Haemulidae is a

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

of fishes in the

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of ...

Perciformes Perciformes (), also called the Percomorpha or Acanthopteri, is an order or superorder of ray-finned fish. If considered a single order, they are the most numerous order of vertebrates, containing about 41% of all bony fish. Perciformes means ...

known commonly as grunts. It is made up of the two subfamilies

Haemulinae Haemulinae is a subfamily of the Haemulidae and consists of the genera of that family which are regarded as being of New World origin, although they are now widespread. The subfamily is distinguished from the Plectorhynchinae by having a short d ...

(grunters) and

Plectorhynchinae Plectorhinchinae, is one of two subfamilies of the family Haemulidae, some known colloquially as sweetlips. This subfamily is regarded as having an Old World origin. Genera The following genera are included in the Plectorhinchinae: *'' Diagramma ...

(sweetlips), which in turn contain about 133 species in 19 genera. These fish are found in tropical fresh, brackish, and salt waters around the world. They are bottom-feeding predators, and named for the ability of Haemulinae to produce sound by grinding their teeth. They also engage in mutualistic relationship with cleaner gobies of genus '' Elacatinus'', allowing them to feed on

ectoparasites Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson ha ...

on their bodies.

Timeline

ImageSize = width:850px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px Period = from:-65.5 till:10 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:-65.5 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-65.5 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify Colors = #legends id:CAR value:claret id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196) id:HER value:teal id:HAD value:green id:OMN value:blue id:black value:black id:white value:white id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258) id:paleogene value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32) id:paleocene value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37) id:eocene value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42) id:oligocene value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48) id:neogene value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1) id:miocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0) id:pliocene value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68) id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5) id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68) id:holocene value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88) BarData= bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2 bar:NAM3 bar:NAM4 bar:NAM5 bar:NAM6 bar:NAM7 bar:NAM8 bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4) bar:periodtop from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:

Paleocene The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''pala ...

from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:

Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', ...

from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:

Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but t ...

from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:

Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...

from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text: Plio. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text: Pleist. from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text: H. bar:eratop from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:

Paleogene The Paleogene ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning o ...

from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:

Neogene The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...

from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q. PlotData= align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left color:eocene bar:NAM1 from: -55.8 till: 0 text:

Isacia ''Isacia conceptionis'', the Cabinza grunt, is a species of grunt native to the Pacific Coast of South America and Nicaragua. It can be found at depths of in areas with rocky or sandy substrates. This species grows to in TL, with a maximum ...

color:eocene bar:NAM2 from: -48.6 till: 0 text:

Orthopristis ''Orthopristis'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, grunts belonging to family Haemulidae. They are found in the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the Americas. Species The currently recognized species in this genus are: * '' Orthopristis cant ...

color:eocene bar:NAM3 from: -48.6 till: 0 text: Parapristopoma color:eocene bar:NAM4 from: -48.6 till: 0 text:

Pomadasys ''Pomadasys'' is a genus of grunts native to the waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean and through the Indian Ocean to the Pacific coast of the Americas. The name of this genus is a compound of ''poma'' meaning "lid" or "covering" and ''dasys'' m ...

color:eocene bar:NAM5 from: -37.2 till: 0 text:

Xenistius ''Xenistius'' is a genus of grunts native to the eastern Pacific Ocean. Species The currently recognized species in this genus are: * '' Xenistius californiensis'' ( Steindachner, 1876) (Californian salema) * '' Xenistius peruanus'' Hildebrand, ...

color:miocene bar:NAM6 from: -23.03 till: 0 text:

Brachydeuterus The bigeye grunt, ''Brachydeuterus auritus'', is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is native to the Atlantic coast of Africa. Description The bigeye grunt has an oblong, somewhat compressed bod ...

color:miocene bar:NAM7 from: -23.03 till: 0 text:

Plectorhinchus ''Plectorhinchus'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae which is one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae which also includes the grunts. The species in this genus are found in fresh ...

color:pliocene bar:NAM8 from: -5.332 till: 0 text:

Anisotremus ''Anisotremus'' is a genus of grunts native to the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic Oceans. The name of this genus is compound of ''anisto'' meaning “different” and ''tremus'' meaning “hole”, referring to the different sized paired p ...

PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 bar:period from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:

from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:

from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:

from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:

from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text: Plio. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text: Pleist. from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text: H. bar:era from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:

from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:

from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q.

Subfamilies and genera

The family Haemulidae is divided into the following subfamilies and genera: *

** ''

'' Gill 1861 ** '' Boridia''

Cuvier Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (; 23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuvier was a major figure in nat ...

, 1830 ** ''

'' Gill, 1862 ** '' Conodon'' Cuvier, 1830 ** '' Emmelichthyops'' Schultz, 1945 ** ''

Haemulon ''Haemulon'' is a genus of fish in the grunt family known as the scaled-fin grunts. Most are found in the western Atlantic Ocean, with a few species known from the eastern Pacific Ocean.Rocha, L. A. and I. L. Rosa. (1999)New species of ''Hae ...

'' Cuvier, 1829 ** ''

Haemulopsis ''Haemulopsis'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, grunts belonging to the family Haemulidae Haemulidae is a family of fishes in the order Perciformes known commonly as grunts. It is made up of the two subfamilies Haemulinae (grunter ...

Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner describ ...

, 1869 ** '' Inermia'' Poey, 1860 ** ''

'' Jordan & Fesler, 1893 ** ''

Microlepidotus ''Microlepidotus'' is a genus of grunts native to the Pacific coast of North America. The currently recognized species in this genus are: * '' Microlepidotus brevipinnis'' (Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 ...

'' Gill, 1862 ** ''

'' Girard, 1858 ** ''

Parakuhlia The dara (''Parakuhlia macrophthalmus'') is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is native to the Atlantic coast of Africa. It is the only species in the monospecific genus ''Parakuhlia''. Desc ...

'' Pellegrin, 1913 ** ''

'' Lacépède, 1802 ** ''

Xenichthys ''Xenichthys'' is a genus of grunts native to the eastern Pacific Ocean. Species The currently recognized species in this genus are: * '' Xenichthys agassizii'' Steindachner, 1876 * '' Xenichthys rupestris'' Hildebrand Hildebrand is a ch ...

'' Gill, 1862 ** ''

'' Jordan &

Gilbert Gilbert may refer to: People and fictional characters *Gilbert (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters *Gilbert (surname), including a list of people Places Australia * Gilbert River (Queensland) * Gilbert River (South A ...

, 1883 ** '' Xenocys'' Jordan & Bollman, 1890 *

** ''

Diagramma ''Diagramma'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Haemulidae, grunts native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. The currently recognized species in this genus are: * '' Diagramma centurio'' G. Cuvi ...

'' Oken, 1817 ** ''

Genyatremus ''Genyatremus'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhynchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, it consists of four species. The name of this genus is a compound of ''genys'' meani ...

'' Gill, 1862 ** ''

Parapristipoma ''Parapristipoma'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae of the family Haemulidae. The species within the genus are native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. ...

'' Bleeker, 1873 ** ''

'' Lacépède, 1802

Notes

References

* {{Authority control

Timeline

Subfamilies and genera

See also

Notes

References