Heinrich Landesmann (9 August 1821,

Nikolsburg Mikulov (; german: Nikolsburg; yi, ניקאלשבורג, ''Nikolshburg'') is a town in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 7,400 inhabitants. The historic centre of Mikulov is well preserved and i ...

– 4 December 1902, Brno), more commonly known by his pseudonym, Hieronymus Lorm, was an Austrian

poet A poet is a person who studies and creates poetry. Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others. A poet may simply be the creator ( thinker, songwriter, writer, or author) who creates (composes) poems ( oral or wri ...

and philosophical writer. From his earliest childhood he was very sickly; at the age of fifteen his

sight Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment through photopic vision (daytime vision), color vision, scotopic vision (night vision), and mesopic vision (twilight vision), using light in the visible spectrum reflecte ...

and

hearing Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sounds through an organ, such as an ear, by detecting vibrations as periodic changes in the pressure of a surrounding medium. The academic field concerned with hearing is audit ...

were almost completely destroyed; and later in life he became totally blind. He developed the Lorm alphabet, a form of

tactile signing Tactile signing is a common means of communication used by people with deafblindness. It is based on a sign language or another system of manual communication. "Tactile signing" refers to the mode or medium, i.e. signing (using some form of sign ...

named after him. When he was sixteen years old he contributed a number of

poem Poetry (derived from the Greek ''poiesis'', "making"), also called verse, is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language − such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre − to evoke meanings in ...

s to various

periodical A periodical literature (also called a periodical publication or simply a periodical) is a published work that appears in a new edition on a regular schedule. The most familiar example is a newspaper, but a magazine or a journal are also example ...

s. In 1843 he completed his first important literary production, ''Abdul'', the Mohammedan

Faust Faust is the protagonist of a classic German legend based on the historical Johann Georg Faust ( 1480–1540). The erudite Faust is highly successful yet dissatisfied with his life, which leads him to make a pact with the Devil at a crossroa ...

legend A legend is a genre of folklore that consists of a narrative featuring human actions, believed or perceived, both by teller and listeners, to have taken place in human history. Narratives in this genre may demonstrate human values, and possess ...

, in five

canto The canto () is a principal form of division in medieval and modern long poetry. Etymology and equivalent terms The word ''canto'' is derived from the Italian word for "song" or "singing", which comes from the Latin ''cantus'', "song", from the ...

s (2nd ed. Berlin, 1852). His ''Wien's Poetische Schwingen und Federn'' (

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

, 1847) manifested critical acumen, but also a tinge of political acerbity in its attack on the censor system of the Austrian chancellor Prince

Metternich Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar, Prince of Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein ; german: Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar Fürst von Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein (15 May 1773 – 11 June 1859), known as Klemens von Metternich or Prince Metternic ...

. His friends advised Landesmann to leave Vienna, and he went to

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within ci ...

, where he assumed the

pseudonym A pseudonym (; ) or alias () is a fictitious name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true name (orthonym). This also differs from a new name that entirely or legally replaces an individua ...

''Hieronymus Lorm'' in order to secure his family from possible trouble with the Viennese police. In Berlin he became a regular contributor to Kühne's ''Europa.'' After the

revolution of 1848 The Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Springtime of the Peoples or the Springtime of Nations, were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe starting in 1848. It remains the most widespread revolutionary wave in Europe ...

he returned to Vienna, settling in Baden bei Wien in 1853.Landesmann, Heinrich; Ps. Hieronymus Lorm (1821-1902), Schriftsteller und Journalist
" ''Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950'', vol. 4, issue 20 (1969), p. 428-429. In 1856 he married; in 1873 he moved to

Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label= Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth ...

; and in 1892 he settled in Brünn ( Brno). A sister of Landesmann's was the second wife of

Berthold Auerbach Berthold Auerbach (28 February 1812 – 8 February 1882) was a German-Jewish poet and author. He was the founder of the German "tendency novel", in which fiction is used as a means of influencing public opinion on social, political, moral, and r ...

. Landesmann was distinctively a

lyric poet Modern lyric poetry is a formal type of poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in the first person. It is not equivalent to song lyrics, though song lyrics are often in the lyric mode, and it is also ''not'' equi ...

. The peculiar vein of

pessimism Pessimism is a negative mental attitude in which an undesirable outcome is anticipated from a given situation. Pessimists tend to focus on the negatives of life in general. A common question asked to test for pessimism is " Is the glass half emp ...

that runs through both his poetry and his prose writings has won for him the title of the "lyrical

Schopenhauer Arthur Schopenhauer ( , ; 22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher. He is best known for his 1818 work '' The World as Will and Representation'' (expanded in 1844), which characterizes the phenomenal world as the pr ...

Works

His more important works are: * '' Ein Zögling des Jahres 1848''
his first novel (3 vols., Vienna, 1855; 3d ed., 1863, under the title ''

Gabriel Solmar In Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam), Gabriel (); Greek language, Greek: grc, Γαβριήλ, translit=Gabriḗl, label=none; Latin language, Latin: ''Gabriel''; Coptic language, Coptic: cop, Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓⲏⲗ, transli ...

''), in which he treats, among other subjects, of the struggle of the modern

Jew Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""T ...

against the prejudices of his fellow citizens. * ''

Am Kamin AM or Am may refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * A minor, a minor scale in music * ''A.M.'' (Chris Young album) * ''A.M.'' (Wilco album) * ''AM'' (Abraham Mateo album) * ''AM'' (Arctic Monkeys album) * AM (musician), American musician ...

'' (2 vols., Berlin, 1856) * '' Erzählungen des Heimgekehrten'' (Prague, 1858) * '' Intimes Leben'' (ib. 1860) * ''Novellen'' (2 vols., Vienna, 1864) * '' Gedichte'' (Hamburg, 1870; 7th ed., 1894) * '' Philosophisch-Kritische Streifzüge'' (Berlin, 1873) * '' Geflügelte Stunden. Leben, Kritik, Dichtung'' (3 vols., Leipzig, 1875) * the dramas '' Das Forsthaus'', '' Hieronymus Napoleon'', and '' Die Alten und die Jungen'' (1875) * '' Der Naturgenuss. Eine Philosophie der Jahreszeiten'' (Berlin, 1876) * ''Neue Gedichte'' (Dresden, 1877) * '' Todte Schuld'' (2 vols., Stuttgart, 1878) * '' Späte Vergeltung'' (2 vols., Hamburg, 1879) * '' Der Ehrliche Name'' (2 vols., Dresden, 1880) * '' Wanderer's Ruhebank'' (Leipzig, 1881) * '' Ausserhalb der Gesellschaft'' (ib. 1881) * '' Der Abend zu Hause'' (Breslau, 1881) * '' Ein Schatten aus Vergangenen Tagen'' (Stuttgart, 1882) * '' Ein Kind des Meeres'' (Dresden, 1882) * '' Der Fahrende Geselle'' (Leipzig, 1884) * '' Vor dem Attentat'' (Dresden, 1884) * '' Natur und Geist im Verhältnis zu den Kulturepochen'' (Teschen, 1884) * '' Die Schöne Wienerin'' (Jena, 1886) * '' Das Leben Kein Traum'' (Breslau, 1887) * '' Auf dem Einsamen Schlosse'' (1887) * '' Die Muse des Glücks und Moderne Einsamkeit'' (Dresden, 1893) * '' Der Grundlose Optimismus'' (Vienna, 1894)

References

Bibliography

* Karpeles, Gustav.
Hieronymus Lorm: Ein Nachruf
" ''

Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums ''Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums'' (until May 1903: ''Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums'') was a Jewish German magazine devoted to Jewish interests, founded in 1837 by Ludwig Philippson (1811–89), published first in Leipzig and later in Berl ...

'', December 12, 1902, p. 593-595 *
Landesmann, Heinrich
" '' Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon'', 6th revised and expanded edition. Volume 12. Leipzig and Vienna: Bibliographisches Institut, 1905. p. 102 *
Lorm, Hieronymus
" ''Biographisches Schriftsteller-Lexikon der Gegenwart''. Edited by Franz Bornmüller. Leipzig: Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts, 1882. p. 443 * Wolf, A. L.
Hieronymus Lorm
" ''Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums'', August 1, 1891, p. 375-377 * '' Oesterreichische Wochenschrift'', December 12, 1902 *
Link to Jewish Encyclopedia
{{DEFAULTSORT:Landesmann, Heinrich Jewish poets Austrian blind people Austrian deaf people Deafblind people 1821 births 1902 deaths 19th-century Austrian poets Austrian male poets 19th-century Austrian male writers People from Mikulov Blind poets Deaf poets