Kosinj
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Kosinj (
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...
: Denison), also known as Kosinj Valley, is a hilly region in
Perušić Perušić is municipality (''općina'') in Lika-Senj County, Croatia. The municipality has 2,638 inhabitants, while the settlement itself has 852. The municipality is within the mountainous Lika region of central Croatia. The Kosinj valley region ...
municipality,
Lika-Senj County Lika-Senj County (, hr, Ličko-senjska županija) is a Counties of Croatia, county in Croatia that includes most of the Lika region and some northern coastline of the Adriatic near the town of Senj, including the northern part of the Pag (island ...
,
Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...
. It contains three villages: Gornji Kosinj and
Donji Kosinj Donji Kosinj is a village in Kosinj, Perušić municipality, Lika-Senj County, Croatia. It is located Kosinj, Kosinj Valley, near the Lika (river), Lika river. The population is 494 (2011 census). ReferencesIvan Mance: Kosinj izvorište hrvatske ti ...
, which are connected by the Kosinj Bridge on the Lika river, and Bakovac Kosinjski. The population of the villages is 752 according to the 2011 census.


History


Middle Ages

Many Croatian archaeological sites, such as Bočaj, Basarica, Ribnik/grad Kosinj, Pisani kamen, Prespa, Mlakvena Greda etc. state that there was evidence of life in the valley since the Roman era. Many medieval and historical records say that the city Ribnik or Kosinjgrad or Lasch de Kosin, the princes who reigned the year of our Lord mentions Kosinjski first in the year 1071 in the charter of the Croatian king Peter Krešimir IV.


Renaissance

One of the oldest printers in south Slavic, that wrote in Glagolitic breviary, was the first and oldest book known to have been printed on Croatian soil using the
Gutenberg press A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. It marked a dramatic improvement on earlier printing methods in which the c ...
. An incomplete copy is kept in the Library Marciana in
Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400  ...
, and a smaller fragment (six parchment leaves) was discovered in the Vatican Library. A short time after the printing press was invented, founded by the princes
Frankopans The House of Frankopan ( hr, Frankopani, Frankapani, it, Frangipani, hu, Frangepán, la, Frangepanus, Francopanus), was a Croatian noble family, whose members were among the great landowner magnates and high officers of the Kingdom of Croat ...
in the village of Kosinj, the first Croatian printing. It was printed, also for ecclesiastical purposes, and the first Croatian printed book in the year 1483. Kosinj, as a symbol of Croatian culture, has its place in the
Gutenberg Museum The Gutenberg Museum is one of the oldest museums of printing in the world, located opposite the cathedral in the old part of Mainz, Germany. It is named after Johannes Gutenberg, the inventor of printing from movable metal type in Western Euro ...
in
Mainz Mainz () is the capital and largest city of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Mainz is on the left bank of the Rhine, opposite to the place that the Main (river), Main joins the Rhine. Downstream of the confluence, the Rhine flows to the north-we ...
, where the first map of printers contains the name of Kosinj.


Ottoman Era

The Kosinj area remained after the Turks from the end of thirty Vlach families. They are the Krajina authorities have expressed the wish to remain in their homes. Since the end Kosinj remained rather poorly populated, Krajina administration has moved here from the Croatian settlers
Ogulin Ogulin () is a town in north-western Croatia, in Karlovac County. It has a population of 7,389 (2021) (it was 8,216 in 2011), and a total municipal population of 12,251 (2021). Ogulin is known for its historic stone castle, known as Kula, and the ...
and upper
Pokuplje Pokuplje is the name for the Kupa river basin in Croatia. Major settlements are Karlovac, Sisak, Petrinja, Glina and Topusko Topusko is a municipality in Sisak-Moslavina County, Croatia. Topusko is an underdeveloped municipality which is statist ...
. The description of Kosinj by Bishop Glavinić, says that this place is divided into Upper, Middle and Lower Village. In the Upper Kosinj Glavinić is found forty houses of Croatian immigrants from Pokuplje. In the Middle Kosinj, a hundred houses Vlach population, lived in the Lower Kosinj Croats who moved here from Ogulin. In all three Kosinj village was then about 400 Croats and 300 Blaise. The Border writings known as the surnames of immigrants who are late 17th century welcomed to Kosinj. In later development Kosinje Central Village changed its name to Zamost. Thus up to now remained only 2 Kosinje, Lower and Upper. The upper creek is about Bakovac and its compositions with the river Lika, and the lower few kilometers further north along the creek mentioned.


Geography

The area is full of farmland that contains
cattle Cattle (''Bos taurus'') are large, domesticated, cloven-hooved, herbivores. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus ''Bos''. Adult females are referred to as cows and adult mal ...
and
canola Close-up of canola blooms Canola flower Rapeseed oil is one of the oldest known vegetable oils. There are both edible and industrial forms produced from rapeseed, the seed of several cultivars of the plant family Brassicaceae. Historically, i ...
farming. The character of the river
meander A meander is one of a series of regular sinuous curves in the channel of a river or other watercourse. It is produced as a watercourse erodes the sediments of an outer, concave bank ( cut bank) and deposits sediments on an inner, convex bank ...
(which is 78 km from its second-largest underground river in Europe) that winds up his field abyss
Begovac Begovac (known as Begovac Plaščanski until 1991) is a village in the Lika region of Croatia, in the municipality of Saborsko, Karlovac County. History Culture Demographics According to the 2011 census, the village of Begovac has 16 inhabit ...
(in literature known as the Markov gap depth 1725 m) were probably caught the biggest carp in Europe. The Lika river abounds in fish resources, as well as the accumulation lake Kruscica (created in 1971, it is suitable for water sports and swimming in calm waters). The variety of wildlife includes
catfish Catfish (or catfishes; order Siluriformes or Nematognathi) are a diverse group of ray-finned fish. Named for their prominent barbels, which resemble a cat's whiskers, catfish range in size and behavior from the three largest species alive, ...
and
carp Carp are various species of oily freshwater fish from the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia. While carp is consumed in many parts of the world, they are generally considered an invasive species in parts of ...
also:
pike Pike, Pikes or The Pike may refer to: Fish * Blue pike or blue walleye, an extinct color morph of the yellow walleye ''Sander vitreus'' * Ctenoluciidae, the "pike characins", some species of which are commonly known as pikes * ''Esox'', genus of ...
, chub, crvenorepke, white amur,
sunstroke Heat stroke or heatstroke, also known as sun stroke, is a severe heat illness that results in a body temperature greater than , along with red skin, headache, dizziness, and confusion. Sweating is generally present in exertional heatstroke, b ...
, and babushkas. In the Kosinj valley are
caves A cave or cavern is a natural void in the ground, specifically a space large enough for a human to enter. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. The word ''cave'' can refer to smaller openings such as sea ...
and
sinkholes A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer. The term is sometimes used to refer to doline, enclosed depressions that are locally also known as ''vrtače'' and shakeholes, and to openi ...
. There are numerous wells and ponds, wells and springs. As one of the symbols of the dominant Kosinje its appearance imposed Kalic mountain peak (969 m) from which magnificent views of the Zavižan, Krasno, parts of Perusic in Kosinj, and a large part of the valley.


Culture

Denison is the culture and history is certainly the most important place as the first Croatian printing of books, missals Kosinjski, 1483rd year, which was printed in the mobile shop royalty Anz Frankopan. To date, only ten copies preserved and valuable
Glagolitic The Glagolitic script (, , ''glagolitsa'') is the oldest known Slavic alphabet. It is generally agreed to have been created in the 9th century by Saint Cyril, a monk from Thessalonica. He and his brother Saint Methodius were sent by the Byzan ...
books, whose circulation was printed partly on paper and partly on parchment. Kosinj printing otisnula is most likely a significant other Croatian incunabula. There is many churches in the area, such as: *St Antun Church *St Vid Church *St John the Baptist Church *St Anne Church *St Petar i Pavao Church *St Joseph Church There was evidence of seven churches and two monasteries in Kosinj, written in
Glagolitic alphabet The Glagolitic script (, , ''glagolitsa'') is the oldest known Slavic alphabet. It is generally agreed to have been created in the 9th century by Saint Cyril, a monk from Thessalonica. He and his brother Saint Methodius were sent by the Byzan ...
. And today many churches in Kosinj, other than those use and enrich the history and heritage to the miraculous chapel in Zakosnjak. The wall of the church of Sv. Vida has three panels of the Glagolitic summer Lord 1500 and is particularly interesting emblem of Prince Anž (Ivan) VIII Frankapan Brinjski placed upside down above the door. Inside the walls it the church of Sv. John the Baptist (1650) that was fitted with two large square stone urns with
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
inscriptions, and inside the church, there are three large sarcophagus serving as aid treatment or altars. Concrete pedestal of the crucifix of the church cover the stone urns.


References


Sources


Ivan Mance - Kosinj izvorište hrvatske tiskane riječi, Split, 2013.
{{Geographical regions of Croatia Geography of Lika-Senj County Regions of Croatia