Galician-language literature is the literature written in Galician. The earliest works in Galician language are from the early 13th-century ''

trovadorismo In the Middle Ages, the Galician-Portuguese lyric, also known as ''trovadorismo'' in Portugal and ''trobadorismo'' in Galicia, was a lyric poetic school or movement. All told, there are around 1680 texts in the so-called secular lyric or ''lír ...

'' tradition. In the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...

, ''Galego-português'' (

Galician-Portuguese Galician-Portuguese ( gl, galego-portugués or ', pt, galego-português or ), also known as Old Portuguese or as Medieval Galician when referring to the history of each modern language, was a West Iberian Romance language spoken in the Middle ...

) was a language of culture, poetry (troubadours) and religion throughout not only

Galicia Galicia may refer to: Geographic regions * Galicia (Spain), a region and autonomous community of northwestern Spain ** Gallaecia, a Roman province ** The post-Roman Kingdom of the Suebi, also called the Kingdom of Gallaecia ** The medieval King ...

and

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of th ...

but also Castile. After the separation of Portuguese and Galician, Galician was considered provincial and was not widely used for literary or academic purposes. It was with the ''

Rexurdimento The ''Rexurdimento'' ( Galician for Resurgence) was a period in the History of Galicia during the 19th century. Its central feature was the revitalization of the Galician language as a vehicle of social and cultural expression after the so-calle ...

'' ("Rebirth"), in the mid-19th century that Galician was used again in literature, and then in politics. Much literature by Galician authors is written in Spanish, such as by Ignacio Ramonet or

Gonzalo Torrente Ballester Gonzalo Torrente Ballester (13 June 1910 – 27 January 1999) was a Spanish writer associated with the Generation of '36 movement. Life He was born in Serantes, Ferrol, Galicia, and received his first education there, subsequently atten ...

- though such writers tend to be excluded from discussion of Galician literature and counted as

Spanish-language literature Spanish-language literature or Hispanic literature is the sum of the literary works written in the Spanish language across the Hispanic world. The principal elements are the Spanish literature of Spain, and Latin American literature. There is al ...

. Rosalia Castro de Murguía's ''Cantares Gallegos'' (1863; Galician Songs) was the first Galician-language book to be published in four centuries. Related to literature, Chano Pineiro's 1989 ''Sempre Xonxa'' (Forever a Woman) is regarded as the first Galician-language film. The intellectual group Xeración Nós, a name that alludes to the Irish

Sinn Féin Sinn Féin ( , ; en, " eOurselves") is an Irish republican and democratic socialist political party active throughout both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The original Sinn Féin organisation was founded in 1905 by Arthur Gr ...

("We Ourselves") promoted Galician culture in the 1920s. Xeración Galaxia was established to translate modern texts that would link an independent Galician culture with the European context. The Galician translation of the Bible was begun in 1968 by Editorial SEPT and published in 1989.Harald Kittel Ubersetzung, Translation, Traduction: Ein Internationales Handbuch 2011 Page 2015 "The aim of this 'Xeración' was to translate avant-garde texts that could help link an independent Galician culture with the wider European content. ... The Galician translation of the Bible was begun in 1968 and published in 1989. "

Authors

Main authors

Middle Ages

Alfonso X of Castile Alfonso X (also known as the Wise, es, el Sabio; 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) was King of Castile, León and Galicia from 30 May 1252 until his death in 1284. During the election of 1257, a dissident faction chose him to be king of Ger ...

* Xohán de Cangas *

Martín Codax Martin Codax or Codaz, Martín Codax () or Martim Codax () was a Galician medieval ''joglar'' (non-noble composer and performer, as opposed to a ''trobador''), possibly from Vigo, Galicia in present-day Spain. He may have been active during th ...

* Mendinho

Vicente Risco Vicente Martínez Risco Agüero (October 1, 1884 – April 30, 1963) was a Galician intellectual of the 20th century. He was a founder member of Xeración Nós, and among the most important figures in the history of Galician literature. He is w ...

* Xohán Vicente Viqueira *

Evaristo Martelo Paumán Evaristo Martelo y Paumán del Nero Nuñez y Zuazo-Mondragón, 6th Marquess of Almeiras (1850–1928), was a Spanish aristocrat, writer and politician. He is known chiefly as a poet who contributed to emergence of the literary Galician and who i ...

* Xesús Ferro Couselo *

Celso Emilio Ferreiro Celso Emilio Ferreiro Míguez (1912–1979) was a Galicianist activist, writer, poet, and political journalist. Early years Ferreiro was born in Celanova, into a well-off Galicianist family. In 1932, at the age of twenty, he created the ''Moce ...

(exiled in Venezuela) *

Rafael Dieste Rafael Dieste (Rianxo, 1899–Santiago de Compostela, 1981) was a Galician poet, philosopher, short-story writer, and dramatist writing mostly in Galician language, but also in Spanish language. He began to write with the encouragement of another ...

* Eduardo Blanco Amor *

Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao Alfonso Daniel Manuel Rodríguez Castelao (30 January 1886 – 7 January 1950), commonly known as Castelao, was a Galician politician, writer, painter and doctor. He is one of the fathers of Galician nationalism, promoting Galician identi ...

(exiled in Argentina) * Fermín Bouza Brei * Carlos Casares Mouriño * Xosé Neira Vilas (exiled in Cuba) *

Antón Vilar Ponte Antón is a corregimiento in Antón District, Coclé Province, Panama. It is located near the north-western shore of the Gulf of Panama The Gulf of Panama ( es, Golfo de Panamá) is a gulf of the Pacific Ocean off the southern coast of Panam ...

* Luís Seoane (born in Argentina and exiled there and in Mexico) * Dario Xoan Cabana * Silvio Santiago (exiled in Venezuela) * Ánxel Fole * Manuel Rodriguez Lopez

Contemporary

* Manuel Rivas *

Suso de Toro Xesús Miguel "Suso" de Toro Santos (born 10 January 1956) is a Spanish writer. A modern and contemporary arts graduate, he has published more than twenty novels and plays in Galician. He is a television scriptwriter and regular contributor ...

* Xurxo Borrazás * Teresa Moure * Xosé Ramón Pena * Xosé Luís Méndez Ferrín * Pilar Pallarés * Marilar Aleixandre * Ana Romaní * Olga Novo * Estíbaliz Espinosa * Berta Dávila * María do Cebreiro *

Chus Pato María Xesús Pato Díaz (born 29 August 1955, in Ourense, Galicia), most commonly known as Chus Pato, is a Galician writer. Biography Pato is an important figure in Galician culture: she belongs to literary groups and cultural associations, suc ...

* Ismael Ramos ''For a more extensive list of Galician-language writers, see Día das Letras Galegas''

Other Authors

Federico García Lorca Federico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús García Lorca (5 June 1898 – 19 August 1936), known as Federico García Lorca ( ), was a Spanish poet, playwright, and theatre director. García Lorca achieved international recognition as an emblemat ...

. The poet from

Granada Granada (,, DIN: ; grc, Ἐλιβύργη, Elibýrgē; la, Illiberis or . ) is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the c ...

wrote "Six Galician Poems" in Galician language.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Galician Language Literature Literature by language Galician literature European literature Galician language

Authors

Main authors

Middle Ages

Dark Centuries

19th century

20th century

Contemporary

Other Authors

See also

Further reading

References