Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen

The Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen was the highest football league in the German state of Hesse, the Bavarian province of Palatinate, the Saarland and some parts of the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau from 1933 to 1941. From 1941, it also included parts of the occupied French region of Lorraine. Additionally, the league was from then on divided in the ''Gauligas Hessen-Nassau'' and ''Westmark''.

Shortly after the formation of the league, the Nazis reorganised the administrative regions in Germany, and the '' Gaue'' ''Hesse Nassau'' and '' Saar-Palatinate'' (later: ''Westmark'') replaced the old states and provinces.

Overview

Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen

The league was introduced by the Nazi Sports Office in 1933, after the Nazi take over of power in Germany. It replaced the ''Bezirksliga'' as the highest level of play in German football competitions.

The ''Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen'' was established with twelve clubs from the states of Prussia, Bavaria, Hesse and Saarland. At the time of the league's establishment, the Saarland was actually not yet a part of Germany again.

The Gauliga replaced as such the '' Bezirksliga Rhein-Saar'' and the '' Bezirksliga Main-Hessen'', who had been the highest leagues in this region until then. The clubs from Mannheim in the ''Bezirksliga Rhein-Saar'' however joined the '' Gauliga Baden'', while some clubs from the ''Bezirksliga Main-Hessen'' joined the Gauliga Hessen.

In its first season, the league had twelve clubs, playing each other once at home and once away. The league winner qualified for the German championship while the bottom three teams were relegated. The next season, the league was reduced to eleven teams. In the 1935–36 season, it played with ten clubs and only two relegated teams. This system remained in place until 1939.

In 1939–40, the league played in two regional groups of seven, the ''Saarpfalz'' group and the ''Mainhessen'' group. The two league winners played out a home-and-away final. The 1940–41 season saw only one change in this set up, the groups were expanded to eight teams.

At the end of the 1940–41 season, the ''Gauliga'' was split into two completely separate leagues, forming the ''Gauligas Hessen-Nassau'' and ''Gauliga Westmark''. It followed thereby the political borders of the ''Reichsgaue''.

Gauligas Hessen-Nassau

The league was mostly formed by clubs from the ''Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen'' (''Mainhessen'' division) and some clubs from the south of the ''Gauliga Hessen''.

In its first season, 1941–42, it consisted of 13 clubs in two groups with a home-and-away final for the two league winners. In the next two seasons, it operated as a single division with ten teams and two relegation spots.

The imminent collapse of Nazi Germany in 1945 gravely affected all ''Gauligas'' and football in Hesse at this stage had a very low priority. The 1944–45 season, if started at all was definitely not finished.

Gauliga Westmark

The new league, apart from the clubs from the ''Saarpfalz'' division of the ''Gauliga Westmark'', also included two clubs from Lorraine, from Metz, and Sarreguemines (German: Saargemünd).

The league operated with nine clubs since FK Pirmasens withdrew early and two relegated team. It archived its desired strength of ten clubs the year after, in the 1942–43 season. It remained unchanged for the 1943–44 season.

The last season in 1944-45 was probably not started at all as much of Lorraine had been reoccupied by allied forces and the rest of the ''Reichsgau Westmnark'' was a front line zone.

Aftermath

With the end of the Nazi era, the ''Gauligas'' ceased to exist and while what was to become the state of Hesse found itself predominantly in the US occupation zone, all territories of the original ''Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen'' west of the river Rhine were part of the French zone.

In the US zone, football soon resumed and the Oberliga Süd was formed in late 1945 as a replacement for the ''Gauligas'' in the south of Germany. Similar, in the French zone, the Oberliga Südwest was formed.

National success

The clubs from the Südwest/Mainhessen region did not win a national championship in the Nazi era but achieved two finals appearances. The FSV Frankfurt lost the cup final to Rapid Wien in 1938 and the FV Saarbrücken lost the national championship to the Dresdner SC in 1943.

Founding members of the league

The twelve founding members of the ''Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen'' and their positions in the 1932-33 ''Bezirksliga Rhein/Saar'' and ''Bezirksliga Main/Hessen'' season were:
* Kickers Offenbach, ''3rd Main division''
* FK Pirmasens, ''winner Saar division''
* Wormatia Worms, ''2nd Hessen division''
* Eintracht Frankfurt, ''2nd Main division''
* Borussia Neunkirchen, ''3rd Saar division''
* FSV Frankfurt, ''winner Main division''
* 1. FC Kaiserslautern, ''2nd Saar division''
* Sportfreunde Saarbrücken, ''4th Saar division''
* Phönix Ludwigshafen, ''2nd Rhein division''
* SV Wiesbaden, ''4th Hessen division''
* FSV Mainz 05, ''winner Hessen division''
* Alemannia/Olympia Worms, ''3rd Hessen division''

League winners

The winners and runners-up of the league:

Winners and runners-up of the Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen

Winners and runners-up of the Gauliga Hessen-Nassau

Winners and runners-up of the Gauliga Westmark

Placings in the Gauliga 1933-44

The complete list of all clubs participating in the league:

Hessen-Nassau clubs

* ¹ The SV Wiesbaden played under the name of KSG Wiesbaden from 1941.

Westmark clubs

* ² The FV Saarbrücken played under the name of KSG Saarbrücken from 1943.
* ³ The TSG 61 Ludwigshafen played under the name of KSG Ludwigshafen from 1943.

References

Sources

* ''Die deutschen Gauligen 1933-45 - Heft 1-3'' Tables of the Gauligas 1933–45, publisher: DSFS
* ''Kicker Almanach'', The yearbook on German football from Bundesliga to Oberliga, since 1937, published by the Kicker Sports Magazine
* ''Süddeutschlands Fussballgeschichte in Tabellenform 1897-1988'' History of Southern German football in tables, publisher & author: Ludolf Hyll

External links

*
The Gauligas
''Das Deutsche Fussball Archiv''


at RSSSF.com

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gauliga Sudwest Mainhessen
Gauliga
Defunct football leagues in Bavaria
Football competitions in Saarland
Football competitions in Hesse
Football competitions in Rhineland-Palatinate
Sports leagues established in 1933
1933 establishments in Germany
Sports leagues disestablished in 1945
1945 disestablishments in Germany