Komsomolsk-on-Amur
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Komsomolsk-on-Amur ( rus, Комсомольск-на-Амуре, r=Komsomolsk-na-Amure, p=kəmsɐˈmolʲsk nɐɐˈmurʲə) is a
city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
in
Khabarovsk Krai Khabarovsk Krai ( rus, Хабаровский край, r=Khabarovsky kray, p=xɐˈbarəfskʲɪj kraj) is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia. It is geographically located in the Russian Far East and is a part of the Far Eastern Federal District ...
,
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
, located on the west bank of the
Amur River The Amur (russian: река́ Аму́р, ), or Heilong Jiang (, "Black Dragon River", ), is the world's List of longest rivers, tenth longest river, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Northeast China, Northeastern China (Inne ...
in the
Russian Far East The Russian Far East (russian: Дальний Восток России, r=Dal'niy Vostok Rossii, p=ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ) is a region in Northeast Asia. It is the easternmost part of Russia and the Asian continent; and is admini ...
. It is located on the Baikal-Amur Mainline, northeast of
Khabarovsk Khabarovsk ( rus, Хабaровск, a=Хабаровск.ogg, r=Habárovsk, p=xɐˈbarəfsk) is the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative centre of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia,Law #109 located from the China ...
. Population:


Geography

The city and its suburbs stretch for over along the left bank of the
Amur River The Amur (russian: река́ Аму́р, ), or Heilong Jiang (, "Black Dragon River", ), is the world's List of longest rivers, tenth longest river, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Northeast China, Northeastern China (Inne ...
. The river at this point is up to wide. Lake
Khummi Lake Khummi (), also known as Khomi (Хоми), is a large freshwater lake in Komsomolsky District, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It has an area of and a maximum depth of . The lake is part of the Amur river basin and lies near Komsomolsk-on-Amur, ...
is located southeast of the city.
Google Earth Google Earth is a computer program that renders a 3D computer graphics, 3D representation of Earth based primarily on satellite imagery. The program maps the Earth by superimposition, superimposing satellite images, aerial photography, and geog ...
The distance to
Khabarovsk Khabarovsk ( rus, Хабaровск, a=Хабаровск.ogg, r=Habárovsk, p=xɐˈbarəfsk) is the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative centre of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia,Law #109 located from the China ...
—the
administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
of the krai—is ; to the
Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...
—about . The nearest other major town is
Amursk Amursk (russian: Аму́рск) is a town in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located on the left bank of the Amur River south of Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Population: History It was founded as an urban-type settlement on June 19, 1958, in connecti ...
, about south. It is about east of
Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
, and lies at the eastern end of the BAM Railway.


History

The future site of Komsomolsk-on-Amur was conquered by the
Mongols The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal membe ...
in the 13th century, becoming part of the
Mongol Empire The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous land empire in history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Europe, ...
under the Mongol
Yuan Dynasty The Yuan dynasty (), officially the Great Yuan (; xng, , , literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division. It was established by Kublai, the fifth ...
. It was later held by the Manchus until the area was ceded to the
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
in the treaty of Aigun in 1858. The village of Permskoye () was established on the later site of Komsomolsk in 1860 by migrant peasants from what is now the Perm Krai. The government of the
Russian SFSR The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...
announced in 1931 plans to construct a shipyard on the Amur at the present site of Komsomolsk, with construction beginning in 1932. The town was largely built using volunteer labor from the
Communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
youth organization
Komsomol The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (russian: link=no, Всесоюзный ленинский коммунистический союз молодёжи (ВЛКСМ), ), usually known as Komsomol (; russian: Комсомол, links=n ...
, thus receiving the name Komsomolsk. However, the construction of the town was aided with the use of penal labour from the prison camps situated in the area. The suffix ''on Amur'' was added to differentiate from other towns with the same name. It was granted town status in 1933. By the end of the 1940s, the shipyards along with facilities for other heavy industry had been completed. The city developed into a regional center for industries such as
aircraft manufacturing An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air. It counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines ...
,
metallurgy Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys. Metallurgy encompasses both the sc ...
,
machinery A machine is a physical system using power to apply forces and control movement to perform an action. The term is commonly applied to artificial devices, such as those employing engines or motors, but also to natural biological macromolecule ...
,
oil refining An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into useful products such as gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, asphalt base, fuel oils, heating oil, kerosene, liquefie ...
, and
shipbuilding Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and other floating vessels. It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a shipyard. Shipbuilders, also called shipwrights, follow a specialized occupation that traces its roots to befor ...
. At present, Komsomolsk-on-Amur is the main center for the manufacture of Sukhoi military aircraft and the Sukhoi Superjet airliner. The MiG-15bis and the Lisunov Li-2 were both manufactured in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.


Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Komsomolsk-on-Amur serves as the
administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
of Komsomolsky District, even though it is not a part of it.Resolution #143-pr As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of krai significance of Komsomolsk-na-Amure—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the
districts A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
. As a municipal division, the city of krai significance of Komsomolsk-na-Amure is incorporated as Komsomolsk-na-Amure Urban Okrug.Law #192 The city is administratively divided into 2 okrugs (previously raion), coinciding with the historical parts: Leninsky (Dzemgi) and Central. In the Soviet period, the administrative-territorial division of the city was different from the present. In accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 19 October 1943 were formed Lenin, Stalin and Central areas. Stalinsky district included the territory of Railway Amurstali and residential community. Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR "On the Abolition of the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Khabarovsk Krai" on August 7, 1957 in the district division was abolished, but the decree of March 31, 1972 the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the newly divided the city into two districts - Central and Leninsky.


Layout

Komsomolsk-on-Amur consists of two historical parts: the center, or "city", where the main enterprise - Shipyard, and the Dzemgi - an area that has formed during the construction of an aircraft factory (future KnAAPO). In fact, each of the parts is a separate town, itself a single center in the city. Areas of the city are very different architectural appearance: Center Stalinist buildings dominated the 40-50s (exception - the residential area near the railway station), Dzemgi is built up mainly typical panel apartment blocks. The "sleeping" area Dzemgi is not, as the majority of their residents work in enterprises located here.


Climate

Komsomolsk-on-Amur has a
humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freezing ...
( Köppen ''Dfb''). Temperatures in the area of the city typically change by over over the course of the year, with a daily average of in January, compared to in July.


Economy and infrastructure

Komsomolsk-on-Amur is an important industrial center of Khabarovsk Krai and of the
Russian Far East The Russian Far East (russian: Дальний Восток России, r=Dal'niy Vostok Rossii, p=ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ) is a region in Northeast Asia. It is the easternmost part of Russia and the Asian continent; and is admini ...
.Komsomolsk-on-Amur city
It has a diversified economy where machine building, metallurgy and timber enterprises dominate. The city's most notable company is
Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Plant (KnAAPO or KnAAZ; russian: Комсомольский-на-Амуре авиационный завод); based in Komsomolsk-on-Amur in the Russian Far East, is the largest aircraft-manufacturing company in Rus ...
, Russia's largest aircraft-manufacturing enterprise. It is among Khabarovsk Krai's most successful enterprises, and for years has been the largest taxpayer of the territory. It has manufactured hundreds of civil aircraft and thousands of various-role military aircraft from the first recon aircraft to modern Su- series fighters and light amphibian aeroplanes. The company is hugely important to the city's economy, contributing 45% of all payments into the local budget. Also based in the city is
Amur Shipbuilding Plant OJSC Amur Shipbuilding Plant (russian: Амурский судостроительный завод, ''Amurskiy Sudostroitelnyy Zavod'', and also called the "Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard") is an important shipyard in eastern Russia, based in Kom ...
, an important producer of ships and submarines. The easternmost
GLONASS GLONASS (russian: ГЛОНАСС, label=none, ; rus, links=no, Глобальная навигационная спутниковая система, r=Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema, t=Global Navigation Satellite System) is ...
telemetry and tracking station is located in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Two air bases are located near the city,
Khurba Khurba Airport (also given as Komsomolsk South, Khurba, Uchastok, and Kalinovka) is an air base (also used as an airport (russian: Аэропорт Хурба)) in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia south of Komsomolsk-on-Amur. This medium-sized base ha ...
to the south and
Dzemgi Dzyomgi Airport (russian: Аэропорт Дзёмги) is an air base in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia located northeast of Komsomolsk-na-Amure. Dzyomgi is Komsomolsk-na-Amure's northeast side airport, handling small airliner traffic. The base is ho ...
to the north.
Komsomolsk-on-Amur railway station Komsomolsk-on-Amur railway station is a railway station in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russia. Trains follow from the station in four directions: * In the direction of Khabarovsk - freight and passenger traffic. * In the direction of Tynda ( BAM) - freig ...
is an important
rail junction A junction, in the context of rail transport, is a place at which two or more rail routes converge or diverge. This implies a physical connection between the tracks of the two routes (assuming they are of the same gauge), provided by ''points'' ( ...
of Baikal-Amur Mainline and Komsomolsk-Dezhnyovka railway line. The city is served by the Komsomolsk-on-Amur Airport Public transport includes 5 tram routes, bus and fixed-taxi (
marshrutka ''Marshrutka''Sukhoi Su-57 prototype occurred at the Gagarin Factory. File:Sukhoi Superjet 100 prototype.jpg, Test flight of a Sukhoi Superjet 100 prototype in Komsomolsk-on-Amur File:KnA tram 162.jpg, Tram


Twin towns – sister cities

Komsomolsk-on-Amur is twinned with: * Jiamusi, China (1994) *
Kamo The name Kamo may refer to the following: Places Japan (Note: ''kamo'' ( 鴨), is the common word for ''duck'' in Japanese, but the following names do not necessarily mean ''duck'' and are not necessarily written with that character.) *Kamo, Nii ...
, Japan (1991) *
Weinan Weinan () is a prefecture-level city in the east central Shaanxi province, China. The city lies on the lower section of the Wei River confluence into the Yellow River, about east of the provincial capital Xi'an, and borders the provinces of Shan ...
, China (2016)


Notable residents

*
Alex Chubrevich Alex Chubrevich ( he, אלכס צ'וברביץ, russian: Алексей « Алекс » Чубревич; born July 23, 1986) is an Israeli professional basketball player for Maccabi Haifa B.C., Maccabi Haifa of the Israeli Basketball Premier ...
, Israeli-Russian professional basketball player for Maccabi Haifa of the Israeli Super League. *
Yuliya Chepalova Yulia Anatolyevna Chepalova (russian: Ю́лия Анато́льевна Чепа́лова; born 23 December 1976 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russian SFSR) is a former Russian cross-country skier. Early and current personal life Daughter of a cros ...
, cross-country skier. * Anatoly Dyatlov, deputy chief-engineer of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant *
Yury Gazinsky Yury Aleksandrovich Gazinsky ( rus, Юрий Александрович Газинский, p=ˈjʉrʲɪj ɐlʲɪˈksandrəvʲɪtɕ gɐˈzʲinskʲɪj; born 20 July 1989) is a Russian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder fo ...
, footballer, scorer of the first goal at the
2018 FIFA World Cup The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national Association football, football teams organized by FIFA. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018, after the country was awa ...
, was born in the city *
Alexandra Ivanovskaya Alexandra Ivanovskaya ( Russian: Александра Ивановская) was born in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Soviet Union in 1989. She was crowned "Miss Russia 2005" in Moscow on 22 December. During the beauty pageant, she represented her city, Kha ...
, "Miss Russia 2005" *
Valentina Khetagurova Valentina Semyonovna Khetagurova (russian: Валентина Семёновна Хетагурова; 19141992), was a founder of the Khetagurova movement (Khetagurovite Campaign), a member of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union for the R ...
(1914–1992), founder of the Khetagurovite Campaign *
Pasha Kovalev Pavel "Pasha" Kovalev (russian: Па́вел "Па́ша" Ковалёв) is a Russian professional Latin and ballroom dancer. Kovalev started dancing at the age of eight, and in 2001, moved to the United States with his professional dance par ...
, professional dancer *
Sergei Plotnikov Sergei Sergeyevich Plotnikov (russian: Сергей Сергеевич Плотников; born 3 June 1990) is a Russian professional ice hockey Forward (ice hockey), forward for HC CSKA Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Plotnikov ...
, ice hockey player with Pittsburgh Penguins, NHL * Ivan Shtyl, sprint canoer


See also

*
Komsomolsk-on-Amur road-rail bridge Komsomolsk-on-Amur ( rus, Комсомольск-на-Амуре, r=Komsomolsk-na-Amure, p=kəmsɐˈmolʲsk nɐɐˈmurʲə) is a city in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located on the west bank of the Amur River in the Russian Far East. It is located ...


References


Notes


Sources

* * *


External links


Sports in Komsomolsk-on-AmurFC Smena (Komsomolsk-on-Amur)
{{Authority control Cities and towns in Khabarovsk Krai Cities and towns built in the Soviet Union 1860 establishments in the Russian Empire