy in 1985–1986 for use as large dry-cargo transports: * ''Ravenstvo'' was transferred in 1985. * ''Akademik Szymanskiy'' and ''Leninsky Pioner'' were transferred in 1986.

Use in military transportation

''Leninsky Komsomol''-class ships were used as a " blockade runners" during "

Operation Anadyr Operation Anadyr (russian: Анадырь) was the code name used by the Soviet Union for its Cold War secret operation in 1962 of deploying ballistic missiles, medium-range bombers, and a division of mechanized infantry to Cuba to create an ar ...

", the Soviet effort to break the Cuba blockade during the Cuban Missile Crisis. 57 ships of the Black Sea Shipping Company were involved in breaking the blockade. An additional 34 vessels from Baltic Shipping Company, the

Murmansk Shipping Company Murmansk Shipping Company (russian: Мурманское морское пароходство), often abbreviated as MSCO, is a Russian shipping company based in Murmansk (hence the name). One of the primary shipping companies operating in Ar ...

, the Latvian Shipping Company and the Far Eastern Shipping Company also participated. ''Leninsky Komsomol''-class ships were later used to carry military cargo to

Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...

and other countries in conflict zones during the Cold War. During the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, eight Soviet ''Leninsky Komsomol''-class ships carried military cargoes to Syria and Egypt in October and early November 1973: # ''Leninsky Komsomol'' - arrived in Alexandria on 28 October 1973. # ''Fizik Kurchatov'' - visited Alexandria twice and Latakia once. # ''Bratstvo'' - arrived in Latakia on 20 October 1973. # ''Khimik Zelinskiy'' # ''Krasnyy Oktyabr'' # ''Leninsky Pioner'' # ''Yunyi Leninets'' # ''Parizhskaya Kommuna'' Other classes of merchant ship carried military cargoes to Syria and Egypt during this period, but more ''Leninsky Komsomol''-class ships were involved in these operations than any other class of Soviet merchant ship.

Design

Project 567 was developed at the Central Design Bureau ''Chernomorsudoproekt'' (CDB ChSP) in Nikolayev.
Major designers: * K. I. Bohonevich (until 1956) * B. K. Sidorov (1956–1961) * F. V. Sibir' (from 1961) A total of 25 ships were built. Twenty of the ships were built at the

and a further five at the Nikolayev Shipyard, or the Nosenko Shipyard in Nikolayev under the Soviet merchant fleet modernization program. The first ship was laid down in 1957 and was completed and handed over in December 1959. The last ship was completed and handed over in 1968. Outwardly the ''Leninsky Komsomol''-class resembled the US Mariner class, with their cargo derricks and their superstructure divided into three structures (a long

forecastle The forecastle ( ; contracted as fo'c'sle or fo'c's'le) is the upper deck of a sailing ship forward of the foremast, or, historically, the forward part of a ship with the sailors' living quarters. Related to the latter meaning is the phrase " be ...

, central accommodation structure, and

aftcastle An aftercastle (or sometimes aftcastle) is the stern structure behind the mizzenmast and above the transom on large sailing ships, such as carracks, caravels, galleon Galleons were large, multi-decked sailing ships first used as arm ...

), the engine room in the centre, a sloping bow, and a cruiser stern. The ''Leninsky Komsomol''-class ships were roughly the same length as the American vessels, but were less broad beamed. The ships were classed as multipurpose tweendeckers and as dry cargo freighters. All were powered by steam-turbines, with the exception of the gas-turbine-powered SS ''Parizhskaya Communa''. They had two decks in the tweendecker style, and their superstructure in three blocks. Their general purpose was the carriage of general and grain cargoes.

Specifications

The ships of the class were between and long, with a beam of between and . Their moulded depth amidships varied between and , and their draught from approximately and . The dimensions and tonnage of each ship varied slightly from her sisters, but shape of the hull and the proportions were the same. A new and improved hull design was developed for the ''Leninsky Komsomol'' class. The design proved successful and was used in the construction of later classes of Soviet merchant ships. including those of the ''Slavyansk'' and ''Kapitany'' classes. Some variations in the later designs included the placing of the superstructure closer to the stern, and reducing the number of hold compartments to five larger ones. The design was continually refined and improved as the ships were being built, using lessons learned from preceding ships. The cargo booms used on the earlier ships were replaced with brand new Soviet-made cargo cranes on those built after 1961. But generally the overall design remained the same. Soviet Union vessel Metallurg Anosov on the Cuba

Soviet Union vessel Metallurg Anosov on the Cuba

Engines for all ships in the ''Leninsky Komsomol'' series were made at the

Kirov Plant The Kirov Plant, Kirov Factory or Leningrad Kirov Plant (LKZ) ( rus, Кировский завод, Kirovskiy zavod) is a major Russian mechanical engineering and agricultural machinery manufacturing plant in St. Petersburg, Russia. It was esta ...

Leningrad Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

and installed at the Kherson and Nikolayev shipyards. All, with the exception of the last to be built, ''Parizhskaya Kommuna'', were equipped with a "ТС-1" steam turbine turbo gear unit consisting of a double-case turbine and gears fed by two fuel oil boilers with capacity of 25 tons of steam per hour at a pressure of 42 atmospheres and a temperature of 470 °C.

Turbine A turbine ( or ) (from the Greek , ''tyrbē'', or Latin ''turbo'', meaning vortex) is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced by a turbine can be used for generating ...

power was 13 000 hp, giving 1000 rpm at full speed. The

gearbox Propulsion transmission is the mode of transmitting and controlling propulsion power of a machine. The term ''transmission'' properly refers to the whole drivetrain, including clutch, gearbox, prop shaft (for rear-wheel drive vehicles), differe ...

lowered this to 100 rpm in the transition to a single four-bladed bronze propeller with a diameter of 6.3 m. The processes managing the boilers and turbine were automated. The ''Parizhskaya Communa'', completed in 1968, was equipped with a "ГТУ-20" gas turbine from the Kirov Plant.This provided 13,000 hp and allowed ''Parizhskaya Communa'' to reach a speed of 19 knots. At that time she was the largest merchant freighter with gas turbine engine in the world. Generally the power output for ships of the class was between 13000 and 14300 hp. ''Leninsky Komsomol'' attained a speed of 18.2 knots.Фотографии города Херсон > Главная > Херсонцы, предприятия, организации > Корабли Херсонского судозавода > Сухогрузное судно "Ленинский комсомол"
/ref> The maximum speed of other ships in the class while carrying cargo was 19.2 knots, rising to 20.4 knots when sailing in ballast. This made the ''Leninsky Komsomol'' ships faster than most contemporary merchant ships. They had a cruising range of some 12,000 miles. There were frequent turbine breakdowns while sailing at high speed. If one turbine blade was damaged while at full speed the ship lurched with such force that people on the deck fell and people working at height risked falling and being injured. The heightened fuel consumption at high speed in the face of rising fuel prices made the operation of the ship too expensive. Careful attention was paid to the different speed gradations used in service: * Maximum speed – the speed recorded on tests after delivery into service, which a ship could reach in case of emergency (such as escaping pursuit; or arriving at a destination port on schedule); * Operational speed – the speed at which the ship's engines did not receive damage; * Economic speed – speed that is profitable from an economic point of view and taking into account the prevention of damage to the engine room.

Cargo operations

The ''Leninsky Komsomol''-class ships had six cargo holds, providing a total

bale capacity Ship measurements consist of a multitude of terms and definitions specifically related to ships and measuring or defining their characteristics. Definitions Beam - A measure of the width of the ship. There are two types: :Beam, Overall (BOA), co ...

of 19,925m³ and a bulk capacity of 23,355m³. Four of the class, including the ''Metallurg Anosov'', were specially equipped for the transportation of troops and weapons, including long-range missiles. The ''Metallurg Anosov''s length overall was 9.1 m longer than the ''Leninsky Komsomol'', the first ship in the class. The beam, moulded depth and size of cargo hatches were also increased. The ''Leninsky Komsomol''-class ships were equipped with either cargo

derrick A derrick is a lifting device composed at minimum of one guyed mast, as in a gin pole, which may be articulated over a load by adjusting its guys. Most derricks have at least two components, either a guyed mast or self-supporting tower, and ...

s, used on the first four ships built, or cargo cranes, used on every ''Leninsky Komsomol''-class ship built from 1961 onwards. The first configuration used was for a ship equipped with cargo booms (cargo derricks) and two heavy-lift derricks: * 16 cargo derricks lifting 5.0 metric tons. Holds No.1 and No.6 were serviced by two derricks each, the other holds by four derricks each. Holds number 3 and 4 had two derricks lifting 5 metric tons and two derricks lifting 10 metric tons . The other four cargo derricks lifted 10.0 metric tons each. * The automated derricks were equipped with winches and managed by one person, which could work with two combined derricks. * Two heavy lift derricks capable of lifting 60.0 metric tons each. These derricks were operated by two people, with two control columns installed on the mast of each derrick. * Five masts: four of them in an inverted v-shaped construction to carry cargo derricks lifting 5 metric tons each, and an additional one on the accommodation superstructure in the center of the vessel. * Two pairs of cargo gear columns carrying cargo derricks lifting 10 metric tons. The second configuration was for cargo cranes and two heavy-lift derricks: * Twelve electric cargo cranes of type "КЭ-26" with a carrying capacity of 5.0 metric tons, two cranes serving each hold. * Two heavy derricks with a capacity of 60.0 tons each. * Three masts: one on the accommodation superstructure in the center of the vessel and two carrying two heavy-lift derricks.

Self-defense

In the event of military mobilization ''Leninsky Komsomol''-class ships could be fitted with anti-aircraft guns installed on rotary mounts in place of the cargo cranes. The comparatively high speed that the ships could attain would have allowed them to outrun some pursuers, or to escape dangerous areas quickly.

Crew

The first vessels had berths for 51 people, including 10 spare beds, though the last vessels to be introduced had berths for 48 persons or fewer. The Soviet shipping companies began reducing the crews of merchant ships in the late 1960s, a process which continued into the 1990s. During the last years of their operation, the ''Leninsky Komsomol''-class ships were crewed by around 35 people, nearly half that had originally been necessary. Cabins were initially for single, double or four-person occupancy, and by the 1970s the four-berth cabins had been converted into double berths. The ships were fitted with Soviet-made air-conditioning.

List of ships

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, align= center , 1201 , align= center , М-22384 , align= center , UQIM , align= center , 5206166 , align= center, 25 September 1957 , align= center, 11 April 1959 , align= center, 23 December 1959 , align= center, Scrapped in 1988 , align= center, Renamed ''Ungur'' (Унгур) on 31 January 1986 , - , align= center , (russian: Металлург Байков) , align= center ,

, align= center , 1202 , align= center , М-22511 , align= center , UWQU , align= center , 5233468 , align= center, 25 March 1958 , align= center, , align= center, 24 July 1960 , align= center, Scrapped in 1985 , align= center, Scrapped in

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, - , align= center , (russian: Металлург Курако) , align= center ,

, align= center , 1203 , align= center , М-22528 , align= center , UERM , align= center , 5233482 , align= center, 18 February 1959 , align= center, , align= center, 2 November 1961 , align= center, Scrapping began on 15 November 1986 , align= center, Sold to Furusawa Kozei Co. Ltd. in 1986. Scrapped at

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, Japan in 1986. , - , align= center , (russian: Юрий Гагарин) , align= center ,

, align= center , 1204 , align= center , М-22552 , align= center , URDO , align= center , 5397111 , align= center, 20 December 1959 , align= center, 22 April 1961 , align= center, 30 June 1961 , align= center, Scrapping began on 2 July 1986 , align= center, Sold to Zuru Maritime Co. Lt., Cayman Islands and renamed ''Yuriy'' (Юрий) in 1986. Scrapped by Sing Cheng Yung Iron & Steel Co. at Kaohsiung, Taiwan in 1986. ShipStamps.co.uk> METALLURG KURAKO.
/ref> , - , align= center , (russian: Металлург Бардин) , align= center ,

, align= center , 1205 , align= center , , align= center , URDP , align= center , 5233470 , align= center, , align= center, , align= center, 17 October 1961 , align= center, Scrapped in 1986 , align= center, Renamed ''Bardin'' (Бардин) on 6 June 1986 (U.K. flag). Scrapped at Kaohsiung in 1986. , - , align= center , (russian: Хирург Вишневский) , align= center ,

, align= center , 1206 , align= center , , align= center , UYOK , align= center , 5186366 , align= center, , align= center, , align= center, 28 December 1961 , align= center, Scrapped in June 1986 , align= center, Renamed ''Khirurg'' (Хирург) in 1986 (unknown flag) and scrapped in Kaohsiung in June 1986. , - , align= center , (russian: Химик Зелинский) , align= center ,

, align= center , 1207 , align= center , М-27523 , align= center , UYOL , align= center , 5186330 , align= center, 30 January 1961 , align= center, , align= center, 8 April 1962 , align= center, Scrapping began on 6 June 1994 , align= center, Trapped by the maritime blockade during the

Iran–Iraq War The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Ba'athist Iraq, Iraq that lasted from September 1980 to August 1988. It began with the Iraqi invasion of Iran and lasted for almost eight years, until the acceptance of United Nations S ...

. Damaged by rocket off

Basra Basra ( ar, ٱلْبَصْرَة, al-Baṣrah) is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab. It had an estimated population of 1.4 million in 2018. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is han ...

on 19 September 1980. Crew sent home and local watchmen hired to guard the ship. Finally decommissioned and abandoned. Renamed ''Dolphin VI'' and scrapped at

Gadani Beach Gadani Beach is a beach on the Arabian Sea located near the Hub River and Cape Monze in Gadani, Hub District, Balochistan, Pakistan. Gadani Beach is the location of Gadani ship-breaking yard Gadani ship-breaking yard is the world's third lar ...

, Pakistan, in 1994. , - , align= center , (russian: Физик Курчатов) , align= center ,

, align= center , 1208 , align= center , М-27551 , align= center , UYOM , align= center , 5404093 , align= center, 20 March 1961 , align= center, , align= center, June 1962 , align= center, Scrapped in August 1986 , align= center, Renamed ''Kurchat'', home flag Gorgetown (Cayman Islands) on 30 April 1986, scrapped at Kaohsiung (China) in August 1986. , - , align= center , (russian: Металлург Аносов) , align= center ,

, align= center , 1209 , align= center , М-27552 , align= center , USMW , align= center , 5233456 , align= center, , align= center, , align= center, 29 September 1962 , align= center, Scrapped in 1986 , align= center, Renamed ''Anosov'' and homeported in George Town, Cayman Islands on 21 March 1986. Decommissioned in May 1986. Scrapped at

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in 1986. , - , align= center , (russian: Красная Пресня) , align= center ,

, align= center , 1210 , align= center , , align= center , UKJA , align= center , 5196426 , align= center, , align= center, , align= center, 16 December 1962 , align= center, Scrapped in 1986 , align= center, Renamed ''Krasnaya'' (unknown flag) in 1986. Scrapped at Kaohsiung in 1986. , - , align= center , (russian: Трансбалт) , align= center ,

, align= center , 1211 , align= center , , align= center , UKER , align= center , 5367283 , align= center, , align= center, , align= center, 29 December 1962 , align= center, Scrapped in 1986 , align= center, Renamed ''Orion'' (unknown flag) in 1986. Scrapped at Kaohsiung in 1986. , - , align= center , (russian: Красный Октябрь) , align= center ,

, align= center , 1212 , align= center , , align= center , ULZB , align= center , 5406338 , align= center, , align= center, , align= center, 23 May 1963 , align= center, Scrapped in 1986 , align= center, Renamed ''Krasnyy'' (unknown flag) in 1986. Scrapped at Kaohsiung in 1986. , - , align= center , (russian: Валентина Терешкова) , align= center ,

, align= center , 1213 , align= center , , align= center , ULZD , align= center , 5425736 , align= center, , align= center, , align= center, 30 June 1963 , align= center, Scrapped in 1989 , align= center, Renamed ''Valentina'' (unknown flag) in 1988. Scrapped in China in 1989. , - , align= center , (russian: Равенство) , align= center ,

, align= center , 1214 , align= center , , align= center , UDWH , align= center , 6401517 , align= center, , align= center, , align= center, 30 June 1963 , align= center, Scrapped c. 1991 , align= center, Sold for scrapping in 1991 , - , align= center , (russian: Братство) , align= center ,

, align= center , 1215 , align= center , М-27595 , align= center , UDXO , align= center , 6405044 , align= center, 20 September 1962 , align= center, , align= center, 29 December 1963 , align= center, Scrapped in 1985 , align= center, Damaged in a collision with the Soviet submarine ''K-53'' in the

Gibraltar Strait The Strait of Gibraltar ( ar, مضيق جبل طارق, Maḍīq Jabal Ṭāriq; es, Estrecho de Gibraltar, Archaic: Pillars of Hercules), also known as the Straits of Gibraltar, is a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Medit ...

s in September 1984. Towed to

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, decommissioned in March 1985 and scrapped in Algeciras in 1985. , - , align= center , (russian: Свобода) , align= center ,

, align= center , 1216 , align= center , , align= center , UEAM , align= center , 6412528 , align= center, , align= center, , align= center, 12 March 1964 , align= center, Scrapped in July 1989 , align= center, Attacked by pirates in the

Malacca Strait The Strait of Malacca is a narrow stretch of water, 500 mi (800 km) long and from 40 to 155 mi (65–250 km) wide, between the Malay Peninsula (Peninsular Malaysia) to the northeast and the Indonesian island of Sumatra to the southwest, connec ...

50 miles from Singapore on 15 January 1987. Pirates boarded at night but the crew neutralized them. Scrapped at Chittagong in July 1989. , - , align= center , (russian: Академик Шиманский) , align= center ,

, align= center , 1217 , align= center , , align= center , UYBV , align= center , 6419485 , align= center, , align= center, , align= center, 27 June 1964 , align= center, , align= center, Transferred to the Soviet Navy's Pacific Fleet and renamed Самара (''Samara'') in 1986. Subsequent fate unknown. , - , align= center , (russian: Кремль) , align= center ,

, align= center , 1218 , align= center , , align= center , UYBW , align= center , 6511154 , align= center, , align= center, , align= center, 28 September 1964 , align= center, Scrapped in 1986 , align= center, Renamed ''Krem'' (unknown flag) in 1986 and scrapped at Kaohsiung in 1986. , - , align= center , (russian: Парижская Коммуна) , align= center ,

, align= center , 1219 , align= center , , align= center , UTKX , align= center , 6612001 , align= center, 25 June 1964 , align= center, December 1965 , align= center, 17 December 1968 , align= center, Scrapped in 1992 , align= center, Renamed ''Pariz'' (unknown flag) in 1991 and scrapped at

Aliağa Aliağa is a town and a district of Izmir Province in the Aegean Region of Turkey. The town is situated at about north of Izmir. Aliağa has a large port, mainly for oil and bulk cargo. Its economic activity is based on tourism, shipbreaking ...

, Turkey in 1992. , - , align= center , (russian: Юный Ленинец) , align= center ,

, align= center , 1220 , align= center , , align= center , UYCG , align= center , 6511116 , align= center, , align= center, , align= center, 30 December 1964 , align= center, Scrapped in 1990 , align= center, Scrapped in Chittagong in 1990. , - , align= center , (russian: Физик Вавилов) , align= center , Nikolayev Shipyard , align= center , 804 , align= center , М-22509 , align= center , UYYU , align= center , 5115769 , align= center, , align= center, , align= center, 1960 , align= center, Scrapped in November 1984 , align= center, Scrapped in Huangpu River in November 1984. , - , align= center , (russian: Физик Лебедев) , align= center , Nikolayev Shipyard , align= center , 805 , align= center , М-22526 , align= center , UYYV , align= center , 5115757 , align= center, , align= center, , align= center, 1960 , align= center, Scrapped in 1991 , align= center, Renamed ''Aragvi'' (unknown flag) in January 1986 and sold for scrap. Departed on last voyage on 26 January 1986. Scrapped in Qian-Jin, China in 1991. , - , align= center , (russian: Фредерик Жолио-Кюри) , align= center , Nikolayev Shipyard , align= center , 806 , align= center , М-22554 , align= center , UQDP , align= center , 5120714 , align= center, , align= center, , align= center, 1961 , align= center, Scrapped in 1989 , align= center, Renamed ''Fred'' and homeported in

, Iraq in 1988. Scrapped at

Alang Alang is a census town in Bhavnagar district in the Indian state of Gujarat. Because it is home to the Alang Ship Breaking Yard, Alang beaches are considered the world's largest ship graveyard. Demographics As of the 2001 Indian census, Al ...

, India in May 1989. , - , align= center , (russian: Ленинский Пионер) , align= center , Nikolayev Shipyard , align= center , 807 , align= center , М-27565 , align= center , ULZW , align= center , 5206178 , align= center, , align= center, , align= center, 1962 , align= center, Scrapped in 1987 , align= center, Transferred to the Soviet Navy in 1986 for use as a large sea-going dry cargo transport and the same year renamed ''Колхида''. Sold for scrap in 1987, name removed from Lloyd's List in 1999. , - , align= center , (russian: Красное Знамя) , align= center , Nikolayev Shipyard , align= center , 808 , align= center , М-27588 , align= center , ULZX , align= center , 6401476 , align= center, , align= center, , align= center, 1963 , align= center, Scrapped in 1986 , align= center, Renamed Krasnое in 1986, homeported in

George Town, Cayman Islands George Town is the capital and largest city in the Cayman Islands, located on Grand Cayman. , the city had a population of 34,921, making it the largest city (by population) of all the British Overseas Territories. George Town is the heart o ...

. Scrapped at Kaohsiung in April 1986. , -

Ship specifications

Significance

P-3A VP-44 over USS Barry (DD-933) and Metallurg Anosov during Cuban Missile Crisis 1962

Michael Yakovich Kozubenko (russian: Козубенко Михаил Якович), a cinematographer working at

Odessa Film Studio Odesa Film Studio ( uk, Одеська кіностудія художніх фільмів) is the Ukrainian, formerly Soviet film studio in Odesa, one of the first in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. It is partially owned by a governmen ...

from 1953 produced the 1959

documentary film A documentary film or documentary is a non-fictional motion-picture intended to "document reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education or maintaining a historical record". Bill Nichols has characterized the documentary in te ...

"''Leninsky Komsomol class'' turbo-runners". The class were held up as examples of the latest in Soviet shipping construction, and used in promotional advertisements in 1963/1964 for the USSR Maritime Transport, depicting the ''Leninsky Komsomol''-class ships built in the shipyards of the

Ukrainian SSR The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респ ...

, and the tanker ''Sofia'', which had been built in a Leningrad shipyard. The ''Leninsky Komsomol''-class ships also received wide coverage in newspaper and magazine articles. The class was a particularly significant milestone in the shipbuilding history of

U.S.S.R. The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

, and

in particular. They were somewhat less so for Nikolayev Shipyard, as only five were built there, and the yard was already well known for the construction of naval vessels. In 2009 the Marshall Islands issued a series of stamps dedicated to the Cuban Missile Crisis. One depicted a ''Leninsky Komsomol''-class ship, described as the ''Metallurg Kurako'', surrounded by warships and patrol aircraft of the US Navy. The depiction is similar to a photograph of the ''Metallurg Anosov'', and it may be that it is the ''Metallurg Anosov'' pictured on this stamp.

Notes

a. All ships were handed over to the

on the date of their completion, with the exception of ''Parishskaya Kommuna'', which was delivered to the company after an extended period of sea trials. b. The dates of the scrapping of ''Leninsky Pioner'' and her removal from

Lloyd's Register Lloyd's Register Group Limited (LR) is a technical and professional services organisation and a maritime classification society, wholly owned by the Lloyd’s Register Foundation, a UK charity dedicated to research and education in science and ...

are different. ''Leninsky Pioner'' was transferred from Black Sea Shipping Company to the Soviet Navy's Black Sea Fleet in 1986. A new container ship also named ''Leninsky Pioner'' was laid down on 23 January 1987. It is not clear which vessel was removed from

Lloyd's List ''Lloyd's List'' is one of the world's oldest continuously running journals, having provided weekly shipping news in London as early as 1734. It was published daily until 2013 (when the final print issue, number 60,850, was published), and is ...

in 1999.

References

{{Operation Anadyr Ships of Black Sea Shipping Company Ships of the Soviet Union Cuba–Soviet Union relations Non-combat military operations involving the Soviet Union Cuban Missile Crisis