Zhongzheng or Chungcheng () is a common name for places, roads, schools or organizations in

Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...

-speaking areas, though today predominantly in Taiwan. The majority of these places and things are named after Chiang Chung-cheng, the preferred given name of

Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary, and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1928 ...

. As a result, when translating into English or other non-Chinese languages, it sometimes would be replaced by "Chiang Kai-shek" instead of simply by transliteration. The usual official romanization of this name is either "Zhongzheng" (using the

hanyu pinyin Hanyu Pinyin (), often shortened to just pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Mandarin Chinese in China, and to some extent, in Singapore and Malaysia. It is often used to teach Mandarin, normally written in Chinese for ...

system), or "Chungcheng" (using the older Wade-Giles system). The former spelling has been standard in Taiwan since 2009 and in mainland China since 1958. Between about 2002 and 2009 in Taiwan, the variant "Jhongjheng" (using the tongyong pinyin system) was also seen. Other variations, using informal transcriptions, sometimes omit either instance of the letter "''g''", or use "''u''" and "''o''" interchangeably. The two syllables ("''Zhong''" and "''zheng''") may be separated by a hyphen or space.

Origin

The majority of these places and institutions are named after

. In imitation of the previous practice of naming important roads and institutions " Zhongshan", after one of the given names of

Sun Yat-sen Sun Yat-sen (; also known by several other names; 12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925)Singtao daily. Saturday edition. 23 October 2010. section A18. Sun Yat-sen Xinhai revolution 100th anniversary edition . was a Chinese politician who serve ...

, a large campaign to rename roads and public institutions in honour of Chiang occurred in mainland China in the 1930s and 40s after Chiang came to power, and especially in 1945 after victory against Japan under a government led by Chiang. The campaign spread to Taiwan when it was recovered by the

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...

government after the war. However, after the Republic of China lost control of mainland China to the Communist Party of China from the late 1940s, the vast majority of roads and institutions named "Zhongzheng" were renamed (whereas those named after Sun Yat-sen have remained largely unchanged). As a result, the vast majority of roads and institutions named "Zhongzheng" are now located in Taiwan. In

, ''zhongzheng'' simply means "upright", and there are some usages which predate Chiang Kai-shek, such as "''zhongzheng''" (中正), a term describing a government official of the

nine-rank system The nine-rank system, also known as the nine-grade controller system, was used to categorize and classify government officials in Imperial China. Created in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms, it was used until the Song dynasty, and sim ...

imperial China The earliest known written records of the history of China date from as early as 1250 BC, from the Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC), during the reign of king Wu Ding. Ancient historical texts such as the '' Book of Documents'' (early chapte ...

. In Japanese history, the same characters ("中正") are used in names such as the organisation "Chuuseikai" (中正会), which are also unrelated to Chiang.

Standard romanizations in Mandarin

Hanyu Pinyin Hanyu Pinyin (), often shortened to just pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Mandarin Chinese in China, and to some extent, in Singapore and Malaysia. It is often used to teach Mandarin, normally written in Chinese for ...

: ''Zhongzheng'' * Wade-Giles: ''Chungcheng'' *

MPS II Hunter syndrome, or mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), is a rare genetic disorder in which large sugar molecules called glycosaminoglycans (or GAGs or mucopolysaccharides) build up in body tissues. It is a form of lysosomal storage disease. ...

: ''Jungjeng'' * Tongyong Pinyin: ''Jhongjheng''

Usage

Administrative divisions

* Zhongzheng District (中正區), Taipei * Zhongzheng District (中正區), Keelung *

Taoyuan Zhongzheng Arts and Cultural Business District Taoyuan Zhongzheng Arts and Cultural Business District ( zh, 桃園中正藝文特區) is located on the north side of Taoyuan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. The total area of Taoyuan Zhongzheng Arts and Cultural Business District is 15.65 hecta ...

(桃園中正藝文特區), Taoyuan * There are numerous "Zhongzheng Villages" (中正里) in Taiwan.

Roads

*Many cities in Taiwan have one or more major streets called "Zhongzheng Road" or "Zhongzheng Street". *Many cities in mainland China previously had one or more major streets called "Zhongzheng Road": **Zhongzheng Road was a major east-west artery road of Shanghai, now renamed Yan'an Road.

Schools

* National Chung Cheng University (國立中正大學) is a university in Taiwan * Chung-Cheng Armed Forces Preparatory School (中正預校) is a military cadet school in Taiwan *

Chung Cheng High School Chung Cheng High School may refer to the following secondary schools in Singapore: *Chung Cheng High School (Main), in Marine Parade *Chung Cheng High School (Yishun) Chung Cheng High School (Yishun) (CCHY) is a co-educational government-aided s ...

(中正中學) is a high school in Singapore *There are numerous Zhongzheng or Chungcheng elementary schools, and junior and senior high schools in Taiwan (中正國小, 中正國中 and 中正高中 respectively): **

Taipei Municipal Zhong-zheng Senior High School Zhong-zheng Senior High School (ZZSH or CCSH; ; Tongyong Pinyin: taibei shihli jhong jheng gaojhong, Wade–Giles: t'aipei shihli chung cheng kaochung) is a public 3-year high school in Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China. History Taipei ...

in Taipei

Parks

* There are numerous Zhongzheng Parks in Taiwan: **

Zhongzheng Park The Zhongzheng Park () is a park in Jinhu Township, Kinmen County, Taiwan. History The park was established in 1976 by Kinmen County Government. In 1986, to celebrate the 100th birthday of President Chiang Kai-shek, military and civilians plan ...

Keelung Keelung () or Jilong () (; Hokkien POJ: '), officially known as Keelung City, is a major port city situated in the northeastern part of Taiwan. The city is a part of the Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area, along with its neighbors, New Taipe ...

Jinhu Township Jinhu may refer to: Mainland China *Jinhu County (金湖县), of Huai'an, Jiangsu * Jinhu, Jianhu County (阜余镇), town in Jianhu County, Jiangsu * Jinhu, Gongqingcheng (金湖镇), town in Gongqingcheng City, Jiangxi Taiwan *Jinhu, Kinmen ...

Kinmen County Kinmen, alternatively known as Quemoy, is a group of islands governed as a county by the Republic of China (Taiwan), off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It lies roughly east of the city of Xiamen in Fujian, from which it is separate ...

* There were previously Zhongzheng Parks in many cities in mainland China

Aviation

* Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport was formerly known as (officially) "Chiang Kai-shek International Airport" or (directly translated) "Chung-cheng International Airport". * Chung Cheng Aviation Museum is an aviation museum located at Taoyuan International Airport

Ships

* {{ship, ROCS, Chung Cheng is the name of several ships of the Republic of China Navy

Honours and awards

* Order of Chiang Chung-Cheng is more directly translated as the "Chung-cheng Order" * The Chung-cheng Sword was awarded by Chiang Kai-shek to graduates of the

Whampoa Military Academy The Republic of China Military Academy () is the service academy for the army of the Republic of China, located in Fengshan District, Kaohsiung. Previously known as the the military academy produced commanders who fought in many of China's ...

and as a battle honour.