Jiutepec
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Jiutepec is a
city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
and its surrounding
municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
in the
Mexican state The states of Mexico are first-level administrative territorial entities of the country of Mexico, which is officially named Mexico, United Mexican States. There are 32 federal entities in Mexico (31 states and the capital, Mexico City, as a sepa ...
of
Morelos Morelos (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Morelos ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Morelos), is one of the 32 states which comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 36 municipalities and its capital city is Cuer ...
. The name ''Jiutepec'' comes from the
Nahuatl Nahuatl (; ), Aztec, or Mexicano is a language or, by some definitions, a group of languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Varieties of Nahuatl are spoken by about Nahua peoples, most of whom live mainly in Central Mexico and have smaller ...
name ''Xiutepetl'', which means "the precious stones hill". The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name. Over recent decades Jiutepec has merged into neighboring
Cuernavaca Cuernavaca (; nci-IPA, Cuauhnāhuac, kʷawˈnaːwak "near the woods", ) is the capital and largest city of the state of Morelos in Mexico. The city is located around a 90-minute drive south of Mexico City using the Federal Highway 95D. The na ...
so that on its northeasterly edges it forms one geographically contiguous urban area with the latter. The Cuernavaca
metropolitan area A metropolitan area or metro is a region that consists of a densely populated urban agglomeration and its surrounding territories sharing industries, commercial areas, transport network, infrastructures and housing. A metro area usually com ...
not only includes these two municipalities, but also
Temixco Temixco is the fourth-largest city in the Mexican state of Morelos. It stands at in the west-northwest part of the state. The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality, with which it shares a name. The municipality rep ...
,
Emiliano Zapata Emiliano Zapata Salazar (; August 8, 1879 – April 10, 1919) was a Mexican revolutionary. He was a leading figure in the Mexican Revolution of 1910–1920, the main leader of the people's revolution in the Mexican state of Morelos, and the ins ...
,
Xochitepec Xochitepec is a ''municipio (Mexico), municipio'' (Municipalities of Mexico, municipality) of the Mexican state, state of Morelos, in central Mexico. Xochitepec is also the name of its principal township and seat of the municipal government. It is ...
, and
Tepoztlán Tepoztlán () is a town in the central Mexican state of Morelos. It is located at in the heart of the Tepoztlán Valley. The town serves as the seat of government for the municipality of the same name. The town had a population of 14,130 inhabit ...
municipalities, for a total population of 1,027,562 (February, 2018 figure also includes
Huitzilac Huitzilac is a city in the Mexican state of Morelos. It stands at and at an altitude of 2,561 m (8,402 ft) above sea level. The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name. With a 2010 census pop ...
and Tlaltizapán). According to the 2015 census the city of Jiutepec had a population of 153,704 while the municipality reported 214,137 inhabitants. The city and the municipality rank second in population in the state, behind the city and municipality of
Cuernavaca Cuernavaca (; nci-IPA, Cuauhnāhuac, kʷawˈnaːwak "near the woods", ) is the capital and largest city of the state of Morelos in Mexico. The city is located around a 90-minute drive south of Mexico City using the Federal Highway 95D. The na ...
. The municipality has an area of .


History


Prehispanic history

Nauhuatl-speaking people arrived in the state of Morelos in the 12th and 13th centuries, where they formed large, important domains such as "Xiutépetl." In A.D. 1389, Xiutépetl fought a war against Cuauhanauhuac, Tetlama, and Yautepec. In 1425, Aztec emperor Ixcóatl conquered Jiutepec.


Conquest & colonialism

Jiutepec amassed troops to fight
Hernán Cortés Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, 1st Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca (; ; 1485 – December 2, 1547) was a Spanish ''conquistador'' who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of w ...
on April 11, 1521, but they were defeated. Cortes rested for two days in Jiutepec before attacking Cuernavaca on April 13. During the colonial period, Jiutepec came under the jurisdiction of the ''Marquesado del Valle de Oaxaca''. During the colonial period, four haciendas (San Gaspar, Atlacomulco, Dolores, and San Vicente) and several sugar mills were established. In 1807 there was a rebellion against don Vicente Eguía, and his lands were given to the people of Leyva.


Independence & 19th century

After
Mexican War of Independence The Mexican War of Independence ( es, Guerra de Independencia de México, links=no, 16 September 1810 – 27 September 1821) was an armed conflict and political process resulting in Mexico's independence from Spain. It was not a single, co ...
, upon creation of the State of Mexico, Jiutepec became a municipality in the District of Cuernavaca. There were constant conflicts between the haciendas and the peasants over land and water during the 19th century. Hacienda San Vincente put so much pressure on the people of Amatitlan that they had to abandon their town; in 1852 the governor of the State of Mexico seized lands from the people of Jietepec to give to the Hacienda of Atlacomulco.


Revolution & 20th century

Inhabitants of Jiutepec were extensively involved in the
Mexican Revolution The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
of 1910. In 1914 the Hacienda of Atlacomulco served as headquarters for the Army of Liberation during the Siege of Cuernavaca. ''El Texcal'' was the scene of numerous battles. The town of Jiutepec was burned by federal troops in retaliation on May 8, 1916; 225 revolutionaries were summarily judged and shot by (Carrancist) General Rafael Cepeda (''El Democrata'' May 10, 1916; cited in the book ''Zapata y la Revolución Mexicana''. By 1932 land was redistributed in the form of ''ejidos'' (collective farmland). The municipality of Emiliano Zapata broke off Jiutepec on December 15, 1932, and Temixco broke off on March 3, 1933. The town of Progreso was founded in March, 1934, and there is a ''carnaval'' with Chinelos to celebrate. The colonia ''Agrícola Militar de José G. Parres'' was founded by veteran ''Zapatistas'' in the 1930s. Many people of Jiutepec supported peasant leader Rubén Jaramillo in the 1950s and 1960s, and hundreds from Jiutepec attended his funeral in 1962. In 1966 the ''Ciudad Industrial del Valle de Cuernavaca'' (CIVAC) was established. This industrial city was in conflict with the traditions of the municipality with little benefit in return, as the federal government decreed that industries established in the city would be exempt from taxes for thirty years. 4,000 hectares were expropriated from communal land in Tejalpa, without resistance based on promises that still have not been completed.


21st century

Jiutepec suffered considerably during the September 19,
2017 Puebla earthquake The 2017 Puebla earthquake struck at 13:14  CDT (18:14 UTC) on 19 September 2017 with an estimated magnitude of and strong shaking for about 20 seconds. Its epicenter was about south of the city of Puebla, Mexico. The earthquake caused d ...
. Four people died and many buildings, were damaged. Rafael Reyes Reyes of
Juntos Haremos Historia Juntos Haremos Historia () was a Mexican political coalition encompassing the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), Labor Party (PT), and Social Encounter Party (PES), the latter of which was consequently absorbed into the National Regenerati ...
(Together we will make history coalition) was elected Presidente Municipal (mayor) in the election of July 1, 2018. On February 17, 2020, a large, publicly displayed ''manta'' (banner) accused Reyes Reyes of ties to ''Los Linos'' drug cartel. Violence continues to effect Jiutepec. On February 23, 2019, between 15 and 20 armed robbers interrupted a party in ''Jardín Real Quinta Búhos'', robbed the party-goers of their things, and stole at least twelve cars. Delfino Sánchez Zavala, the delegate-elect from Tejalpa, was shot and killed on March 30,
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
. The meeting of the town council planned for Sunday, March 31 was canceled. Rafael Reyes Reyes, Municipal President, announced on May 20,
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
that Jiutepec has a debt of MXN $745,341,125 (US $39.2 million), which is MXN $95 million more than its annual income. The state of Morelos reported 209 cases and 28 deaths due to the
COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico The COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (). The virus was confirmed to have reached Mexico in February 2020. Howe ...
, as of April 27, 2020, 14 cases were reported in Jiutepec. Schools and many businesses were closed from mid March until June 1. On June 2, Jiutepec reported 97 confirmed cases and 18 deaths from the virus; the reopening of the state was pushed back until at least June 13. Despite the fact that Morelos was classified ″Red Semaphore,″ the auto industry was classified ″essential″ and all 2,600 employees at the
Nissan , trade name, trading as Nissan Motor Corporation and often shortened to Nissan, is a Japanese multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automobile manufacturer headquartered in Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan. The company sells ...
plant in Civac returned to work on June 11, 2020. As infections passed 4,000 and deaths 900 in August, Jiutepec did little to prevent the spread of the virus and allowed large weddings wherein guests were not required to use face masks. Jiutepec reported 510 cases, 401 recuperations, and 83 deaths from the virus as of August 31. One thousand, twenty-nine cases were reported on December 27, 2020.


Communities

*''Jiutepec'' is the municipal seat. It has 162,427 inhabitants and is situated at an altitude of 1,355 meters (4,446 ft.) It is 8 km (5 miles) southeast of Cuernavaca and 96.1 km (59.7 miles) south of Mexico City. *''Progreso'' has 14,525 inhabitants and is situated at an altitude of 1,354 meters. It is 4.3 km (2.7 miles) southeast of Jiutepec. *''Independencia'' has 7,282 inhabitants and is situated at an altitude of 1,409 meters (4,623 ft.) It is 7.2 km east of Jiutepec. *''Calera Chica'' has a population of 5,392 and is located at an altitude of 1,318 meters. It is 6.2 km (3.9 miles) south of Jiutepec. *''Cliserio Alanís (San Gaspar)'' has 2,092 inhabitants and is situated at an altitude of 1,307 meters. It is 3.3 km (2.1 miles) southeast of Jiutepec. *''Tejalpa'' is 2.5 km (1.6 miles) north of Jiutepec. *''Tetecoala'' is 5.1 km (3.2 miles) north of the municipal seat.


Noteworthy citizens

* Cliserio Alanís Tapia, Revolutionary general born in San Gaspar. He died ambushed by Carrancista forces on March 12, 1918. *Cuautzinten, ''tlatoani'' of Xiutepec, defeated by Tezcapotzin of Cuauhnáhuac *
Rafael Cuevas Rafael Cuevas Sánchez (born 16 June 1980) is a Mexican retired football goalkeeper. He is currently the goalkeeper coach for Club America's first team under Ricardo LaVolpe. He is known to teammates and fans as "Higuita", due to his resembla ...
Sánchez (b. 1980 in Jiutepec) is a retired football goalkeeper. He is currently the goalkeeper coach for
Club America Club may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Club'' (magazine) * Club, a '' Yie Ar Kung-Fu'' character * Clubs (suit), a suit of playing cards * Club music * "Club", by Kelsea Ballerini from the album '' kelsea'' Brands and enterprise ...
. * Pioquinto Galis, Revolutionary general born in Tlalquitenango. He was one of the ten companions of Zapata in the hacienda of Chinameca. He founded the agricultural colony ''José G. Parres'' and worked the land until he died. *Celestino Carnalla, colonel who joined Zapata in 1911 and retired in 1924. He became a farmer and died July 24, 1938. *Juan Francisco Miranda (June 20, 1720 in Atlacomulco-1759 in Rome),
Jesuit , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders ...
writer * Benito Pichardo, colonel who was born in Jiutepec and was Zapata's courier. * Estanislao Tapia Chávez, (May 7, 1901 – March 9, 1998). He served during the
Mexican Revolution The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
under the orders of Próculo Capistrán, participated in the first uprising of
Rubén Jaramillo Rubén Jaramillo Méndez (1900 – May 23, 1962) was a Mexican military and political leader of ''campesino'' origin who participated in the Mexican Revolution. After the Revolution, he continued to fight for the land reform promised under the Me ...
in 1949, and was a founding member of the ''Coordinadora Nacional Plan Ayala''. In 1982 he was a candidate for governor for the ''Partido Socialista Unificado de México'' ( PSUM). In August 1994, he traveled to the jungle of Chiapas to meet
Subcomandante Marcos Rafael Sebastián Guillén Vicente (born 19 June 1957) is a Mexican insurgent, the former military leader and spokesman for the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) in the ongoing Chiapas conflict,Pasztor, S. B. (2004). Marcos, Subcomand ...
and give him a copy of the
Plan de Ayala The Plan of Ayala (Spanish: ''Plan de Ayala'') was a document drafted by revolutionary leader Emiliano Zapata during the Mexican Revolution. In it, Zapata denounced President Francisco I. Madero, Francisco Madero for his perceived betrayal of th ...
.


Points of interest

''El Texcal'' water park features water slides, swimming pools, diving pool, locker rooms, parking, restaurant, guided visits to the ecological zone, and mountain biking route. Opened in 1992 and located in Tejalpa along the Cuernavaca-Cuautla highway. ''Balnario Ejidal Las Fuentes'' is a small water park with swimming pools and water slides located not far from downtown Jiutepec, Paseo de las Fuentes s/n, Pedregal de Las Fuentes. The Mexican colonial period glows in an old 16th-century sugar hacienda, founded by Hernán Cortés in 1530. Known as ''San Antonio Atlacomulco'', or ''Ex-Hacienda de Cortes'' this architectural piece of art is an example of the era of the conquest, its legends engraved in its great dry-stone walls and its historic past enveloped in lush vegetation and crystal-clear running water. Today it is a hotel/restaurant/spa located in Colonia Atlacomulco. ''Hacienda San Gaspar'' was built by Martín Cortés, son of the conqueror, in the 16th century. Today it hosts special events such as weddings. The chapel is open to the public for religious services. There is also an 18-hole, 7,000-yard golf course designed by Joe Finger
golf club
The church of Santiago Apóstol is located in downtown Jiutepec. It is a former 16th-century Franciscan Convent with an 18th-century Baroque ''retable'' (altar) that was restored in 1998. There are also frescos on the walls of the cloister and a painting of ''Cristo Negro'' (Black Christ) from the 18th century. Santiago's festival is July 25. Colonial churches dedicated to ''San Miguel, San Pedro'', and the Assumption can be found in Tejalpa. There is a festival on August 15. Camino Real Sumiya is a hotel/restaurant styled after a Japanese tea house. It has a Zen garden and a Kabuki theater that is a replica of the one in Kyoto. The hotel was originally the home of
Barbara Hutton Barbara Woolworth Hutton (November 14, 1912 – May 11, 1979) was an American debutante, socialite, heiress, and philanthropist. She was dubbed the "Poor Little Rich Girl"—first when she was given a lavish and expensive debutante ball in 1930 a ...
, the "poor little rich girl" who inherited the Woolworth five-and-dime fortun
web page in English
There is a Carnaval on the 4th Friday of January in Jiutepec and another in Tejalpa after Ash Wednesday. In Tejalpa they also celebrate the Feast of St. Luke on October 18 by making an offering in a spring. Visitors are offered free food. Green mole, ''mole de pipían'' and red mole with turkey, green sauce, and ''guajes'' make up traditional foods.


Economy

The most important economic activity is manufacturing. Cementos y Concretos Moctezuma opened its first plant, located in Jiutepec, in 1943. Civac (''Ciudad Industrial de la Valle de Cuernavaca''; Industrial City of the Cuernavaca Valley) was established in 1964. This is the largest and most important industrial park in the state with 120 factories and plants, concentrated in automotive, manufacturing, food, and chemical-pharmaceuticals. Civac also has a residential area. There are 2,500 commercial establishments in the municipality. Agriculture remains important, and there are many nurseries. Flowers are grown commercially and exported; Jiutepec is the largest grower of Poinsettias in the country. There are 60 ceramic shops in the municipality. 88,923 individuals over the age of 12 are economically active, and there are 8,577 economic units (3rd in the state). 48% of these are in involved in commerce, 40% in service, 11% manufacturing (937 units, 18,560 people), and 1% other.


Education

ceieg Diagnostic Municipal 2015 pp 32-34, retrieved Dec 11, 2018
*Initial Education. 36 schools, 551 students *Preschool (K1, K2, K3) 125 schools, 486 teachers, 7,414 students *Elementary School (Primaria, grades 1-6). 116 schools, 1,169 teachers, 22,163 students *Middle School (Secundaria, grades 7-9). 45 schools, 747 teachers, 11,853 students *High School (Preparatoria or Bachellarto, grades 10-12). 4 public schools (morning and afternoon) and 7 private schools.


Universities

* Universidad Continental Justo Sierra (UNICON), Centro * Centro Educativo de Humanidades (CEDHUM), Colonia José G. Parres * Universidad Fray Luca Paccioli, Campus Azteca Tejalpa * Centro Universitario Aztlan, Colonia Apatlaco * La Universidad Politécnica del Estado de Moreloshttps://universidadesdemexico.mx/universidades/universidad-politecnica-del-estado-de-morelos/carreras-universitarias Dec 11, 2018


See also

*
List of people from Morelos, Mexico The following are people who were born, raised, or who gained significant prominence for living in the Mexican state of Morelos: ''This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by exp ...


References


External links


E-municipiosEnciclopedia de los Municipios de México, Morelos

Hotel Hacienda de Cortes web page in English

ceig Diagnostico Municipal 2015 pp 27-32, retrieved Dec 11, 2018

Prepas Jiutepec Dec 11, 2018


{{Authority control Municipalities of Morelos Populated places in Morelos Nahua settlements