Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais
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The Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais ( pt, Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais) is the state legislature of Brazil's
Minas Gerais Minas Gerais () is a state in Southeastern Brazil. It ranks as the second most populous, the third by gross domestic product (GDP), and the fourth largest by area in the country. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte (literally ...
state. It consists of 77
state deputies The federative units of Brazil ( pt, unidades federativas do Brasil) are subnational entities with a certain degree of autonomy (self-government, self-regulation and self-collection) and endowed with their own government and constitution, which ...
elected by
proportional representation Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divis ...
and is based in
Belo Horizonte Belo Horizonte (, ; ) is the sixth-largest city in Brazil, with a population around 2.7 million and with a metropolitan area of 6 million people. It is the 13th-largest city in South America and the 18th-largest in the Americas. The metropol ...
, the state capital. The Assembly has been based at the Palácio da Inconfidência since the building's 1972 opening; it was made a
national heritage site A national heritage site is a heritage site having a value that has been registered by a governmental agency as being of national importance to the cultural heritage or history of that country. Usually such sites are listed in a heritage registe ...
in 2009. Deputies elected in the 2018 Brazilian state elections took office in February 2019 as part of the 19th Legislature. Their terms will end in February 2023. Agostinho Patrus of Brazil's
Green Party A green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as social justice, environmentalism and nonviolence. Greens believe that these issues are inherently related to one another as a foundation ...
is currently the Assembly president.


History

Brazil's 1824 Constitution, the first since claiming independence from Portugal in 1822, began establishing governmental and legislative powers;
Ouro Preto Ouro Preto (, ''Black Gold''), formerly Vila Rica (, ''Rich Village''), is a city in and former capital of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, a former colonial mining town located in the Serra do Espinhaço mountains and designated a World Herita ...
, then the capital of Minas Gerais, was chosen as the province's main administrative hub. It was written to the benefit of wealthy landowners and put native Brazilians, many of them
Indigenous Indigenous may refer to: *Indigenous peoples *Indigenous (ecology), presence in a region as the result of only natural processes, with no human intervention *Indigenous (band), an American blues-rock band *Indigenous (horse), a Hong Kong racehorse ...
or
Black Black is a color which results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without hue, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness. Black and white have o ...
, at a disadvantage, particularly because early laws allowed for
slavery Slavery and enslavement are both the state and the condition of being a slave—someone forbidden to quit one's service for an enslaver, and who is treated by the enslaver as property. Slavery typically involves slaves being made to perf ...
. An 1834 Amendment allowed its provinces, including Minas Gerais, to establish provincial legislation. At the time of the provincial legislature's establishment, Minas Gerais had more enslaved people than any other province in Brazil. In 1889,
Emperor Pedro II Dom PedroII (2 December 1825 – 5 December 1891), nicknamed "the Magnanimous" ( pt, O Magnânimo), was the second and last monarch of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, the seventh child of Empe ...
, the final monarch of the
Empire of Brazil The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and (until 1828) Uruguay. Its government was a representative parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the rule of Emperors Dom Pe ...
, was quietly overthrown by the military, who established the
First Brazilian Republic The First Brazilian Republic, also referred to as the Old Republic ( pt, República Velha ), officially the Republic of the United States of Brazil, refers to the period of Brazilian history from 1889 to 1930. The Old Republic began with the de ...
, formally known as the United States of Brazil. Wealthy men who had previously owned slaves, as well Minas Gerais and
São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaWC a ...
, Brazil's largest and richest provinces, headed the coup d'état and the subsequent creation of a republic. Emperor Pedro II was replaced by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, the first president of the new oligarchy. The Empire's constitution was nullified and the Republic's
federalist The term ''federalist'' describes several political beliefs around the world. It may also refer to the concept of parties, whose members or supporters called themselves ''Federalists''. History Europe federation In Europe, proponents of de ...
constitution replaced it in 1891. Provinces became states and, due to the decentralization of the government and increased state power, began local elections of their own political representatives and legislative bodies. Minas Gerais' first state constitution was also established in 1891 and was used, with amendments added later, until 1989. The constitution created the
bicameral Bicameralism is a type of legislature, one divided into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses, known as a bicameral legislature. Bicameralism is distinguished from unicameralism, in which all members deliberate and vote as a single grou ...
Minas Gerais Congress and consisted of a Chamber of Deputies and a Senate. Oligarchs from
São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaWC a ...
and Minas Gerais took turns as president of the Republic during this period, as they held a significant amount of power in Brazil. Following the
Revolution of 1930 The Revolution of 1930 () was an armed insurrection across Brazil that ended the Old Republic. The revolution replaced incumbent President Washington Luís with defeated presidential candidate and revolutionary leader Getúlio Vargas, concludi ...
, failed presidential candidate
Getúlio Vargas Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician who served as the 14th and 17th president of Brazil, from 1930 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1954. Due to his long and controversial tenure as Brazi ...
was able to take control of the government and shift the country into the New Republic era. This meant the dissolution of state legislatures and state power in the National Congress declined. The constitution did, however, introduce
proportional representation Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divis ...
, which still exists in Brazilian politics today. The 1935 Minas Gerais Constitution revived the state's
unicameral Unicameralism (from ''uni''- "one" + Latin ''camera'' "chamber") is a type of legislature, which consists of one house or assembly, that legislates and votes as one. Unicameral legislatures exist when there is no widely perceived need for multic ...
, 48-person Assembly, albeit with diminished power. In 1937, Vargas seized absolute power and brought the country into Estado Novo, Brazil's first dictatorship. Estado Novo's first constitution was put in place immediately and was inspired by Poland's 1935 authoritarian constitution. This constitution did away with political parties, further decreased state legislative power by making them into "administrative divisions of a unitary state," and ended free elections. In 1945, Vargas was pushed aside and Brazil returned briefly to a democracy. A democratic constitution was introduced and promised full political freedom, reduction of centralized power, and state rights to elect local political representatives. In 1947, the Constituent Assembly of Minas Gerais was revived, this time with 72 deputies. The 1964 military coup plunged the country into another dictatorship, this one lasting for more than 20 years. Institutional Acts were introduced and viewed as superior to the constitution. Again, political rights were oppressed, elections were skewed, state autonomy was limited, and political parties were quashed, which created a heavily controlled
bipartisan Bipartisanship, sometimes referred to as nonpartisanship, is a political situation, usually in the context of a two-party system (especially those of the United States and some other western countries), in which opposing political parties find co ...
government. In 1967, Minas Gerais' weakened Assembly majoritatively consisted of members of
ARENA An arena is a large enclosed platform, often circular or oval-shaped, designed to showcase theatre, musical performances, or sporting events. It is composed of a large open space surrounded on most or all sides by tiered seating for spectators ...
, one of the two political parties allowed under the Acts. In 1984,
civil unrest Civil disorder, also known as civil disturbance, civil unrest, or social unrest is a situation arising from a mass act of civil disobedience (such as a demonstration, riot, strike, or unlawful assembly) in which law enforcement has difficulty m ...
demanding a return to democracy began cropping up around the country. While dissent from Brazilians continued,
José Sarney José Sarney de Araújo Costa (; born José Ribamar Ferreira de Araújo Costa; 24 April 1930) is a Brazilian politician, lawyer, and writer who served as 31st president of Brazil from 1985 to 1990. He briefly served as the 20th vice president of ...
stepped in as president when his platform partner
Tancredo Neves Tancredo de Almeida Neves () (4 March 1910 – 21 April 1985) was a Brazilian politician, lawyer, and entrepreneur. He served as Minister of Justice and Interior Affairs from 1953 to 1954, Prime Minister from 1961 to 1962, Minister of Financ ...
died. Sarney reestablished elections in 1986 to repopulate the National Assembly. A new constitution was passed in 1988 and was the most strongly "democratic Constitution in the history of hecountry." The new constitution restored power to the states, democratic elections, and other freedoms oppressed during the military dictatorship. States could have their own symbols, including flags, and legislative bodies, who could pass state laws. In 1989, the Legislative Assembly was again revived, this time with 77 deputies.


Location

The Assembly was located in
Ouro Preto Ouro Preto (, ''Black Gold''), formerly Vila Rica (, ''Rich Village''), is a city in and former capital of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, a former colonial mining town located in the Serra do Espinhaço mountains and designated a World Herita ...
for the first century or so of its existence in a free Brazil. The Assembly's library was established in 1892 and resided for 5 years in the building now hosting the Federal University of Ouro Preto's pharmacy school. In 1897, as a symbol of progress, the state capital moved from Ouro Preto to Cidade de Minas, now Belo Horizonte. The Assembly moved into a building on Avenida Afonso Pena and its library settled at Praça da República, now known as the Praça Afonso Arinos. They later moved to a building on Rua Tamoios following a 1959 fire before settling in the newly built Palácio da Inconfidência in 1972.


Organization

The Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais (ALMG) is made up of 77 deputies. The number of members is established "correspond ngto triple the representation of the State in the Chamber of Deputies and, when the number 36 is reached, it will be increased by as many Federal Deputies
inus Causality (also referred to as causation, or cause and effect) is influence by which one Event (relativity), event, process, state, or object (''a'' ''cause'') contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an ''eff ...
twelve." Deputies are elected for four-year terms, called legislatures. Each year of the legislature has a single legislative session. The Plenary is the "deliberative body," where state deputies meet to discuss and vote on proposed bills. The plenary is the highest court within the Assembly, with administrative authority over committees, the assembly table, party leaders, and the
cabinet Cabinet or The Cabinet may refer to: Furniture * Cabinetry, a box-shaped piece of furniture with doors and/or drawers * Display cabinet, a piece of furniture with one or more transparent glass sheets or transparent polycarbonate sheets * Filing ...
. Some plenary events are open discussions with the public. Examples of Assembly responsibilities include: *
Budget A budget is a calculation play, usually but not always financial, for a defined period, often one year or a month. A budget may include anticipated sales volumes and revenues, resource quantities including time, costs and expenses, environmenta ...
planning and budget guidelines; *
Government debt A country's gross government debt (also called public debt, or sovereign debt) is the financial liabilities of the government sector. Changes in government debt over time reflect primarily borrowing due to past government deficits. A deficit oc ...
; *
Development plan A development plan sets out a local authority's policies and proposals for land use in their area. The term is usually used in the United Kingdom. A Local Plan is one type of development plan. The development plan guides and shapes day-to-day dec ...
; * Oversight of the effectiveness of Minas Gerais' military policy and the fire brigade; *
Urban planning Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural planning, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, ...
; * Creation and/or withdrawal of
civil service The civil service is a collective term for a sector of government composed mainly of career civil servants hired on professional merit rather than appointed or elected, whose institutional tenure typically survives transitions of political leaders ...
positions; * Organization of the state's Public Ministry and State Attorney Office, Public Defender's Office, Court of Auditors,
military police Military police (MP) are law enforcement agencies connected with, or part of, the military of a state. In wartime operations, the military police may support the main fighting force with force protection, convoy security, screening, rear recon ...
, civil police, and other public administration; * Judicial organization and division * Acquisition and/or disposal of state property * Election of the Board of the Assembly; * Preparation of Internal Regulations; * Provision of support for the Assembly and its functioning, as well as the police; * Issuance of a license to sue a state deputy; * Payment to civil employees; * Swearing-in of state governor and vice-governor * Requesting federal intervention; * Authorization of legal action against and judgement and prosecution of the governor, vice-governor, and/or secretary of state; * Installment of 5 of 7 councillors on the Court of Auditors; * Election of 4 members of the governing council; * Approval of inter-municipal agreements; * Monitor and control the acts of the Executive Power; * Authorization of referendums


Committees

Committees are small groups of deputies working together on a single project or focus; committee foci include public administration, financial and budget inspection, and transportation. Propositions currently under consideration are debated in these sessions. Opinions formed by committee members are powerful; at times, authorities and specialists from the general public are invited to weigh in and offer a different point of view. The 19th Legislature (2019–2023) has 22 permanent committees: * Agriculture and Agroindustry * Constitution and Justice * Consumer and Taxpayer Defense *
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is an international human rights treaty of the United Nations intended to protect the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities. Parties to the convention are required to promote, ...
* Culture * Defense of Women's Rights *
Economic Development In the economics study of the public sector, economic and social development is the process by which the economic well-being and quality of life of a nation, region, local community, or an individual are improved according to targeted goals and o ...
* Education, Science, and Technology *
Environment Environment most often refers to: __NOTOC__ * Natural environment, all living and non-living things occurring naturally * Biophysical environment, the physical and biological factors along with their chemical interactions that affect an organism or ...
and
Sustainable Development Sustainable development is an organizing principle for meeting human development goals while also sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services on which the economy and society depend. The des ...
* Financial and Budgetary Inspection *
Health Health, according to the World Health Organization, is "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity".World Health Organization. (2006)''Constitution of the World Health Organiza ...
*
Human Rights Human rights are Morality, moral principles or Social norm, normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyHuman Rights Retrieved 14 August 2014 for ce ...
* Mines and Energy * Municipal Affairs and
Regionalisation Regionalisation is the tendency to form decentralised regions. Regionalisation or land classification can be observed in various disciplines: *In agriculture, see Agricultural Land Classification. *In biogeography, see Biogeography#Biogeogra ...
* Preventing and Combating the Use of Crack and Other Drugs *
Public Administration Public Administration (a form of governance) or Public Policy and Administration (an academic discipline) is the implementation of public policy, administration of government establishment (public governance), management of non-profit establ ...
*
Public Participation Public participation, also known as citizen participation or patient and public involvement, is the inclusion of the public in the activities of any organization or project. Public participation is similar to but more inclusive than stakeholder en ...
*
Public Security Public security or public safety is the prevention of and protection from events that could endanger the safety and security of the public from significant danger, injury, or property damage. It is often conducted by a state government to ensure ...
*
Redaction Redaction is a form of editing in which multiple sources of texts are combined and altered slightly to make a single document. Often this is a method of collecting a series of writings on a similar theme and creating a definitive and coherent wo ...
* Sport, Leisure, and Youth * Transport, Communication, and Public Works * Work,
Pension A pension (, from Latin ''pensiō'', "payment") is a fund into which a sum of money is added during an employee's employment years and from which payments are drawn to support the person's retirement from work in the form of periodic payments ...
, and Social Assistance


Current legislature


Board of the Assembly

The Board of the Assembly is made up of the following politicians for the 2021–2022 term:


Blocks

Each political party that has at least five deputies forms a group called a bench. A block is a group made up of at least 16 deputies. Blocks must be in place for legislative work to begin. Blocks must be in place for legislative work to begin. Benches and blocks both have a leader and vice-leader, though party representatives with less than 5 members cannot be either. Parties with large numbers of members can form a block but the limit is one per party. As of February 2021, the Assembly has three official blocks: * Minas São Muitas; Independent block - 11 parties, 39 deputies **
Social Democratic Party The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology. Active parties For ...
(7),
Brazilian Democratic Movement The Brazilian Democratic Movement ( pt, Movimento Democrático Brasileiro, MDB) is a Brazilian political party. It is considered a " big tent party" and it is one of the parties with the greatest representation throughout the national territory, ...
(7),
Green Party A green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as social justice, environmentalism and nonviolence. Greens believe that these issues are inherently related to one another as a foundation ...
(6), Social Liberal Party (5), Brazilian Labour Party (3), Republicans (3),
Citizens Citizenship is a "relationship between an individual and a state to which the individual owes allegiance and in turn is entitled to its protection". Each state determines the conditions under which it will recognize persons as its citizens, and ...
(2),
Patriot A patriot is a person with the quality of patriotism. Patriot may also refer to: Political and military groups United States * Patriot (American Revolution), those who supported the cause of independence in the American Revolution * Patriot m ...
(2), emocratic Labour Party (2), Democrats (1),
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party The Brazilian Labour Renewal Party (, PRTB) is a conservative Brazilian political party. It was founded in 1994 and its electoral number is 28. According to the party's official website, the PRTB's main ideology is participatory economics: "to e ...
(1) * Sou Minas Gerais; Government block - 7 parties, 21 deputies **
Brazilian Social Democracy Party The Brazilian Social Democracy Party ( pt, Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira, PSDB), also known as the Brazilian Social Democratic Party or the Party of Brazilian Social Democracy,. is a political party in Brazil Brazil has a multi-pa ...
(6), Avante (3), New Party (3), Social Christian Party (3), Podemos (3),
Solidarity ''Solidarity'' is an awareness of shared interests, objectives, standards, and sympathies creating a psychological sense of unity of groups or classes. It is based on class collaboration.''Merriam Webster'', http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictio ...
(2),
Progressives Progressivism holds that it is possible to improve human societies through political action. As a political movement, progressivism seeks to advance the human condition through social reform based on purported advancements in science, techno ...
(1) * Democracia e Luta: Opposition block - 7 parties, 17 deputies ** Workers' Party (9),
Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. __TOC__ Active liberal parties This is a li ...
(2),
Brazilian Socialist Party The Brazilian Socialist Party ( pt-BR, Partido Socialista Brasileiro, PSB) is a political party in Brazil. It was founded in 1947, before being abolished by the military regime in 1965 and re-organised in 1989 after the re-democratisation of Bra ...
(2),
Communist Party of Brazil The Communist Party of Brazil ( pt-BR, Partido Comunista do Brasil, PCdoB) is a political party in Brazil. The PCdoB officially adheres to Marxist–Leninist theory. It has national reach and deep penetration in the trade union and student m ...
(1),
Republican Party of the Social Order The Republican Party of the Social Order (Portuguese: ''Partido Republicano da Ordem Social'', ''PROS'') is a political party in Brazil, founded in 2010, and officially recognized in 2013.Socialism and Liberty Party The Socialism and Liberty Party ( pt-BR, Partido Socialismo e Liberdade , PSOL ) is a left-wing political party in Brazil. The party describes itself as socialist and democratic. The party leader is Juliano Medeiros and the federal deputies I ...
(1),
Sustainability Network The Sustainability Network ( pt, Rede Sustentabilidade, REDE) is an environmentalist Brazilian political party founded in 2013 by Marina Silva, a Brazilian politician from Acre. The party formed a strategic alliance with the Brazilian Socialist ...
(1)


Notable members

*
Rondon Pacheco Rondon Pacheco (31 July 1919 – 4 July 2016) was a Brazilian politician. He served as Chief of Staff of Brazil to President Artur da Costa e Silva, from 1967 to 1969 during the Brazilian military government. In 1971, Pacheco was appointed Gove ...
(1919–2016), 1947–1951 * Aécio Ferreira da Cunha (1927–2010), 1954–1987 * Aureliano Chaves (1929–2003), 1959–1985 * Bonifácio José Tamm de Andrada (1930–2021), 1959–1965, 1966–1975, 1979–2019 *
Hélio Garcia Hélio de Carvalho Garcia (March 16, 1931 – June 6, 2016) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician. He served as Governor of Minas Gerais, governor of Minas Gerais from 1984 to 1987 and again from 1991 until 1995. Biography Garcia was born in Sa ...
(1931–2016), 1963–1967 * Sandra Meira Starling (1944–2021), 1987–1991 * Nilmário Miranda (1947– ), 1991–2018 * Ivair Nogueira do Pinho (1951–2021), 1995–1999, 2001–2019 * Pedro Ivo Ferreira Caminhas (1952–2021), 2001–2011 * Luiz Humberto Carneiro (1953–2021), 2003–2021 *
João Leite da Silva Neto João is the Portuguese language, Portuguese equivalent of the given name John (given name), John. The diminutive is Joãozinho (disambiguation), Joãozinho and the Feminine (grammar), feminine is Joana. It is widespread in Portuguese-speaking c ...
(1955– ), 1995–present * Zezé Perrella (1956– ), 2007–2010 * Eros Biondini (1971– ), 2007–2011 * George Hilton (1971– ), 1999–2007 * Leonardo Fernandes Moreira (1974–2020), 2003–2011 *
Áurea Carolina Áurea Carolina de Freitas e Silva (born 20 November 1983) is a Brazilian politician, political scientist and sociologist. Although born in Pará, she has spent her political career representing Minas Gerais, having served as federal deputy repre ...
(1983– ), 2018–


External links


Official website


References

{{Legislatures of Brazil
Minas Gerais Minas Gerais () is a state in Southeastern Brazil. It ranks as the second most populous, the third by gross domestic product (GDP), and the fourth largest by area in the country. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte (literally ...
Minas Gerais Minas Gerais () is a state in Southeastern Brazil. It ranks as the second most populous, the third by gross domestic product (GDP), and the fourth largest by area in the country. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte (literally ...