Galician-language literature is the literature written in Galician. The earliest works in Galician language are from the early 13th-century ''

trovadorismo In the Middle Ages, the Galician-Portuguese lyric, also known as ''trovadorismo'' in Portugal and ''trobadorismo'' in Galicia, was a lyric poetic school or movement. All told, there are around 1680 texts in the so-called secular lyric or ''lí ...

'' tradition. In the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...

, ''Galego-português'' (

Galician-Portuguese Galician-Portuguese ( gl, galego-portugués or ', pt, galego-português or ), also known as Old Portuguese or as Medieval Galician when referring to the history of each modern language, was a West Iberian languages, West Iberian Romance languag ...

) was a language of culture, poetry (troubadours) and religion throughout not only Galicia and

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

but also Castile. After the separation of Portuguese and Galician, Galician was considered provincial and was not widely used for literary or academic purposes. It was with the ''

Rexurdimento The ''Rexurdimento'' ( Galician for Resurgence) was a period in the History of Galicia during the 19th century. Its central feature was the revitalization of the Galician language as a vehicle of social and cultural expression after the so-calle ...

'' ("Rebirth"), in the mid-19th century that Galician was used again in literature, and then in politics. Much literature by Galician authors is written in Spanish, such as by

Ignacio Ramonet Ignacio Ramonet Miguez (born 5 May 1943) is a Spanish academic, journalist and writer who has been based in Paris for much of his career. After becoming first known for writing on film and media, he became editor-in-chief of ''Le Monde diplomatiq ...

Gonzalo Torrente Ballester Gonzalo Torrente Ballester (13 June 1910 – 27 January 1999) was a Spanish writer associated with the Generation of '36 movement. Life He was born in Serantes, Ferrol, Galicia, and received his first education there, subsequently attendi ...

- though such writers tend to be excluded from discussion of

Galician literature Galician-language literature is the literature written in Galician. The earliest works in Galician language are from the early 13th-century ''trovadorismo'' tradition. In the Middle Ages, ''Galego-português'' (Galician-Portuguese) was a language ...

and counted as

Spanish-language literature Spanish-language literature or Hispanic literature is the sum of the literary works written in the Spanish language across the Hispanic world. The principal elements are the Spanish literature of Spain, and Latin American literature. There is a ...

. Rosalia Castro de Murguía's ''Cantares Gallegos'' (1863; Galician Songs) was the first Galician-language book to be published in four centuries. Related to literature,

Chano Pineiro Chano may refer to: People *Chano (footballer, born 1961), Spanish footballer * Chano (footballer, born 1965), Spanish footballer *Sebastián Rodríguez Veloso (nickname Chano, born 1957), Spanish Paralympic swimmer * Chance the Rapper (nickname C ...

's 1989 ''Sempre Xonxa'' (Forever a Woman) is regarded as the first Galician-language film. The intellectual group

Xeración Nós Xeración Nós was a Galician nationalist intellectual group of the 1920s, which followed from the cultural Rexurdimento movement of the 19th century. The name alludes to the Irish Sinn Féin ("We Ourselves"). The group's tradition was revived by t ...

, a name that alludes to the Irish

Sinn Féin Sinn Féin ( , ; en, " eOurselves") is an Irish republican and democratic socialist political party active throughout both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The original Sinn Féin organisation was founded in 1905 by Arthur Gri ...

("We Ourselves") promoted Galician culture in the 1920s.

Xeración Galaxia The Xeración Galaxia (Galaxy Generation) were a group of Galician language writers centred on the Editorial Galaxia (founded 1950) which was established to publish and translate modern texts that would develop Galician national literature. The n ...

was established to translate modern texts that would link an independent Galician culture with the European context. The Galician translation of the Bible was begun in 1968 by Editorial SEPT and published in 1989.Harald Kittel Ubersetzung, Translation, Traduction: Ein Internationales Handbuch 2011 Page 2015 "The aim of this 'Xeración' was to translate avant-garde texts that could help link an independent Galician culture with the wider European content. ... The Galician translation of the Bible was begun in 1968 and published in 1989. "

Authors

Main authors

Middle Ages

Alfonso X of Castile Alfonso X (also known as the Wise, es, el Sabio; 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) was King of Castile, León and Galicia from 30 May 1252 until his death in 1284. During the election of 1257, a dissident faction chose him to be king of Germ ...

Xohán de Cangas Johan de Cangas (or ''Xohan de Cangas'' in an anachronistically modernized Galician form) was a ''jograr'' or non-noble troubadour, probably active during the thirteenth century. He seems to have been from—or associated with – Cangas do Morrazo, ...

Martín Codax Martin Codax or Codaz, Martín Codax () or Martim Codax () was a Galician medieval ''joglar'' (non-noble composer and performer, as opposed to a ''trobador''), possibly from Vigo, Galicia in present-day Spain. He may have been active during t ...

Mendinho Mendinho, also ''Meendinho'', ''Mendiño'' and ''Meendiño'', was a medieval Iberian poet. Nothing is known about Mendinho except by inference. Scholars generally assume from the reference to the shrine of ''San Simión'' (in the modern Isle of ...

Dark Centuries

Padre Sarmiento __NOTOC__ Padre means father in many Romance languages, and it may also refer to: Music * "Padre" (song) People * A military chaplain * A Latin Catholic priest * A member of the San Diego Padres baseball team Places * Padre Island, a barrier i ...

19th century

Rosalía de Castro María Rosalía Rita de Castro (; 23 February 1837 – 15 July 1885), was a Galician poet and novelist, considered one of the most important figures of the 19th-century Spanish literature and modern lyricism. Widely regarded as the greatest Galic ...

Manuel Murguía Manuel Antonio Martínez Murguía (17 May 1833 – 2 February 1923) was a Galician journalist and historian who created the Real Academia Galega. He was one of the main figures in Galician ''Rexurdimento'' movement. He is also remembered as Ro ...

Francisco Añón Francisco is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the masculine given name ''Franciscus''. Nicknames In Spanish, people with the name Francisco are sometimes nicknamed "Paco". San Francisco de Asís was known as ''Pater Comunitatis'' (father of ...

Manuel Curros Enríquez Manuel Curros Enríquez (September 15, 1851 - February 7, 1908) was a Galician writer and journalist in the Galician language, and is considered to be one of the leading figures of Galician culture and identity. Early life Manuel Curros Enrí ...

Eduardo Pondal Eduardo María González-Pondal Abente (February 8, 1835 – March 8, 1917) was a Galician (Spain) poet, who wrote in both Galician and Spanish. Of Hidalgo origin, Pondal was the youngest of a family of seven. From 1844 onwards he studied Lat ...

20th century

Álvaro Cunqueiro Álvaro Cunqueiro Mora (Mondoñedo, December 22, 1911 – Vigo, February 28, 1981) was a Galician novelist, poet, playwright, and journalist. He is the author of many works in both Galician and Spanish, including ''Merlín e familia'' ("Mer ...

Vicente Risco Vicente Martínez Risco Agüero (October 1, 1884 – April 30, 1963) was a Galician intellectual of the 20th century. He was a founder member of Xeración Nós, and among the most important figures in the history of Galician literature. He is we ...

* Xohán Vicente Viqueira *

Evaristo Martelo Paumán Evaristo Martelo y Paumán del Nero Nuñez y Zuazo-Mondragón, 6th Marquess of Almeiras (1850–1928), was a Spanish aristocrat, writer and politician. He is known chiefly as a poet who contributed to emergence of the literary Galician and who i ...

* Xesús Ferro Couselo *

Celso Emilio Ferreiro Celso Emilio Ferreiro Míguez (1912–1979) was a Galicianist activist, writer, poet, and political journalist. Early years Ferreiro was born in Celanova, into a well-off Galicianist family. In 1932, at the age of twenty, he created the ''Moced ...

(exiled in Venezuela) *

Rafael Dieste Rafael Dieste (Rianxo, 1899–Santiago de Compostela, 1981) was a Galician poet, philosopher, short-story writer, and dramatist writing mostly in Galician language, but also in Spanish language. He began to write with the encouragement of another ...

* Eduardo Blanco Amor *

Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao Alfonso Daniel Manuel Rodríguez Castelao (30 January 1886 – 7 January 1950), commonly known as Castelao, was a Galician politician, writer, painter and doctor. He is one of the fathers of Galician nationalism, promoting Galician identi ...

(exiled in Argentina) * Fermín Bouza Brei * Carlos Casares Mouriño * Xosé Neira Vilas (exiled in Cuba) *

Antón Vilar Ponte Antón is a corregimiento in Antón District, Coclé Province, Panama. It is located near the north-western shore of the Gulf of Panama The Gulf of Panama ( es, Golfo de Panamá) is a gulf of the Pacific Ocean off the southern coast of Pana ...

Luís Seoane Luis Seoane (1910–1979) was a lithographer and artist. Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina on June 1, 1910, of Galician immigrants, he spent much of his childhood and youth in Galicia (Spain). He was educated in A Coruña. His first exhibition was ...

(born in Argentina and exiled there and in Mexico) * Dario Xoan Cabana *

Silvio Santiago Silvio () is an Italian male name, the male equivalent of Silvia. Sílvio is a variant of the name in Portuguese. It is derived from the Latin "Silvius", meaning "spirit of the wood," and may refer to: People * Silvio Berlusconi (born 1936), Itali ...

(exiled in Venezuela) * Ánxel Fole *

Manuel Rodriguez Lopez Manuel Oreste Rodríguez López (11 December 1934, in Paradela, Lugo, Paradela, Lugo, Spain – 13 February 1990 Lugo) was a Galician poet and writer. Biography Manuel Rodriguez Lopez was born in 1934 in a hamlet in the region of Paradela, Lug ...

Contemporary

Manuel Rivas Manuel Rivas Barrós (born 24 October 1957 in A Coruña, Spain) is a Galician writer, poet and journalist. Biography Manuel Rivas Barrós began his writing career at the age of 15. He has written articles and literary essays for Spanish newspa ...

Suso de Toro Xesús Miguel "Suso" de Toro Santos (born 10 January 1956) is a Spanish writer. A modern and contemporary arts graduate, he has published more than twenty novels and plays in Galician. He is a television scriptwriter and regular contributor ...

* Xurxo Borrazás * Teresa Moure * Xosé Ramón Pena *

Xosé Luís Méndez Ferrín Xosé Luís Méndez Ferrín (Ourense, 7 August 1938) is a Galician writer and poet and is widely considered the highest representative of contemporary Galician literature. A doctor in philology, he studied philosophy at the University of Santiago ...

* Pilar Pallarés * Marilar Aleixandre * Ana Romaní *

Olga Novo Olga Novo (born 1975 in Vilarmao, A Pobra do Brollón) is a Galicia (Spain), Galician poet and essayist. She studied Galician Philology at the University of Santiago de Compostela and was a high school teacher in several Galician centres, and ...

* Estíbaliz Espinosa * Berta Dávila * María do Cebreiro * Chus Pato *

Ismael Ramos Ismael may refer to: People * Ismael Balkhi, a political activist from Afghanistan * Ismael Blanco (born 1983), an Argentine professional footballer * Ismael Prego "Wismichu", a Spanish youtuber * Ismael Villegas, a Puerto Rican Major League Bas ...

''For a more extensive list of Galician-language writers, see

Día das Letras Galegas Galician Literature Day ( gl, Día das Letras Galegas) is a public holiday observed in Galicia, Spain. It is a celebration of the Galician language and its literature which was inaugurated by the Royal Galician Academy (''Real Academia Galega' ...

Other Authors

Federico García Lorca Federico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús García Lorca (5 June 1898 – 19 August 1936), known as Federico García Lorca ( ), was a Spanish poet, playwright, and theatre director. García Lorca achieved international recognition as an emblemat ...

. The poet from

Granada Granada (,, DIN 31635, DIN: ; grc, Ἐλιβύργη, Elibýrgē; la, Illiberis or . ) is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the fo ...

wrote "Six Galician Poems" in Galician language.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Galician Language Literature Literature by language Galician literature European literature Galician language