HMS Petard (G56)

HMS ''Petard'' was a P-class destroyer of the British Royal Navy that saw service during the Second World War. She was one of only three P-class ships, out of the original eight, to survive the war in a serviceable condition.

Originally to have been named HMS ''Persistent'', ''Petard'' was launched in March 1941. She initially carried the pennant number G56, which was changed after the war to F56.

''Petard'' had the distinction of sinking a submarine from each of the three Axis navies: the German , the Italian and the Japanese .

Members of the ship's crew recovered from ''U-559'' a new, four-wheel Enigma cypher machine and the books to go with it,Jak P. Mallmann Showell, ''U-Boat Warfare'' p. 107 albeit at the cost of the lives of her First Lieutenant and an Able Seaman, both of whom were drowned when the U-boat they were searching sank with them inside.

The early years

''Petard'' was launched on 27 March 1941 at Walker's shipyard in Newcastle, on the River Tyne.Harper, p. 48. Accommodation was basic, the officers had a cabin each in the aft of the ship, which doubled as office space. The ratings were housed in messes forward and slept in hammocks. As a result of these locations, confusion could arise when 'action stations' were sounded which might involve the officers making their way forward towards the bridge while gun-crews attempted to move aft to the stern armament.

She was fitted out and handed over to "a mainly untried crew" on 15 July 1942. Although the ship was fitted with radar, it was relatively primitive, so the need for a good visual watch was regarded as crucial. Her first captain was Lieutenant Commander Stephen Beattie who would go on to win the Victoria Cross in the St Nazaire raid. He was replaced by Lt Cmdr Mark Thornton DSC on 28 April, (he had come from the destroyer ; his DSC was for sinking a German U-boat). He worked the ship's company hard in training.

Convoy WS 21

''Petard'' began operations in late July as part of the naval escort of a Middle East-bound convoy, WS 21, (via the Cape of Good Hope).Harper, p. 51. It was an inauspicious baptism; two Sunderland flying boats were shot down by the convoy's gunners and , another escort, collided with a ship from an inbound convoy, MG 86, in fog.

The convoy steamed south, into improving weather. Thornton seemed to live up to his reputation for eccentricity, standing for long periods on the upper yard, tied to the mast, ensuring the crews' state of alert was maintained by pelting those below him that he thought needed stimulation with objects brought from his pockets. Some officers took to wearing their steel helmets.

Stopping off for fuel in Simon's Town, South Africa, ''Petard''s crew were granted some free time. This proved to be too much for three gun-layers, who missed the ship's sailing. Training continued, at one point soap was spread on the upper deck to make keeping one's footing difficult, thunderflashes were also used and the ship given an artificial list, to simulate realistic battle conditions. During this period, ''Petard'' suffered her first fatality when the wardroom chef collapsed and died. He was buried at sea.

The rest of the voyage, via the eastern passage off Madagascar and through the Red Sea, culminated with the negotiation of the Suez Canal and passed without incident.

The Mediterranean, part one

Having seen the convoy deliver its cargo, ''Petard '' joined the 12th Destroyer Flotilla in Port Said on 22 September. Two days later she used her guns in anger for the first time against three Ju 88 aircraft. The result was inconclusive.

Back in her mooring, the ship's first lieutenant had the opportunity to 'paint ship'; it was carried out under the watchful eye of the buffer (chief bosun's mate). Off-duty time was precious and sometimes amusing for the ship's crew. At one shore-side establishment, four of ''Petard''s officers had just entered as an improvised 'rodeo' of gharry horses (normally employed pulling a cab), was coming to an end. They were then involved with a fish-pond, a Lebanese singer and a move to an out-of-bounds area which saw the Royal Marines Patrol concerned with their welfare.

For the next few days, ''Petard'' and the (''Queen Olga'') took part in anti-submarine patrols and exercised with Allied submarines, improving the two ships' underwater hunting skills. On 12 October ''Petard'' and moved to Haifa to escort the cruiser to Alexandria. The voyage included drills and tactics for the protection of convoys. Also in attendance were the cruisers , and and their attendant fleet destroyers.

On 24 October she took part in the abortive interception of a German force said to be heading for Cyprus.

The ''U-559'' action

On 30 October 1942, a Sunderland flying boat reported the sighting of a submarine north of the Nile delta area. ''Petard'', with , , and , was involved in the sinking of . After many hours of searching and attacks with depth charges, the U-boat was forced to the surface. Both ''Petard'' and ''Hurworth'' engaged the U-boat with their " pom-poms" and Oerlikons after the main armament (4-inch guns) was found to be ineffective. With illumination from the searchlights of both ''Petard'' and ''Hurworth'', the First Lieutenant, Anthony Fasson and Able Seaman Colin Grazier swam across to the U-boat, went below and proceeded to gather a new, four-rotor Enigma machine, code-books and other important documents together for transfer to the ''Petard''. They were helped by a 16-year-old NAAFI canteen assistant, Tommy Brown, who was originally thought to have swum across to the sinking submarine as well; but when asked at the subsequent inquiry how he had boarded the U-Boat, he testified that he "got on board just forward of the whaler on the port side when the deck was level with the conning tower". That whaler, under the command of Sub-Lieutenant Connell, went alongside the U-boat in the darkness.

When Brown was asked what conditions were like below, he replied:

The Enigma machine itself sank with the U-boat. ''Petard'' left the area for Haifa, signalling that documents had been captured. The codebooks they retrieved were immensely valuable to the Ultra code-breakers at Bletchley Park in England; just six weeks after the action, many U-boat signals were being read. An Admiralty report on the sinking stated "The battle was largely won by persistence". The German engineer officer said that prior to abandoning ship he had opened the sea-cocks on the U-boat. Thornton, honouring a promise he had made to the shipyard, sent them a German U-boat seaman's lifejacket as a trophy.

Later awarded the George Medal for the U-boat action, Brown died in 1945 attempting to rescue his infant sister from a fire in the family home in North Shields.Connell, 1976, p. 71 Fasson and Grazier were awarded a posthumous George Cross each.

The 2000 film ''U-571'' drew on this and similar actions () by the Royal Navy for its plot.

The Mediterranean, part two

Convoy escort

''Petard'', with sister ship , was ordered on 9 November to enter Alexandria harbour and trained her torpedo tubes on ships of the Vichy French fleet while political negotiations were conducted for their transfer to Allied command. Almost immediately after the successful conclusion to this situation she sailed, with ''Queen Olga'', as escort to two supply ships. The convoy was preceded by three minesweepers; their destination was Mersa Matruh, which had supposedly been re-captured from Axis forces. As dawn broke on 12 November, a Ju 88 was sighted, apparently on a reconnaissance mission. There was some doubt about the situation in Mersa Matruh; as a signal to that effect was being received, RDF (radar) reported a number of aircraft closing the convoy. Ten Ju 88s began their bomb run. ''Petard'' was the only ship in the convoy with armament that could put up a creditable defence (although ''Queen Olga'' had larger calibre guns than ''Petard'', they could not be elevated sufficiently for anti-aircraft use). After an initial flurry of bombs, which scored no hits, the German aircraft broke off to attack individually, at which point they were close enough for every gun in the convoy to engage them. The naval action was curtailed when four Spitfires attacked the bombers; the convoy had suffered only minor damage but was nonetheless ordered to return to Port Said, which, for the merchantmen only, was amended to Alexandria.

Convoy MW 13 and Operation Stoneage

Operation Stoneage was part of the effort to re-supply Malta. Four merchantmen were to be escorted, initially by a total of nine warships, including ''Petard''. The escort was reinforced with the addition of three cruisers and 14 more destroyers which set course for Malta on 17 November. Only one incident of note involved ''Petard'' at this time. An alert look-out sighted a dinghy which contained five RAF men who had been shot down the previous day. The navigator surprised his rescuers after being picked up by running up to the bridge chart house to confirm his estimate of their position, thus winning a bet with his fellow survivors.

The first air raid, carried out by the Italian Regia Aeronautica (air force), commenced from high altitude in mid-afternoon. No serious damage was inflicted. It was followed by small groups of Italian and German aircraft, which did not press their attack home with any real conviction. It was only as dusk fell that the convoy faced a more determined onslaught, when six Ju 88s loaded with torpedoes, approached the convoy from different directions. Those ships with sufficient 'sea-room' took evasive action. Some ships in the outer escort screen suffered damage from falling shell splinters from the close escort, a constant hazard.

The following morning more attacks were carried out by the Axis, but accurate bombing was discouraged by advantageous cloud cover, the escorts' barrage and the presence of Bristol Beaufighters over the convoy. One attack, less desultory than most, was launched by six Ju 88s on the starboard screen, ''Petard'' was the last ship in the line. Only a few near misses and violent manoeuvres by the escorts were the result.

In the evening of 18 November, a force of 26 Ju 88 torpedo bombers in three groups attacked the convoy's ships, silhouetted against the light from a pattern of air-dropped flares. The escorts' guns were firing in all directions, trying to distract the German aircraft. In the confusion the cruiser ''Arethusa'' was hit by a torpedo.

Towing ''Arethusa''

''Petard'' and fellow destroyer were detached to offer assistance. Thornton, as senior officer, almost immediately sent ''Javelin'' back to the convoy, reasoning that Malta's survival had priority over ''Arethusa''s and that the convoy needed every ship. ''Petard'' then carried out ASDIC (later called active sonar) sweeps to discourage any submarine activity, and prepared to take the crippled ship in tow.

With everything ready, the tow began, rising to a speed of 10 knots in the first hour. ''Arethusa'' had adopted a 15-degree list which was reduced to five degrees over six hours by jettisoning upper-deck fittings and transferring liquids; this also improved the cruiser's steering. Exchanges of signals to increase speed (to get inside air cover before dawn), were interrupted when the tow-line parted. It was reinstated, and the tow resumed at five knots. At dawn on 19 November the two ships were being shadowed by a German reconnaissance plane, which was chased away by a pair of Beaufighters, but reported the tow's position. Two high-level attacks were then mounted, but driven off by a combination of the ships' guns and the escorting Beaufighters.

The worsening weather was causing serious strain on the cruiser's hull and it was decided to continue the tow with ''Arethusa'' stern-first. The tow was slipped and re-connected with some difficulty; by this time Thornton had been on the bridge for three days. The bridge staff were also exhausted; off-duty seamen were pressed into moving the heavy towing hawsers into position. Once everything was in place, the tow towards Alexandria continued at three knots.

One determined attack came in the afternoon from four Ju 88s. ''Petard'' was straddled, the closest bomb landing just from the ship. But once again there were no hits. This turned out to be the last offensive action.

On the cruiser, casualty signals were sent; ''Arethusa'' had suffered 157 dead, and the captain was amongst the wounded. On ''Petard'' men got a little rest, sleeping where they could. News came through that Convoy MW 13 had reached Malta successfully, the first for nearly two years. By noon on 19 November the storm looked like it would blow itself out. Two tugs, despatched from Alexandria, took over the tow into the harbour which was completed on 20 November.

More convoy escort work

On 23 November ''Petard'' led ''Paladin'' with the two merchantmen originally destined for Mersa Matruh and an armed merchant cruiser loaded with reinforcements to Tobruk. Entry to the shattered port was made difficult by sunken ships and other underwater obstacles. Thornton went ashore for a guided tour by the garrison commander. On their return to Port Said, the two "P"s were separated; ''Paladin'' entered the harbour while ''Petard'' shepherded a motley collection of vessels along the coast to Alexandria. ''Petard'' was ordered to return her charges to Port Said due to recent German mine-laying; a minesweeper was lost.

Another Malta convoy under the code-name Operation ''Portcullis'', MW 14, commenced just fifteen days after its predecessor. Four merchant ships, including a tanker, were to be escorted to the embattled island by warships similar in numbers and strength to MW 13. On the second day out, a remarkable coincidence occurred when the crew of a Wellington bomber were picked up by ''Petard'' in the same area as the first recovery. They, too, had spent about 24 hours adrift after being shot down.

The empty ships, as ME 11, returned to Port Said. It was during this journey that ''Petard'' shot down her first enemy aircraft, on 7 December 1942.

''Petard'' and ''Queen Olga'' went to the assistance of a small convoy which was under constant air attack. The destroyers had been diverted from a run to Malta with a cargo of important spare parts. Reaching Tobruk, they spent a relatively peaceful night in the wreck-strewn anchorage, before going on to Benghazi on 13 December. Here it was a different story; a heavy raid was under way as the two ships entered the harbour. A tanker was hit and soon burning, but the inferno did not deter a party of RASC soldiers who unloaded their stores with studied nonchalance.

The ''Uarsciek'' action

While on her way to Malta with ''Queen Olga'' from Benghazi on 15 December 1942, ''Petard'' (still under the command of Lt Cmdr Thornton), engaged and sank the Italian ''Uarsciek''. At first it was thought that ''Uarsciek'' might be the British submarine ''P-35'', but in the darkness the Italian vessel fired two torpedoes which ''Petard'' successfully 'combed' by turning between the torpedo tracks. She then replied with two depth charge patterns followed by one from ''Queen Olga'' which forced the damaged submarine to the surface from ''Petard''. She was illuminated by both ship's searchlights. Men seen on the casing were then engaged by ''Petard''s guns. There are some discrepancies in the recollections of crew members about the gun action, but what is known is that ''Petard'' "half-rammed" the submarine which sank some time later. The two destroyers were rapturously received on their arrival in Malta. ''Petard'' subsequently spent time in dry dock in Alexandria for repairs to her bows following the collision.

Two DSOs, one DSC, two DSMs and several Mention in Despatches ( MiD) were awarded for the action. King George II of Greece, as well as decorating his own men, also awarded the War Cross, Third Class, to Thornton.

The Mediterranean, part three

New captain

Thornton's last operation with the ship was commanding the escort of a slow convoy to Alexandria, leaving Haifa on 31 December 1942. ''Petard'' went into dry dock once more when it was discovered that the previous visit was unsatisfactory. Thornton left the ship without ceremony on 9 January 1943 at his own request. The strain of command had taken its toll. One of his last actions was to send the ceremonial colours from ''Uarsiek'' to Walkers Yard in Newcastle. It was to be the last such gift.

His replacement was Lieutenant Commander Rupert Egan RN, who joined from his previous command, the destroyer .

1943

As a result of successful trials following the repairs, ''Petard'', with ''Pakenham'' and ''Queen Olga'' were ordered south, through the Suez Canal and into the Red Sea. They were to rendezvous off Perim island with convoy 'Phomplett'. This group of large, but empty, ships was bound for Colombo, Ceylon. With other Mediterranean-based vessels, the three ships escorted the 'troopers' to a mid-ocean meeting point where craft from the Eastern fleet took over on 8 February. The 12th flotilla ships then turned about. On the return journey they passed the crippled cruiser ''Arethusa'' which was making her way to the US for permanent repairs.Connell,1976, p. 129

In support of 8th Army's advance westward, ''Petard'' became part of the escort for a 24-ship convoy to Tripoli; departing Alexandria on 17 February. Arriving without incident on the 21st, the harbour entrance was found to be still partially blocked, compelling the ships to discharge their human cargoes into lighters and landing craft. That evening, ''Petard'' sailed to Tobruk with a troop carrier, and for six days ran a shuttle service to the new front, west of Tripoli.

Food captured from the Italians was issued to the ships, but in many instances the labels had come off the tins; discovering the identity of the contents became a bit hit and miss. Fruit was at a premium, so when some of the crew came across a party of soldiers who had a cache of peaches but no cigarettes, it did not take long for a deal to be struck.Connell, 1976, p. 130

Club runs

The 12th Destroyer Flotilla was to be based in Malta, a reflection of the war situation. ''Petard'', along with many other ships, was to participate in Operation ''Retribution'', the Allied effort to prevent German and Italian forces from reinforcing their garrisons in Tunisia. Naval forces were to also prevent evacuation or escape. One of the first ''Retribution'' offensive sweeps was carried out by ''Pakenham'', ''Queen Olga'' and ''Petard'' on 16 March. These sweeps became known rather euphemistically as "The Club Runs".

''Petard'' and her consorts were still involved in convoy escort work. On one occasion, their convoy was attacked by six Ju 87 (Stuka) dive bombers escorted by Bf 109 fighters. As the Stukas came out of the sun in a near vertical dive, the four-inch high-angle guns put out a barrage, firing up to 22 rounds a minute. Egan established his style of ship-handling, lying back in his bridge chair and wearing smoked glasses (against the sun's rays), while calling out helm and speed alterations. Three dive bombers were shot down; one, which narrowly missed ''Queen Olga'', by the accompanying Beaufighters. Ex-Leading Seaman Douglas Vowles cited Egan's commitment and skill as "saving my life and that of my shipmates many times over".

''Petard'', accompanied by ''Paladin'', took part in a high-speed dash to bombard the port of Sousse in Tunisia in early April 1943. Using charts captured from ''Uarsciek'', the two ships negotiated minefields and avoided German U-boats before reaching their objective. As they withdrew, they were intercepted by several E-boats. Both destroyers were raked by German machine gun fire, but there were no casualties, and only minor damage was sustained.

''Petard'' was not so lucky on 24 April when she was strafed by an unknown plane or planes (sources vary). Four men were killed and buried at sea, a fifth died later in Malta; ten were wounded.

As the North Africa campaign neared its conclusion, ''Petard'', with ''Paladin'' and the destroyer attacked and sank the Italian merchantman ''Compobasso'' and the destroyer off Cape Bon, the latter ship exploding within sight of the last Axis stronghold on 4 May. A hospital ship was intercepted and taken to the area of the sinkings to pick up survivors.

A bizarre situation was encountered when ''Petard'' came upon a launch towing a dinghy from Kelibia on 9 May. The two vessels contained 14 men – two RAF aircrew, 10 Germans and two Italians. The RAF men had been shot down, and the Germans and Italians were trying to escape to Sicily. The Germans had ordered the airmen into the launch and were trying to force the Italians into the dinghy. Inexplicably, the Italians were still armed when ''Petard'' was sighted. On her arrival off Sousse, the airmen and the prisoners were transferred to another ship.

As a recognition aid in the waters between Tunisia and Sicily, it was decided that all Allied vessels were to have their bridge structures painted red. By dawn on 11 May, ships were only covered slightly better than their crews.

The Sicilian campaign

The Allies then turned their attention to Sicily; ''Petard'' was involved from the outset. On the same day of the Axis surrender in North Africa (12 May), she joined ''Nubian'' and the destroyer as escorts to the cruiser ''Orion'' within sight of coastal guns on Pantellaria island; they fired two salvos which straddled ''Petard''. A third salvo landed close enough to cause sufficient damage to ensure that the pumps had to be used all the way back to Malta.

On 16 May ''Petard'' picked up four Germans who had been floating on a raft made out of buoyancy containers. They were in such a deathlike state that sea-birds had begun to peck at them. The following day a German hospital ship was intercepted. The search party sent to investigate discovered unwounded men in civilian clothes. The vessel was therefore sent to Malta for the interrogation of its passengers; while underway, a company of infantrymen and a number of support troops emerged from their hiding places. Automatic weapons, ammunition and explosives were subsequently found.

During a patrol between Cape Bon and Mattimo, ''Petard'' and ''Paladin'' came across a Walrus amphibious aircraft that had been forced down by engine trouble. ''Petard'' towed the disabled flying boat to the former French base at Bizerta on 10 June.

Hopes of home leave were raised and dashed when ''Petard'' passed Gibraltar and sailed out into the Atlantic only to join up with the incoming Sicily invasion force. She was patrolling on 10 July, the first day of the landings, but returned to Malta to embark Allied Supreme Commander General Dwight Eisenhower and his staff on 14 July and take them to the British beaches at Pachino and the Gulf of Noto. Having attended two conferences, Eisenhower re-embarked and was soon on his way back to Malta.

While shelling a road near Catania with three other ships next day, ''Petard'' was hit by a round fired from a tank; the shell passed through the ship but caused little damage. She took part in other bombardments; on one she narrowly avoided an aerial torpedo, but was damaged on 30 July when going alongside the battleship at speed. She returned to Malta for repairs.

Italy

By the middle of August the occupation of Sicily was complete; General Bernard Montgomery's 8th Army could concentrate on the Italian mainland. Over the next month ''Petard'' was employed mostly on escort work, including being part of the screening force of 23 destroyers for the aircraft carriers and and the battleships , , ''Warspite'' and .

By 15 September the beaches at Salerno were in crisis. The American Admiral in command of the invasion armada called for extra naval gun-fire support. ''Warspite'' and ''Valiant'' responded. ''Petard'' landed ''Warspite''s Forward Observation Officer, (FOO), using her cutter, then stayed close in-shore to use her own guns. The situation was eased.

That evening, while defending against a German bombing and torpedo attack, ''Petard'' came off worse in another encounter with ''Warspite''. A six-inch shell, thought to have come from the battleship, exploded in the forward seaman's mess deck; two men were killed, six others were wounded.

In early October ''Petard'' was based in Brindisi, from where she crossed the Adriatic, searching coves and inlets between Iasun island and Dubrovnik for German shipping. It was after leaving the area for Malta and refuelling before moving to the Dodecanese islands, that the crew learned of the loss of the ''Queen Olga''.

The Aegean

''Petard''s Aegean campaign, in what became known as the "Destroyers' graveyard", began on 7 October 1943, the day that the island of Cos or Kos, fell to the Germans. She, with was escorting the anti-aircraft cruiser and searching at night, with two s, for a German force reportedly heading for the island of Leros. They withdrew at dawn, the two Hunts being relieved by (also Hunt-class) and the . The five-ship flotilla was attacked by sixteen Ju 87 dive bombers. ''Panther'' was sunk and ''Carlisle'', hit four times, was damaged beyond repair. To make matters worse, air cover was reduced when American North Africa-based Lightnings were transferred to the Central Mediterranean theatre. ''Petard'' made two trips to Leros at night with troops, vehicles and stores, hiding in neutral Turkish waters during the day. A third attempt had to be abandoned while ''Petard'' was in Leros harbour due to the severity of the bombing.

These reinforcement runs continued, with varying degrees of success. Air attacks were not the only worry: another threat was from mines. On 22/23 October ''Petard'' and another destroyer, , acting after the loss of the Hunt class and the (which lost a third of her forward section before being beached), entered a minefield east (rather than west) of Kalymnos Island. ''Eclipse'' was sunk with heavy loss of life, but ''Petard'', picking up survivors, managed to withdraw to safety.

The tempo did not let up. On 24/25 October, after landing a naval base party at Leros, ''Petard'' moved to a Turkish bay to lay up for the day. She continued to be scrutinised by the Turks and buzzed by German aircraft. On another occasion, Turkish officials boarded the ship demanding to know when ''Petard'' might sail. It was only when shown a stripped-down (but perfectly serviceable) engine and being told that it was essential it was repaired that they relented. Wardroom hospitality also helped.

For ''Petard''s fifth Aegean sortie, Egan, as senior officer, was in charge of a three-destroyer flotilla loaded with men and stores that met up with the cruiser on 30 October; her extra anti-aircraft firepower was soon needed. Having thwarted a high-altitude attack, with help from accompanying Beaufighters, a further raid of 14 Ju 87s succeeded in hitting ''Aurora'' amidships, killing 46 and wounding 20. ''Aurora'' withdrew, escorted by the destroyer . That left ''Petard'' and to complete their mission to Leros. Still harassed by bombing, the two ships continued; ''Belvoir'' had a lucky escape when she was hit by a bomb that failed to explode; the unexploded bomb was later found deep in the ship, carried up on deck and unceremoniously dumped over the stern.

''Petard''s next foray was with the Hunt-class destroyers ''Rockwood'' and the Polish . On 9 November her RDF picked up a vessel in the vicinity of Kalymnos Island which turned out to be a landing craft accompanied by two caïques packed with soldiers. The three ships opened fire with their main armament. ''Krakowiak'' then fired a star-shell over Kalymnos harbour, its light revealed a merchant ship, which was set on fire by the destroyers; Egan took ''Petard'' into the mouth of the harbour to confirm the destruction of the merchant ship and fire a torpedo at the harbour entrance. Aircraft on Cos were engaged by her four-inch guns. During the withdrawal ''Rockwood'' was hit by a glider bomb which failed to explode, but nevertheless started a fire; the damage was such that ''Petard'' was asked for a tow. With sporadic attacks still coming from the air, tow preparations were very quickly carried out. Temporary shelter was gained in a landlocked bay in Turkey. While there it was discovered that the bomb had torn through thawing beef, creating a gory scene which the damage-control party initially mistook for a massacre: ''Rockwood'' was eventually towed to Alexandria.

''Petard''s last Aegean task on 19 November 1943 was to assist in the evacuation of British forces from Leros; but no escaping personnel were found. She was then ordered to Haifa for a boiler clean and leave over Christmas. This was to be followed by going east to engage the Japanese.

The Far East, part one

In January 1944 a fleet assembled in Alexandria and passed through the Suez Canal for deployment to the East Indies and the Pacific; ''Petard'' was in her usual escort role. Following extensive exercises and drills, there was a welcome break when the aircraft carrier and the battlecruiser were diverted to Cochin in south west India on 24 January; ''Petard'' was part of their escort. Her arrival in Trincomalee, Ceylon on 28 January was marked by the contrast between the immaculate fleet and the patches and rust stains on ''Petard'' and ''Paladin''. The two "P"s were banished to a nearby creek to 'paint ship'.

''Petard'' had other worries; her main armament fired, among other types, semi-armour piercing (SAP) ammunition, but there was none to be had in Alexandria or Trincomalee; this shortage was to be noticeable before too long.

The two destroyers joined Convoy KR-8 in the Indian Ocean on the last part of its journey to Colombo.Harper, p. 128. While underway to meet it, they encountered a huge herd of whales which seemed to be fearless; there was a very real danger of collision as the ships tried to maintain their anti-submarine zig-zag. On 10 February the two destroyers left a refuelling point at Addu Atoll and sailed west along the equator to rendezvous with the convoy.

On 12 February ''Petard'', now under the newly promoted Commander Rupert Egan, was involved in the destruction of the Japanese B1 type submarine after it had sunk the troop ship with the loss of 1,297 lives.

The ''I-27'' action

On a clear day and a calm sea, torpedo tracks were easily sighted heading for the troop ships. ''Khedive Ismail'' was hit and sank in minutes. ''Petard'' responded with a number of depth charge attacks, one of which, like the submarine, was close to the main group of survivors; these attacks were initially unsuccessful. However, after her third pattern, a larger than normal submarine (which turned out to be almost as long and have a greater displacement than ''Petard''), was forced to the surface. ''Petard'' and ''Paladin'' (which had been picking up survivors), engaged the submarine with their four-inch main armament. ''Petard'' stopped firing when ''Paladin'' adopted a course to ram the Japanese vessel. ''Petard'', whose captain was the senior officer, frantically signalled her sister-ship to abort the ramming, fearing fatal damage to her consort. ''Paladin'' complied and turned away from her intended 'victim', but her momentum took her broadside into the submarine's hydroplane, opening up a gash long in ''Paladin''s hull.

With ''Paladin'' out of action, it fell to ''Petard'' to continue the attack, which she did with several close-range depth charge attacks; all to no avail, they could not be set shallow enough to cause any damage, but they did successfully divert the Japanese submarine's attention from the helpless ''Paladin''. ''Petard'' pulled away to engage the submarine with her four-inch guns once more, but this was also ineffective: hits were registered, but they were with impact-fuzed shells due to the lack of SAP ammunition. ''Petard'' then tried a torpedo attack, but it took seven attempts before there was any sign of success. Two and a half hours had passed since the submarine was forced to the surface.

Douglas Vowles, a Leading Seaman operating "B" gun, sighted ''I-27''s log book floating in the water near the stricken submarine amidst a school of sharks that was corralling the Japanese survivors. Vowles recovered the logbook that contained much valuable information on Japanese activity in the Pacific. He was mentioned in despatches.

''Petard'' then went to assist ''Paladin'', transferring all survivors and towing the disabled destroyer (sources vary), to Addu Atoll.

Home and more repairs

More escort duties followed, but they were uneventful. With ''Paladin'' homeward bound for repairs, ''Petard'' sailed to Bombay, where she enjoyed a nine-day break before leading two s: and , the Dutch ship and convoy BA 66A to Aden. Her next job involved meeting the in the Red Sea and escorting her (but only as far as Aden). On her return to Trincomalee in April, ''Petard'' was soon employed on sallies with capital ships in various groups. This training preceded Operation ''Cockpit'', a major diversionary attack to reduce pressure on American fleets further east. ''Petard'' joined Force 69, and took part in the bombardment of Japanese installations.

In late July ''Petard'' escorted a convoy from the Seychelles to Aden. She was then instructed to sail alone for Britain; most of the crew had not been home for over two years. Just after passing through a strangely quiet Suez Canal, ''Petard'' sighted and recovered the crew, complete with hand baggage, of the American Liberty ship ''Samslarnia'' in the eastern Mediterranean. The freighter had been torpedoed, but had not sunk. Part of her cargo was silver bullion.

After an overnight stop in Plymouth, ''Petard'' arrived in Portsmouth on 16 August 1944 bearing a total of 49 patches on her hull.

Following repairs and refit in dry dock, ''Petard'' set out for the naval base at Scapa Flow with a new crew in early 1945. ''En route'' she had 13 ASDIC contacts with German U-boats in the Irish Sea, firing patterns of depth charges without result. Leaving the 'Flow', she was in transit to meet a Russian convoy, but diverted into dry-dock at North Shields to rectify damage to her propeller which had apparently been caused by her own depth charges. While she was there the war in Europe ended, but ''Petard'' had not finished yet. She was heading for the Far East once more. On her way out of the Clyde she passed surrendered U-boats.

The Far East, part two

''Petard'' went into dry dock once more in Alexandria before passing through the Suez Canal, arriving in Trincomalee back at full war readiness.

In Operation ''Zipper'', the planned re-occupation of Malaya, ''Petard'' was to be point ship. The Japanese surrender, following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, meant that such operations would not be necessary. Despite their capitulation, it was not clear that all the Japanese forces would obey the surrender order, or indeed, knew about it. As a result, ships like ''Petard'' maintained a high state of readiness. That caution seemed to be justified when, a week after VJ (Victory over Japan) day, the second 'yellow' air raid warning of the day was shown to be for a solitary Japanese reconnaissance machine, which flew off when approached by nearby carrier-borne aircraft.

''Petard'' was kept busy with the aftermath of war; for instance she led the cruiser ''Cleopatra'' and the Royal Indian Navy Bathurst class corvette, , through a narrow swept channel in the Malacca Strait, which had been marked by three Indian Navy minesweeper flotillas, towards Singapore. Her guns and men with rifles were kept busy, firing many rounds at the floating mines that were released. ''Petard'' was ordered to intercept a Japanese destroyer that turned out to be called . Taking a dispatch case from the Japanese ship and ignoring a request for a receipt, she sailed back to ''Cleopatra''. She was then part of a force which included the cruiser , which was sent to Batavia, in the Dutch East Indies.

On her way back to Singapore after yet another escort mission, ''Petard'' ran into a tornado, which resulted in thousands of disoriented birds using the ship as a temporary perch. She was also involved in the uprising in Java; at one point ferrying Japanese prisoners of war from Tanjung Priok to an island near Singapore.

In all, ''Petard'' crossed the equator eight more times in the area of the Dutch East Indies before sailing once again to Trincomalee in late March 1946. Over two months later she returned to Portsmouth.Harper, p. 156

Post-war era

''Petard'' was placed in reserve in Harwich in September 1946, being moved to Chatham in March 1951. In 1953 she was selected for conversion to a Type 16 fast anti-submarine frigate, with the new pennant number F26. She arrived at Devonport on 29 April 1953 under tow from ; two days later she was towed to Belfast, arriving on 4 May. She was converted there by Harland and Wolff, being completed in December 1955. She was mothballed in Southampton and towed to Devonport where she was laid up until 1960.Harper, p. 157

''Petard'' was re-commissioned later that year and amongst other Home Fleet duties was used as a Sea Training Ship for Junior Seamen Trainees from HMS ''Ganges''.

She was declared for disposal in May 1964; under the 1965–65 Naval Estimates, she entered Devonport dockyard on 31 January 1966 to de-equip and was broken up in 1967 by P.W. McLellan at Bo'ness.

Citations

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Petard (G56)
Enigma machine
O and P-class destroyers
Ships built on the River Tyne
1941 ships
World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom
Cold War destroyers of the United Kingdom
Type 16 frigates
Cold War frigates of the United Kingdom
Ships built by Vickers Armstrong