Gydan Peninsula
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

The Gyda Peninsula () is a geographical feature of the Siberian coast in the
Kara Sea The Kara Sea (russian: Ка́рское мо́ре, ''Karskoye more'') is a marginal sea, separated from the Barents Sea to the west by the Kara Strait and Novaya Zemlya, and from the Laptev Sea to the east by the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago. ...
. It takes its name from the river Gyda, that flows on the peninsula. It is roughly 400 km long and 360 km wide. This wide
peninsula A peninsula (; ) is a landform that extends from a mainland and is surrounded by water on most, but not all of its borders. A peninsula is also sometimes defined as a piece of land bordered by water on three of its sides. Peninsulas exist on all ...
lies between the estuaries of the Ob (
Gulf of Ob The Gulf of Ob ( (russian: Обская губа, Obskaya guba; also known as ''Bay of Ob'', russian: Обский залив, Obsky zaliv, link=no) is a bay of the Arctic Ocean, located in Northern Russia at the mouth of the Ob River.
) and
Yenisei River The Yenisey (russian: Енисе́й, ''Yeniséy''; mn, Горлог мөрөн, ''Gorlog mörön''; Buryat: Горлог мүрэн, ''Gorlog müren''; Tuvan: Улуг-Хем, ''Uluğ-Hem''; Khakas: Ким суғ, ''Kim suğ''; Ket: Ӄук ...
s (
Yenisei Gulf The Yenisey Gulf (russian: Енисейский залив, ''Yeniseysky zaliv'') is a large and long estuary through which the lower Yenisey flows into the Kara Sea. The Yenisey Gulf and its islands belong to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative ...
). The southwestern corner of the peninsula is limited by the
Taz Estuary The Taz Estuary (russian: Тазовская губа) is a long gulf formed by the Taz River. It consists of a roughly long estuary that begins in the area of the settlement of Tazovsky and ends in the Gulf of Ob, which is connected with th ...
, and across the river lies the
Yamal Peninsula The Yamal Peninsula (russian: полуостров Ямал, poluostrov Yamal) is located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of northwest Siberia, Russia. It extends roughly 700 km (435 mi) and is bordered principally by the Kara ...
. The climate in the whole area is arctic and harsh.


Geography

The Gyda Peninsula is mostly flat, with numerous lakes and rivers. Tanama has its sources in the peninsula.Танама,
Great Soviet Encyclopedia The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' (GSE; ) is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later ''Bolshaya rossiyskaya e ...
in 30 vols. / Ch. ed.
A.M. Prokhorov Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov (born Alexander Michael Prochoroff, russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Про́хоров; 11 July 1916 – 8 January 2002) was an Australian-born Soviet-Russian physicist known ...
– 3rd ed. – M, 1969–1978.
Its ground consists of
permafrost Permafrost is ground that continuously remains below 0 °C (32 °F) for two or more years, located on land or under the ocean. Most common in the Northern Hemisphere, around 15% of the Northern Hemisphere or 11% of the global surface ...
and is covered by tundra. This peninsula has a few arms or subpeninsulas extending northwards into the Kara Sea, where there are some large islands off its shores, including
Oleniy Oleny Island (also spelt as Oleniy and Oleni) (russian: Остров Олений) is a single island in the Kara Sea just a few kilometers offshore, north of the coast of one of the arms of the Gyda Peninsula in North Siberia. It is covered with ...
, Shokalsky and Vilkitsky Islands. There are two bays in its northern coast, narrow and deep
Khalmyer Bay The Khalmyer Bay, also known as Gydan Bay (russian: Гыданская губа) is a bay on the Siberian coast in the Kara Sea. It is located in the Gyda Peninsula and it is roughly 185 km long and 47 km wide at its widest point. Lat 71 ...
and smaller
Yuratski Bay The Yuratski Bay (russian: Юрацкая губа; ''Yuratskaya Guba'') is an inlet on the Siberian coast in the Kara Sea. It is located in the Gyda Peninsula and it is roughly 45 km long and 30 km wide at its widest point. Lat 71° 50 ...
. The peninsula formed between the Khalmyer Bay and neighbouring
Yuratski Bay The Yuratski Bay (russian: Юрацкая губа; ''Yuratskaya Guba'') is an inlet on the Siberian coast in the Kara Sea. It is located in the Gyda Peninsula and it is roughly 45 km long and 30 km wide at its widest point. Lat 71° 50 ...
is known as the Mamonta Peninsula ( rus, Полуостров Мамонта; ''Poluostrov Mamonta'', meaning '
Mammoth A mammoth is any species of the extinct elephantid genus ''Mammuthus'', one of the many genera that make up the order of trunked mammals called proboscideans. The various species of mammoth were commonly equipped with long, curved tusks and, ...
Peninsula') and the narrow peninsula in the NW formed between this bay and the neighbouring
Gulf of Ob The Gulf of Ob ( (russian: Обская губа, Obskaya guba; also known as ''Bay of Ob'', russian: Обский залив, Obsky zaliv, link=no) is a bay of the Arctic Ocean, located in Northern Russia at the mouth of the Ob River.
is known as the Yavay Peninsula ( rus, полуостров Явай; ''Poluostrov Yavay''). The Gyda Peninsula is located in the
Yamal-Nenets autonomous district The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YaNAO; russian: Яма́ло-Не́нецкий автоно́мный о́круг (ЯНАО), ; yrk, Ямалы-Ненёцие автономной ӈокрук, ) or Yamalia (russian: Ямалия) is a fed ...
administrative region of the
Russian Federation Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
. It appears also in the genitive as Gydansky or Gydanskiy Peninsula in many common maps in English.


Archaeological site

A notable
archeological Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscape ...
find from the peninsula is a
mammoth A mammoth is any species of the extinct elephantid genus ''Mammuthus'', one of the many genera that make up the order of trunked mammals called proboscideans. The various species of mammoth were commonly equipped with long, curved tusks and, ...
skeleton A skeleton is the structural frame that supports the body of an animal. There are several types of skeletons, including the exoskeleton, which is the stable outer shell of an organism, the endoskeleton, which forms the support structure inside ...
, now housed in a zoological museum in
Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
.


Environmental protection

In 1996 the northernmost 8 782 km2 was declared a nature reserve (
zapovednik Zapovednik (russian: заповедник, plural , from the Russian , 'sacred, prohibited from disturbance, committed o protect committed o heritage; ) is an established term on the territory of the former Soviet Union for a protected area whi ...
), with a general ban on traffic. The reserve
Gyda Nature Reserve Gyda National Park (''Gydansky National Park''; russian: Национальный парк «Гыданский») is the northernmost national park in the Western Siberia. The park covers arctic terrain of the Gyda Peninsula and nearby islands in ...
was administered from the region capital Tazovsky. 10 December 2019 the protected area was changed into a
national park A national park is a nature park, natural park in use for conservation (ethic), conservation purposes, created and protected by national governments. Often it is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state dec ...
. Since 2014, massive holes nearly 100 feet wide popped up on the ground of the peninsula, probably due to methane gas blowouts. In 2016, after a hiatus of 25 years (the local research station was closed in 1991), scientists were allowed back on the site to lead geo-cryological studies and monitor the permafrost. In 2020, officially following the warmest summer recorded in the region since 1881, heavy masses of mud and permafrost started to slide into the sea of the Gydan Bay. The mudslides have also been attributed to the recent launch of the Arctic LNG 2 project, an enormous natural gas extraction site built in the region.


Petroleum

The
fossil gas Natural gas (also called fossil gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Low levels of trace gases like carbon di ...
company PAO Novatek has since 2019 had permission for gas extraction from a major part of the peninsula. In 2020 the company presented plans for construction of a major port on the Gulf of Ob for gas shipment. The port is called Utrenneye and the project is named Arctic LNG 2.


See also

*
Arctic cooperation and politics Arctic cooperation and politics are partially coordinated via the Arctic Council, composed of the eight Arctic nations: the United States, Canada, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, and Denmark with Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The domi ...


References

{{Authority control Peninsulas of Russia Landforms of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug