Jose "Joe" Bulaon Lingad (; November 24, 1914 – December 16, 1980) was a Filipino lawyer,

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

veteran and politician. He was served as provincial

governor of Pampanga The governor of Pampanga is the local chief executive of the Philippine province of Pampanga Pampanga, officially the Province of Pampanga ( pam, Lalawigan ning Pampanga; tl, Lalawigan ng Pampanga ), is a province in the Central Luzon regi ...

from 1948 to 1951 and

congressman A Member of Congress (MOC) is a person who has been appointed or elected and inducted into an official body called a congress, typically to represent a particular constituency in a legislature. The term member of parliament (MP) is an equivalen ...

from

Pampanga Pampanga, officially the Province of Pampanga ( pam, Lalawigan ning Pampanga; tl, Lalawigan ng Pampanga ), is a province in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines. Lying on the northern shore of Manila Bay, Pampanga is bordered by Tarlac ...

from 1969 to 1972. He also became

commissioner A commissioner (commonly abbreviated as Comm'r) is, in principle, a member of a commission or an individual who has been given a commission (official charge or authority to do something). In practice, the title of commissioner has evolved to in ...

of the Bureau of Internal Revenue and

Bureau of Customs The Bureau of Customs (abbreviated BoC or BOC; fil, Kawanihan ng Adwana) is a Philippine government agency under the Department of Finance. The Bureau of Customs was established on February 6, 1902 by the Insular Government of the Philippin ...

then subsequently

secretary A secretary, administrative professional, administrative assistant, executive assistant, administrative officer, administrative support specialist, clerk, military assistant, management assistant, office secretary, or personal assistant is a ...

of the

Department of Labor and Employment The Department of Labor and Employment ( fil, Kagawaran ng Paggawa at Empleyo}, commonly abbreviated as DOLE) is one of the executive departments of the Philippine government mandated to formulate policies, implement programs and services, a ...

Early life

Jose Bulaon Lingad was born in Lubao,

on November 24, 1914, to Emigdio Lingad y Carlos and Irene Bulaon (from

Arayat, Pampanga Arayat, officially the Municipality of Arayat ( pam, Balen ning Arayat; tl, Bayan ng Arayat), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pampanga in the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 144,875 people. Geogr ...

). Lingad studied in Lubao Elementary School and

Pampanga High School Pampanga National High School (also known as Pampanga High School, or PHS) is a high school in San Fernando, Pampanga, Philippines. It was formerly known as Jose Abad Santos High School. The current main building was completed in 1935, follows S ...

for his primary and secondary education. In college, Lingad took up law at the

University of the Philippines Manila The University of the Philippines Manila (UPM) is a state-funded medical and research university located in Ermita, Manila, Philippines. It is known for being the country's center of excellence in the health sciences, including health profess ...

where he passed the bar exam on December 16, 1940. At age 24, he was elected

councilor A councillor is an elected representative for a local government council in some countries. Canada Due to the control that the provinces have over their municipal governments, terms that councillors serve vary from province to province. Unl ...

of Lubao, making him one of the youngest elected officials in the country.

Career during World War II

After the Japanese invasion of the Philippines in 1941, Lingad joined the armed resistance against the Japanese in

Bataan Bataan (), officially the Province of Bataan ( fil, Lalawigan ng Bataan ), is a province in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines. Its capital is the city of Balanga while Mariveles is the largest town in the province. Occupying the enti ...

. Served as chief of staff under the command of Colonel Edwin Ramsey. He survived the

Bataan Death March The Bataan Death March ( Filipino: ''Martsa ng Kamatayan sa Bataan''; Spanish: ''Marcha de la muerte de Bataán'' ; Kapampangan: ''Martsa ning Kematayan quing Bataan''; Japanese: バターン死の行進, Hepburn: ''Batān Shi no Kōshin'') ...

and later joined the guerrilla movement where he would lead the Pampanga Military District.

Political career

Joe Lingad with Diosdado Macapagal and Pres

Early career

In the 1947 general elections, Lingad was elected governor of Pampanga as a member of the

Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. __TOC__ Active liberal parties This is a li ...

at the age of 33. He also became vice-president of the League of Governors of the Philippines. Seated as governor in 1948, Lingad served a single term, being defeated to Rafael Lazatin for re-election in 1951 due to the fall-out from the Maliwalu massacre in Bacolor. Had Lingad stayed on as governor though, he would have been appointed by President

Elpidio Quirino Elpidio Rivera Quirino (born Elpidio Quirino y Rivera; ; November 16, 1890 – February 29, 1956) was a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the sixth president of the Philippines from 1948 to 1953. A lawyer by profession, Quirino ente ...

to lead as the Undersecretary of Department of National Defense due to his stellar accomplishments at the time. After his term as governor, Lingad was still recognized as the political kingpin of

. And during the elections of 1949, Lingad nominated

Diosdado Macapagal Diosdado Pangan Macapagal Sr. (; September 28, 1910 – April 21, 1997) was a Filipino lawyer, poet and politician who served as the ninth president of the Philippines, serving from 1961 to 1965, and the sixth vice president, serving from 1 ...

, who was then serving as second secretary of the Philippine embassy in Washington, D.C. to run for the first Congressional district of Pampanga. With the help and guidance of governor Lingad, Diosdado Macapagal would start his political career that would make him president of the Philippines one day. As they were childhood friends in the town of Lubao, Pampanga.

Cabinet official

When his

Protégé Mentorship is the influence, guidance, or direction given by a mentor. A mentor is someone who teaches or gives help and advice to a less experienced and often younger person. In an organizational setting, a mentor influences the personal and p ...

was elected

president President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...

in 1961, Lingad joined the Macapagal administration, first as Commissioner of Bureau of Internal Revenue, then Commissioner of Bureau of Customs and, ultimately

Secretary of Labor The United States Secretary of Labor is a member of the Cabinet of the United States, and as the head of the United States Department of Labor, controls the department, and enforces and suggests laws involving unions, the workplace, and all o ...

Congressional career

In 1969, Lingad was elected to the House of Representatives under the Liberal Party banner representing the 1st District of Pampanga, the same seat Macapagal had won 20 years earlier. Lingad served in the 7th Congress from 1969 to 1972. Previously perceived as holding right-wing political views, Lingad shifted to the left while in Congress, supporting farmers' rights and dialogue with the leftist insurgency. Lingad's congressional career was abbreviated with the abolition of Congress following the declaration of martial law by Marcos in 1972. Lingad, a member of the political opposition against Marcos, was among the first political figures to be arrested and imprisoned on the day martial law was declared.

1980 Pampanga gubernatorial election

Lingad was released from prison after three months and he retired to his Pampanga farm. He was called out of retirement by the opposition leader

Benigno Aquino Jr. Benigno "Ninoy" Simeon Aquino Jr., (; November 27, 1932 – August 21, 1983) was a Filipino politician who served as a senator of the Philippines (1967–1972) and governor of the province of Tarlac. Aquino was the husband of Corazon Aqui ...

, who urged him to run for Pampanga governor in the January 1980 local elections as a candidate of the anti-Marcos opposition. Lingad was defeated by

Estelito Mendoza Estelito "Titong" Patdu Mendoza (born January 5, 1930) is a Filipino lawyer who served as Solicitor General of the Philippines from 1972 to 1986. As Solicitor General, he successfully defended the validity of the 1973 Constitution of the Philipp ...

, but he raised charges of fraud which led to the staging of a new election for governor.

Assassination and legacy

On December 16, 1980, Lingad was shot in a gasoline station at the Brgy. San Agustin in San Fernando while buying a pack of cigarettes. His assassin PC Sgt. Roberto Tabanero, who died in a vehicular accident before being prosecuted, was identified as a member of the

Philippine Constabulary The Philippine Constabulary (PC; tl, Hukbóng Pamayapà ng Pilipinas, ''HPP''; es, Policía de Filipinas, ''PF'') was a gendarmerie-type police force of the Philippines from 1901 to 1991, and the predecessor to the Philippine National Po ...

. National leaders from all sides of the political spectrum attended his wake. On November 25, 1989, Republic Act No. 6780 entitled "An Act of Changing the Name of the Central Luzon General Hospital located in the municipality of San Fernando, province of

, to Jose B. Lingad Memorial Regional Hospital was one of bills signed by then President

Corazon C. Aquino Maria Corazon "Cory" Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino (; ; January 25, 1933 – August 1, 2009) was a Filipina politician who served as the 11th president of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. She was the most prominent figure of the 1986 People ...

. On that day the hospital was formally recognized as Jose B. Lingad Memorial Regional Hospital.

Personal life

Lingad had his first born Sylvia Lingad de Guzman with former partner Consuelo Zita Perez. Later married to Estela Aranita Layug with five children including Emigdio "Emy" Layug Lingad, a former Member of Parliament, Deputy Minister of Finance, congressman for 2nd District of Pampanga from 1987 to 1995 and Teresito "Terry" Layug Lingad, former 3rd term municipal councilor of Lubao. Lingad had 4 children with her former partner, Catalina Canlas Mañgila. Among them are Jacqueline Lingad Ricci, former

San Francisco San Francisco (; Spanish for " Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the fourth most populous in California and 17t ...

commissioner and president of San Francisco Juvenile Probation Commission. His nephew, Josefo Sarmiento Lingad was mayor of Lubao from 1965 to 1968.

Notes

References

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External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Lingad, Joe 1914 births 1980 deaths Assassinated Filipino politicians Deaths by firearm in the Philippines Filipino democracy activists Filipino prisoners and detainees Philippine Army personnel Bataan Death March prisoners Kapampangan people Liberal Party (Philippines) politicians Filipino military personnel of World War II Governors of Pampanga Marcos martial law victims People murdered in the Philippines Individuals honored at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani Lawyers honored at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani Political prisoners Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Pampanga Secretaries of Labor and Employment of the Philippines Commissioners of the Bureau of Customs of the Philippines 20th-century Filipino lawyers University of the Philippines Manila alumni Filipino Roman Catholics Macapagal administration cabinet members Filipino people of World War II