HŽ series 1061
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The HŽ series 1061 was a 6-axle articulated electric locomotive series that was used by
Croatian Railways Croatian Railways ( hr, Hrvatske željeznice; abbreviated as HŽ) is the national railway company of Croatia. Croatia is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Croatia is 78. The Croatian rail network carr ...
( hr, hrvatske željeznice, HŽ). In Slovenia it is known as ''SŽ series 362''. This locomotive, built jointly by Ansaldo and Breda, is derived from the Italian
FS Class E636 The FS E.636 is a class of Italian articulated electric locomotives. They were introduced in the course of the 1940s until the 1960s, and have been decommissioned since 2006. They have been one of the most numerous Italian locomotive group, and ...
and was originally donated by the
Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...
government. It was known as ''JŽ series 362'' in the
SFRJ The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or simply as Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe. It emerged in 1945, following World War II, and lasted until 1992, with the breakup of Yugo ...
. It was mostly used on the Rijeka - Zagreb railway and some auxiliary branches of this line. With the conversion of the Rijeka - Zagreb railway from 3KV DC electrical system to the 25 KV AC catenary, these locomotives were retired in 2012. Almost identical locomotives of this type on the
Slovenian Railways Slovenian Railways ( sl, Slovenske železnice, ''SŽ'') is the state railway company of Slovenia, created in 1991. Slovenia is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Slovenia is 79. History What is n ...
were phased out in 2008.


History

A locomotive was needed which could operate on a mountain railway line with very hilly terrain. The steam and diesel locomotives at that time could not fulfil the request, as they could not generate sufficient power. Therefore, the line was electrified, at the then common voltage of 3 kV DC. These locomotives were deployed on this line between 1960 and 1964 and (numbers 001 to 019) and between 1968 and 1969 (numbers 101 to 110). The locomotives are split in two series: * JŽ 362.001-040 (First Series) : 40 locomotives built between 1960 and 1967, 35 between 1960 and 1964, 5 more until 1967. * JŽ 362.101-110 (Second Series): 10 locomotives built in 1968. These differ by having a higher axle load of 20t per axle and some minor improvements to the basic structure. The locomotives were originally colored in a yellow and pine green colour scheme, which caused it to earn the nickname "žutka" ("yellow") amongst Croatian engineers; the Slovenian engineers instead adopted the nickname "meh" ("bellows") due to the articulated design resembling fire-blowing bellows. The Croatian locomotives were eventually repainted into the new grey-light blue-dark blue livery, while the Slovenian ones kept the Yugoslav livery until retirement. After the breakup of
Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
,
Slovenian Railways Slovenian Railways ( sl, Slovenske železnice, ''SŽ'') is the state railway company of Slovenia, created in 1991. Slovenia is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Slovenia is 79. History What is n ...
got 18 series 0 locomotives, while
Croatian Railways Croatian Railways ( hr, Hrvatske željeznice; abbreviated as HŽ) is the national railway company of Croatia. Croatia is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Croatia is 78. The Croatian rail network carr ...
got the rest. Later, most of the
electrified Electrification is the process of powering by electricity and, in many contexts, the introduction of such power by changing over from an earlier power source. The broad meaning of the term, such as in the history of technology, economic history ...
lines in Croatia were re-electrified to
25 kV AC Railway electrification systems using alternating current (AC) at are used worldwide, especially for high-speed rail. It is usually supplied at the standard utility frequency (typically 50 or 60Hz), which simplifies traction substations. The dev ...
, and the HŽ series 1061, which used 3 kV DC, was since then only deployed on the Šapjane- Rijeka- Moravice Line. This line has been later re-electrified to the standard voltage as well, and in December 2012 all of the locomotives have been withdrawn. In Slovenia, where 3 kV DC is still the standard voltage, Slovenian Railways started replacing series 362 with series 541 in 2005, and in July 2009 the last locomotive had a farewell drive. A couple of the locomotives were sold to other countries, one was acquired by the Slovenian Railway Museum, and the rest were scrapped.


Technology

The electrical part is similar and derived from
FS Class E636 The FS E.636 is a class of Italian articulated electric locomotives. They were introduced in the course of the 1940s until the 1960s, and have been decommissioned since 2006. They have been one of the most numerous Italian locomotive group, and ...
, and in some parts from FS Class E646. Like E636, JŽ 362 has six motors, each providing (1st series) and (2nd series), and rheostatic regulation; the tractive effort is also higher ( on start, continuous). On 1st series two La TA 241 Westinghouse compressors provide air for pneumatic systems; the 42 V batteries are recharged by a
dynamo "Dynamo Electric Machine" (end view, partly section, ) A dynamo is an electrical generator that creates direct current using a commutator. Dynamos were the first electrical generators capable of delivering power for industry, and the foundati ...
, which provides a current of 68 A, activated by the
rheostat A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as a variable resistor or rheostat. The measuring instrume ...
and motors fans, model "Marelli/Koncar". On 2nd series compressors and
battery Battery most often refers to: * Electric battery, a device that provides electrical power * Battery (crime), a crime involving unlawful physical contact Battery may also refer to: Energy source *Automotive battery, a device to provide power t ...
recharge systems are identical, but fans are "Aeroto" type and are activated by
alternator An alternator is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current. For reasons of cost and simplicity, most alternators use a rotating magnetic field with a stationary armature.Gor ...
s, providing a 380 V AC three-phase voltage. Also, rheostatic type braking is possible, on a similar way used on experimental unit E636.082. File:HŽ 1061 series locomotive (01) .JPG, HŽ series 1061 in full length File:362 040-9 Ljubljana 18.03.07 (15502452621).jpg, SŽ series 362, still bearing the original yellow livery


External links


1061
''RailfanEurope.net'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Hz Series 1061 3000 V DC locomotives Bo-Bo-Bo locomotives
1061 Year 1061 ( MLXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – Robert de Grandmesnil, his nephew Berengar, half-sister Judith (future wif ...
362 Year 362 ( CCCLXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Mamertinus and Nevitta (or, less frequently, year 1115 ''Ab urbe ...
Gio. Ansaldo & C. locomotives Breda locomotives Standard gauge locomotives of Yugoslavia Standard gauge locomotives of Croatia Standard gauge locomotives of Slovenia