This is a list of words, terms, concepts, and slogans in the

Italian language Italian (''italiano'' or ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire. Together with Sardinian, Italian is the least divergent language from Latin. Spoken by about 85 m ...

and

Latin language Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...

which were specifically used in Fascist Italian monarchy and

Italian Social Republic The Italian Social Republic ( it, Repubblica Sociale Italiana, ; RSI), known as the National Republican State of Italy ( it, Stato Nazionale Repubblicano d'Italia, SNRI) prior to December 1943 but more popularly known as the Republic of Salò ...

. Some words were coined by

Benito Mussolini Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; 29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party. He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his deposition in 194 ...

and other Italian Fascists. Other words and concepts were borrowed and appropriated, and other terms were already in use in

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

. Finally, some are taken from Italy's cultural tradition. {{compact ToC, side=yes, top=yes, num=yes

A

*''

Africa Orientale Italiana Italian East Africa ( it, Africa Orientale Italiana, AOI) was an Italian colony in the Horn of Africa. It was formed in 1936 through the merger of Italian Somalia, Italian Eritrea, and the newly occupied Ethiopian Empire, conquered in the Sec ...

'' - "Italian East Africa", the colony of the Italian Empire composed of present-day

Eritrea Eritrea ( ; ti, ኤርትራ, Ertra, ; ar, إرتريا, ʾIritriyā), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa, with its capital and largest city at Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia ...

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...

, and

Somalia Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constituti ...

(except the disputed

Somaliland Somaliland,; ar, صوماليلاند ', ' officially the Republic of Somaliland,, ar, جمهورية صوماليلاند, link=no ''Jumhūrīyat Ṣūmālīlānd'' is a ''de facto'' sovereign state in the Horn of Africa, still conside ...

until 1940) founded 1 June 1936 after the invasion and occupation of Ethiopia by Italy in which occupied Ethiopia, Italian Eritrea, and Italian Somalia were merged into a single colony.

British Somaliland British Somaliland, officially the Somaliland Protectorate ( so, Dhulka Maxmiyada Soomaalida ee Biritishka), was a British Empire, British protectorate in present-day Somaliland. During its existence, the territory was bordered by Italian Soma ...

was briefly occupied and annexed to Italian East Africa from 1940 to 1941. *''

Arditi Arditi (from the Italian verb ''ardire'', lit. "to dare", and translates as "The Daring nes) was the name adopted by a Royal Italian Army elite special force of World War I. They and the opposing German '' Stormtroopers'' were the first modern ...

'' - a group of elite soldiers used by Italy during

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

. The blackshirt and fez of the ''Arditi'' were adopted by the Italian Fascists as symbols of Italian Fascism. *'' Azienda Generale Italiana Petroli'', "General Italian Petroleum Company" - a petroleum

joint-stock company A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's capital stock, stock can be bought and sold by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their share (finance), shares (certificates ...

created by the government of Fascist Italy in 1926 that amalgamated multiple petroleum companies in Italy. *'' Aquila'', Latin and Italian term for "eagle." The ''aquila'' was a symbol of the Roman Empire that was adopted by the Italian Fascist movement and Fascist Italy. *'' Aristocrazia delle Trincee'', "Aristocracy of the Trenches" - a concept developed by Mussolini during

that advocated a government led by veteran soldiers. *'' Associazione Musulmana del Littorio'' - an organization of the National Fascist Party for people of the

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...

religion Religion is usually defined as a social- cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatural, ...

(especially in Italy's Muslim-populated colonies). *'' Associazione Nazionale Fascista Famiglie Caduti in Guerra'' - National Fascist Families Association of Fallen in War. *''

Avanguardia Giovanile Fascista Avanguardia Giovanile Fascista (A.G.F.) was a fascist student youth organization established in the 1920s by the National Fascist Party The National Fascist Party ( it, Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF) was a political party in Italy, created b ...

'' - "Fascist Avande-Garde Youth" - a youth organization of the National Fascist Party existing from 1921 until 1937 when it was merged into the ''Gioventù Italiana del Littorio''.

B

*'' Battaglia del Grano'' - "Battle for Grain", economy policy intended to boost cereal production.

C

*'' Camicie Nere'' - "Blackshirts", the

paramilitary A paramilitary is an organization whose structure, tactics, training, subculture, and (often) function are similar to those of a professional military, but is not part of a country's official or legitimate armed forces. Paramilitary units carr ...

wing of the Italian Fascist movement. Named after their blackshirt uniform. *'' Comitato Nazionale Forestale'' - "National Forest Committee", an environmental organization of the National Fascist Party, on the issue of the forests of Italy. *'' Corporativismo'' - "Corporatism", referring to the fascist economic corporatism advocated by the Italian Fascist movement and adopted by other fascist movements. Fascist corporatism was a form of

tripartism Tripartism is an economic system of neo-corporatism based on a mixed economy and tripartite contracts between employers' organizations, trade unions, and the government of a country. Each is to act as a social partner to create economic policy ...

between the state, manager's unions, and labour unions in which the manager and labour unions negotiate to set wages and prices with the state being an arbitrator should unresolved disputes arise. The concept of corporatism pre-existed fascism and has been used by a variety of political ideologies. *'' Credere, obbedire, combattere'' - "Believe, obey, fight", an Italian Fascist slogan.

D

*''

Duce ( , ) is an Italian title, derived from the Latin word 'leader', and a cognate of ''duke''. National Fascist Party leader Benito Mussolini was identified by Fascists as ('The Leader') of the movement since the birth of the in 1919. In 192 ...

'', ''

Dux ''Dux'' (; plural: ''ducēs'') is Latin for "leader" (from the noun ''dux, ducis'', "leader, general") and later for duke and its variant forms (doge, duce, etc.). During the Roman Republic and for the first centuries of the Roman Empire, '' ...

'' - "Leader", referring to the leadership position of Mussolini over the Italian Fascist movement and after 1925, as the leader of the government of Italy. *'' Dux (libro)'' - "''Leader''" (1926), a book by Italian Fascist figure

Margherita Sarfatti Margherita Sarfatti (née Grassini; 8 April 1880 – 30 October 1961) was an Italian journalist, art critic, patron, collector, socialite, and prominent propaganda adviser of the National Fascist Party. She was Benito Mussolini's biographer as we ...

in praise of Mussolini.

E

*'' Eja, eja, alalà!'' - Italian equivalent of "hip, hip hourray!", it was used as an Italian Fascist slogan. *''

Era Fascista The ''Era Fascista'' ("Fascist Era") was a calendar era (year numbering) used in Fascist Italy. The March on Rome, or more precisely the accession of Mussolini as prime minister on 29 October 1922, is day 1 of ''Anno I'' of the ''Era Fascista ...

'' - "Fascist Era", Fascist rule in Italy from 1922 to 1945. It is also a term used in Fascist Italy for an alternative official calendar reckoned from the March on Rome. For instance ''Anno XIV E.F.'' or "Year 14 of the Fascist Era" indicates the fourteenth year after the March on Rome, or 29 October 1935 to 28 October 1936 in the

Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It was introduced in October 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian calendar. The principal change was to space leap years dif ...

. ''Era Fascista'' dates were often used alongside Gregorian dates. *'' Eritrea Italiana'' - "Italian Eritrea", the colony of

within the Italian Empire that existed from the 1880s to 1936. In 1936, Italian Eritrea was merged along with Italian Somalia and Italian-occupied Ethiopia into the combined colony of Italian East Africa.

F

*''

Fascism Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultra-nationalist political ideology and movement,: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy an ...

o'' - "Fascism", the ideology of Italian Fascism and generic fascism across the world. *'' Fasci all'Estero'' - "Abroad League", the organization of the National Fascist Party representing Fascist Italians outside of Italy. *''

Fasci Italiani di Combattimento The ''Fasci Italiani di Combattimento'' ( en, Italian Fasces of Combat, link=yes, also translatable as ''"Italian Fighting Bands"'' or ''"Italian Fighting Leagues"'') was an Italian Fascism, Italian Fascist organization created by Benito Mussolin ...

'' - "Italian League of Combat", the organization of the Italian Fascist movement from 1919 until 1921 when it was succeeded by the National Fascist Party. *''

Fascio Fascio (; plural ''fasci'') is an Italian language, Italian word literally meaning "a bundle" or "a sheaf", and figuratively "league", and which was used in the late 19th century to refer to political groups of many different (and sometimes oppos ...

'' - "Fasces", a corporal punishment device carried by

Lictors A lictor (possibly from la, ligare, "to bind") was a Roman civil servant who was an attendant and bodyguard to a magistrate who held ''imperium''. Lictors are documented since the Roman Kingdom, and may have originated with the Etruscans. Origi ...

ancient Rome In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 B ...

composed of an axe and wood rods bounded together by straps. ''Fascio'' (singular) or ''fasci'' (plural) also refers to leagues in Italy of a variety of political orientation, including liberal, socialist, and nationalist ''fascio''. It is a symbol of strength through unity and Italian national identity via connection to ancient Rome that was the premier symbol used by Italian Fascists. *''

Fasci Femminili Fasci Femminili (FF) ("Female Groups") was the women's section of the Italian Fascist Party (PNF). The FF was founded in 1919 and disbanded in 1945. It incorporated all the other Fascist organizations for women and girls, which were all formally se ...

'' - "Women's Leagues", the women's organization of the National Fascist Party. *''

Futurism Futurism ( it, Futurismo, link=no) was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy, and to a lesser extent in other countries, in the early 20th century. It emphasized dynamism, speed, technology, youth, violence, and objects such ...

o'' - "Futurism", an ideology created by Marinetti that advocated a total modernization of society in the economy, politics, and culture, supported elimination of all old antiquated traditions, opposed democracy, supported political violence as being normal in society, and opposed feminism. Futurist ideas and supporters were initially numerous in the Italian Fascist movement, Marinetti co-wrote the Manifesto of the ''Fasci di Combattimento''. However Italian Fascist later attempts to appeal to conservatives alienated the futurists including Marinetti who left the party in opposition to its "conservatization" in his view. In spite of this departure however Italian Fascist era art often mixed futurist themes with ''Romanità'' themes.

G

*'' Gioventù Albanese del Littorio'' - "Albanian Lictor Youth", a subsection of the ''Gioventù Italiana del Littorio'' for Albanian population of the Albanian Kingdom within the Italian Empire. *'' Gioventù Araba del Littorio'' - "Arab Lictor Youth", a subsection of the ''Gioventù Italiana del Littorio'' for the Arab population of the Italian Empire. *''

Gioventù Italiana del Littorio The ''Gioventù Italiana del Littorio'' (GIL) (English: Italian Youth of the Lictor) was the consolidated youth movement of the National Fascist Party of Italy that was established in 1937, to replace the '' Opera Nazionale Balilla'' (ONB). It was ...

'' - "Italian Lictor Youth", the youth organization of the National Fascist Party founded in 1937 as a successor to the National Balilla Club and other Italian Fascist youth organizations. *''

Giovinezza "Giovinezza" ( – ) is the official hymn of the Italian National Fascist Party, regime, and army, and was an unofficial national anthem of the Kingdom of Italy between 1924 and 1943.Farrell, Nicholas. 2005. ''Mussolini: a New Life''. Sterling Pub ...

'' - The official hymn of the Italian National Fascist Party, regime, and army, and the unofficial national anthem of Italy between 1924 and 1943. *'' Governatorato di Dalmazia'' - Italian province created from occupied Yugoslav territories after the German

invasion of Yugoslavia The invasion of Yugoslavia, also known as the April War or Operation 25, or ''Projekt 25'' was a German-led attack on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers which began on 6 April 1941 during World War II. The order for the invasion was p ...

in April 1941. *'' Gruppo Universitari Fascisti'' - "Fascist University Group", a student organization of the National Fascist Party. *''

Guardia Nazionale Repubblicana The Italian National Republican Guard (''Guardia Nazionale Repubblicana'', or GNR) was a gendarmerie force of the Italian Social Republic created by decree on December 8, 1943, replacing the Carabinieri and the National Security Volunteer Mili ...

'' - "National Republican Guard", the Blackshirt paramilitary force of the Italian Social Republic formed as a successor to the Carabinieri and the National Security Volunteer Militia of the Fascist regime in the Kingdom of Italy.

I

*''

Impero Italiano The Italian colonial empire ( it, Impero coloniale italiano), known as the Italian Empire (''Impero Italiano'') between 1936 and 1943, began in Africa in the 19th century and comprised the colonies, protectorates, concessions and dependenci ...

'' - "Italian Empire", the term unofficially used since the 1880s and officially adopted in 1936 by Fascist Italy after the

Second Italo-Abyssinian War The Second Italo-Ethiopian War, also referred to as the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, was a war of aggression which was fought between Italy and Ethiopia from October 1935 to February 1937. In Ethiopia it is often referred to simply as the Itali ...

for Italy and its imperial possessions. *'' Istituto Nazionale di Cultura Fascista'' - "National Institute of Fascist Culture", the cultural organization of the National Fascist Party and Fascist Italy, founded in 1926 and dissolved in 1943. *''Italia Fascista'' - "Fascist Italy", the term used by Italian Fascists and non-fascists for Italy under the rule of fascism. Two states were known as Fascist Italy: the

Kingdom of Italy The Kingdom of Italy ( it, Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to ...

from 1922 to 1943 and the

from 1943 to 1945. *'' Italia Imperiale'' - "Imperial Italy", the Fascist project for securing dominion over the Mediterranean area. *''

Italia Irredenta Italian irredentism ( it, irredentismo italiano) was a nationalist movement during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Italy with irredentist goals which promoted the unification of geographic areas in which indigenous peoples c ...

'' - "Unredeemed Italy", the term used by Italian

irredentists Irredentism is usually understood as a desire that one State (polity), state annexes a territory of a neighboring state. This desire is motivated by Ethnicity, ethnic reasons (because the population of the territory is ethnically similar to the p ...

who advocated the unification or "return" of claimed former Italian-held, Italian-populated, or Italian-cultured territories to Italy such as

Corsica Corsica ( , Upper , Southern ; it, Corsica; ; french: Corse ; lij, Còrsega; sc, Còssiga) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France. It is the fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of ...

Dalmatia Dalmatia (; hr, Dalmacija ; it, Dalmazia; see #Name, names in other languages) is one of the four historical region, historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria. Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of ...

Nice Nice ( , ; Niçard: , classical norm, or , nonstandard, ; it, Nizza ; lij, Nissa; grc, Νίκαια; la, Nicaea) is the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The Nice agglomeration extends far beyond the administrative c ...

Savoy Savoy (; frp, Savouè ; french: Savoie ) is a cultural-historical region in the Western Alps. Situated on the cultural boundary between Occitania and Piedmont, the area extends from Lake Geneva in the north to the Dauphiné in the south. Savo ...

, and

Ticino Ticino (), sometimes Tessin (), officially the Republic and Canton of Ticino or less formally the Canton of Ticino,, informally ''Canton Ticino'' ; lmo, Canton Tesin ; german: Kanton Tessin ; french: Canton du Tessin ; rm, Chantun dal Tessin . ...

. *''Italianità'' - "Italianness", the concept of a common type, nature and character of all Italians. The term was coined during the

Risorgimento The unification of Italy ( it, Unità d'Italia ), also known as the ''Risorgimento'' (, ; ), was the 19th-century political and social movement that resulted in the consolidation of different states of the Italian Peninsula into a single ...

, and was heavily promoted by the Fascist regime especially in the context of Italianization of territories gained by Italy after the First World War (e.g.

South Tyrol it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol , settlement_type = Autonomous province , image_skyline = , image_alt ...

). *'' Italianizzazione'' - "Italianization", cultural assimilation of non-Italians or partially Italian peoples into Italian culture and society.

L

*'' La dottrina del Fascismo'' - "The Doctrine of Fascism" (1932) - a book describing Italian Fascist ideology written by

Giovanni Gentile Giovanni Gentile (; 30 May 1875 – 15 April 1944) was an Italian neo-Hegelian idealist philosopher, educator, and fascist politician. The self-styled "philosopher of Fascism", he was influential in providing an intellectual foundation for I ...

but with credit given to Mussolini. *''

La difesa della razza ''La Difesa della Razza'' (Italian language, Italian: ''In Defence of Race'') was a Fascist biweekly magazine which was published in Rome between 1938 and 1943 during the Fascist Italy (1922–1943), Fascist rule in Italy. Its subtitle was ''Scie ...

'' - "The Charter of Race", the racial policy adopted by Fascist Italy in 1938 that included antisemitic policies, including removed citizenship from Italian Jews, banning Jews from taking positions in the government or other professions such as in banking and education, marriages between Italians and Jews were forbidden, and Jewish private property was confiscated. The Charter also targeted native Africans, forbidding marriage between Italians and native Africans, and imposing racial segregation of Italians from blacks in its colonies. *'' Lega Navale Italiana'', an organization pre-existing Fascist Italy that was founded in 1907 that was assimilated into the Italian Fascist movement and made a Fascist organization of the ''

Regia Marina The ''Regia Marina'' (; ) was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (''Regno d'Italia'') from 1861 to 1946. In 1946, with the Italian constitutional referendum, 1946, birth of the Italian Republic (''Repubblica Italiana''), the ''Regia Marina'' ch ...

'' in Fascist Italy. *'' Libro e moschetto - Fascista perfetto'' - "Book and rifle make the perfect Fascist", an Italian Fascist slogan. *'' Libia Italiana'' - "Italian Libya", the colony of

Libya Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya bo ...

within the Italian Empire that existed from 1911 to 1943. In 1938, Fascist Italy made the Mediterranean shore of Libya provinces of Italy, as opposed to colonial provinces, that were to be settled by Italians.

M

*'' Marcia su Roma'' - "March on Rome", the march of Italian Fascists on Rome that resulted in the appointment of Mussolini as

Prime Minister of Italy The Prime Minister of Italy, officially the President of the Council of Ministers ( it, link=no, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), is the head of government of the Italian Republic. The office of president of the Council of Ministers is ...

in 1922. *''

Mare Nostrum ''Mare Nostrum'' (; Latin: "Our Sea") was a Ancient Rome, Roman name for the Mediterranean Sea. In Classical Latin, it would have been pronounced , and in Ecclesiastical Latin, it is pronounced . In the decades following the 1861 unification of ...

'' - "Our Sea", a Latin term used by the

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Mediterr ...

for the

Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ea ...

that was adopted by the Italian Fascists as advocating Italian domination of the Mediterranean just as the Roman Empire had done. *''

Massaie Rurali Massaie Rurali (MR; "Rural Farm-Women") was an Italian organisation for peasant women within the Italian Fascist Party (PNF). MR was founded in 1933 and disbanded in 1945. It was the largest women's organisation in Fascist Italy and one of the l ...

'' - the fascist women's organization of rural or peasant women. *'' Me ne frego'' - "I don't care", "I don't give a damn", an Italian Fascist slogan. *''

Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale The Voluntary Militia for National Security ( it, Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale, MVSN), commonly called the Blackshirts ( it, Camicie Nere, CCNN, singular: ) or (singular: ), was originally the paramilitary wing of the Nation ...

'' - "National Security Voluntary Militia", the official organization created by Fascist Italy that composed the Blackshirts as a militia of the state.

N

*'' Nazionalismo italiano'' - "Italian nationalism", the main core ideological basis of the Italian Fascist movement. *''

Novecento Italiano Novecento Italiano () was an Italian artistic movement founded in Milan in 1922 to create an art based on the rhetoric of the fascism of Benito Mussolini, Mussolini. History Novecento Italiano was founded by Anselmo Bucci (1887–1955), Leonardo ...

'' - an Italian art form adopted during the Fascist era that emphasized a call to order in society.

O

*''

Opera Nazionale Balilla Opera Nazionale Balilla (ONB) was an Italian Fascist youth organization functioning between 1926 and 1937, when it was absorbed into the Gioventù Italiana del Littorio (GIL), a youth section of the National Fascist Party. It takes its name fr ...

'' - "National Balilla Club", a youth organization of the National Fascist Party. *''

Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro The National Afterwork Club (''Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro'', or OND) was the Italian Fascist leisure and recreational organization for adults. History In April 1925, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini agreed to the Fascist unions’ demands to s ...

'' - "National Recreational Club", a leisure and recreational organization of the National Fascist Party. *'' Organizzazione per la Vigilanza e la Repressione dell'Antifascismo'' - "Organization for Vigilance and Repression of Anti-Fascism", the

secret police Secret police (or political police) are intelligence, security or police agencies that engage in covert operations against a government's political, religious, or social opponents and dissidents. Secret police organizations are characteristic of a ...

of Fascist Italy.

P

*'' Partito Fascista Albanese'' - the branch of the National Fascist Party in the Italian protectorate of the Albanian Kingdom. *''

Partito Fascista Repubblicano The Republican Fascist Party ( it, Partito Fascista Repubblicano, PFR) was a political party in Italy led by Benito Mussolini during the German occupation of Central and Northern Italy and was the sole legal and ruling party of the Italian S ...

'' - "Republican Fascist Party", the successor to the National Fascist Party that held power in the Italian Social Republic from 1943 to 1945, after the monarchy of the Kingdom of Italy ousted Mussolini and the National Fascist Party from power in 1943. *''

Partito Nazionale Fascista The National Fascist Party ( it, Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF) was a political party in Italy, created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of Italian Fascism and as a reorganization of the previous Italian Fasces of Combat. The ...

'' - "National Fascist Party", the Italian Fascist political party founded in 1921 as the successor to the ''Fasci Italiani di Combattimento''. *'' Potenze dell'Asse'' - "Axis Powers", the alliance including Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, the

Empire of Japan The also known as the Japanese Empire or Imperial Japan, was a historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the post-World War II 1947 constitution and subsequent fo ...

, and other states that fought against the Allied Powers during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

. *'' Provincia Autonoma di Lubiana'' - "Autonomous province of Ljubljana". Province created of occupied Yugoslav territories after the German invasion of Yugoslavia.

Q

*''Quarta Sponda'' - "The Fourth Shore", Italian Libya.

R

*'' Reale Unione Aeronautica Fascista'' - "Royal Fascist Aeronautical Union", the aeronautical organization of the National Fascist Party. *'' Regno Albanese'' - "Albanian Kingdom", the Italian protectorate of

Albania Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares ...

existing from 1939 to 1943. *'' Regno d'Italia'' - "Kingdom of Italy", the Italian state existing from 1861 to 1946 that held the entire Italian Peninsula. It was the first manifestation of Fascist Italy from 1922, with the appointment of Mussolini as Prime Minister by

King Victor Emmanuel III King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the tit ...

, until 1943 when Emmanuel III removed Mussolini as Prime Minister and banned the National Fascist Party. *'' Repubblica Sociale Italiana'' - "Italian Social Republic", the client state of

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...

existing from 1943 to 1945. It was founded after the ousting from power, arrest, and rescue by German forces of Mussolini in the Kingdom of Italy. It was completely dependent on German economic and military assistance as it faced invasion by the Allies. It was the second and final manifestation of Fascist Italy. *''

Romanità ''Romanitas'' is the collection of political and cultural concepts and practices by which the Romans defined themselves. It is a Latin word, first coined in the third century AD, meaning "Roman-ness" and has been used by modern historians as shor ...

'' - "Roman-ness" or "Roman Ideal", the concept of Roman identity of Italians utilized by Italian nationalists, including Italian Fascists that emphasized the connection of Italy and Italians to culture of

and especially the

S

*''

Sansepolcrismo Sansepolcrismo is a term used to refer to the movement led by Benito Mussolini that preceded Fascism. The Sansepolcrismo takes its name from the rally organized by Mussolini at Piazza San Sepolcro in Milan on March 23, 1919, where he proclaimed th ...

'' - Term used to refer to Italian Fascist supporters who are known as the original supporters of the movement. The Sansepolcrismo are persons claiming to have attended the rally organized by Mussolini at

Piazza San Sepolcro The Piazza San Sepolcro () is a piazza in the center of Milan not far from the Piazza del Duomo. During the Roman period the piazza was the forum at the intersection of the cardo and the decumanus. In 1030 the Church of San Sepolcro was foun ...

in Milan on March 23, 1919, where he proclaimed the principles of Fascism. *''

Sezione Operaie e Lavoranti a Domicilio Sezione Operaie e Lavoranti a Domicilio (SOLD) ('Section for Female Laborers and Home-workers') was an Italian organisation for urban working-class women within the Italian Fascist Party (PNF). SOLD was founded in 1937 and disbanded in 1945. It was ...

'' - the 'Section for Female Laborers and Home-workers', a women's organization of the Fascist Party. *'' Sindacalismo nazionale'' - "National syndicalism", Mussolini's concept of a united corporatist Italy. *''

Somalia Italiana Italian Somalia ( it, Somalia Italiana; ar, الصومال الإيطالي, Al-Sumal Al-Italiy; so, Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaalida), was a protectorate and later colony of the Kingdom of Italy in present-day Somalia. Ruled in the 19th centur ...

'' - "Italian Somalia", the colony of Italian-held territories of

within the Italian Empire that existed from the 1880s to 1936. In 1936, Italian Somalia was merged along with Italian Eritrea and Italian-occupied Ethiopia into the combined colony of Italian East Africa. *''

Spazio vitale (, "living space") was the territorial expansionist concept of Italian Fascism. It was defined in universal terms as "that part of the globe over which extends either the vital requirements or expansionary impetus of a state with strong unit ...

'' - "vital space", a territorial expansionist policy of Fascist Italy that advocated expansion of Italian national territory to spread Italians into the Balkans and Africa to overcome problems of

overpopulation Overpopulation or overabundance is a phenomenon in which a species' population becomes larger than the carrying capacity of its environment. This may be caused by increased birth rates, lowered mortality rates, reduced predation or large scale m ...

in Italy. A similar policy was advocated by Nazi Germany called ''

Lebensraum (, ''living space'') is a German concept of settler colonialism, the philosophy and policies of which were common to German politics from the 1890s to the 1940s. First popularized around 1901, '' lso in:' became a geopolitical goal of Imperi ...

'' ("living space") *''

Squadristi The Voluntary Militia for National Security ( it, Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale, MVSN), commonly called the Blackshirts ( it, Camicie Nere, CCNN, singular: ) or (singular: ), was originally the paramilitary wing of the Nation ...

'' - "Squads", another name for the Blackshirts (see: ''Camicie Nere'').

U

*'' Unione Nazionale Ufficiali in Congedo d'Italia'' - "Official National Union of the On-Leave in Italy", an organization of soldiers on-leave that was dedicated to their moral and technical preparation to be on leave.

List of abbreviations and acronyms

''See the glossary above for full explanations of the terms.'' *AGF - ''Avanguardia Giovanile Fascista'', or Fascist Avand-Garde Youth *AGIP - ''Azienda Generale Italiana Petroli'', or General Italian Petroleum Company *AML - ''Associazione Musulmana del Littorio'', or Lictor Muslim Association *ANFFCG - ''Associazione Nazionale Fascista Famiglie Caduti in Guerra'', or National Fascist Families Association of Fallen in War *AOI - ''Africa Orientale Italiana'', or Italian East Africa *CCNN - ''Camicie Nere'', or Blackshirts *CMF - ''Comitato Nazionale Forestale'', or National Forest Committee. *EF - ''Era Fascista'', or Fascist Era *GIL - ''Gioventù Italiana del Littorio'', or Italian Lictor Youth *GNR - ''Guardia Nazionale Repubblicana'', or National Republican Guard *GUF - ''Gruppo Universitari Fascisti'', or Fascist University Club *INCF - ''Istituto Nazionale di Cultura Fascista'', or National Institute of Fascist Culture *LNI - ''Lega Navale Italiana'', or Italian Naval League *MVSN - ''Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale'', or National Security Voluntary Militia *ONB - ''Opera Nazionale Balilla'', or National Balilla Club *OND - ''Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro'', or National Recreational Club *OVRA - ''Organizzazione per la Vigilanza e la Repressione dell'Antifascismo'', or Organization for Vigilance and Repression of Anti-Fascism *PFA - ''Partito Fascista Albanese'', or Albanian Fascist Party *PFR - ''Partito Fascista Repubblicano'', or Republican Fascist Party *PNF – ''Partito Nazionale Fascista'', or National Fascist Party *RSI - ''Repubblica Sociale Italiana'', or Italian Social Republic *RUAF - ''Reale Unione Aeronautica Fascista'', or Royal Fascist Aeronautical Union *UNUCI - ''Unione Nazionale Ufficiali in Congedo d'Italia'', or Official National Union of the On-Leave in Italy Fascist Italy Italy in World War II Fascist Italy Wikipedia glossaries using unordered lists