''Phoxinus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

of freshwater

fish Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Leuciscidae Leuciscinae is a subfamily of the freshwater fish family Cyprinidae, which contains the true minnows. Members of the Old World (OW) clade of minnows within this subfamily are known as European minnows. As the name suggests, most members of the O ...

of order

Cypriniformes Cypriniformes is an order of ray-finned fish, including the carps, minnows, loaches, and relatives. Cypriniformes is an Order within the Superorder Ostariophysi consisting of " Carp-like" Ostariophysins. This order contains 11-12 famili ...

, and the only members of the subfamily Phoxininae, or Eurasian minnows. The

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specime ...

is ''

Phoxinus phoxinus The Eurasian minnow, minnow, or common minnow (''Phoxinus phoxinus'') is a small species of Fresh water, freshwater fish in the carp family (biology), family Cyprinidae. It is the type species of genus ''Phoxinus''. It is ubiquitous throughout mu ...

''. The other species in this genus are also commonly known as minnows. The name "minnow" was what early English fisherman used to describe "small and insignificant". The genus ''Phoxinus'' is found throughout

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago ...

, and includes 21 known

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

. Previously, members of the North American genus ''

Chrosomus ''Chrosomus'' is a genus of small cyprinid fish found in freshwater habitats in the eastern half of the United States and Canada. There are currently seven recognized species in this genus. They have sometimes been included in ''Phoxinus''. They ...

'' were also believed to form part of this genus.Strange, R.M. & Mayden, R.L. (2009): Phylogenetic Relationships and a Revised Taxonomy for North American Cyprinids Currently Assigned to ''Phoxinus'' (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae). ''Copeia, 2009 (3): 494-501.''

Species

There are currently 22 recognized species in this genus: * ''

Phoxinus apollonicus ''Phoxinus apollonicus'' is a species of small cyprinid fish from Montenegro and Albania Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern E ...

Bianco Bianco is a town and ''comune'' in the Province of Reggio Calabria, in southern Italy. It is a seaside town and a popular tourist resort. The main attractions are the remainings of an old abbey and the ruins of a Roman house. See also *Calabri ...

& De Bonis, 2015 Bianco, P.G. & De Bonis, S. (2015): A taxonomic study on the genus ''Phoxinus'' (Acthinopterigy, Cyprinidae) from Italy and western Balkans with description of four new species: ''P. ketmaieri'', ''P. karsticus'', ''P. apollonicus'' and ''P. likai''. ''In'': Bianco, P.G. & de Filippo, G. (Eds.), ''Researches on Wildlife Conservation'', 4 IGF Publ., USA., . pp. 1–22.'' * ''

Phoxinus bigerri ''Phoxinus bigerri'', the Adour minnow, is a species of minnow that was described in 2007. It is found in the Adour drainage basin in France and the Ebro basin in Spain and Andorra, it has been introduced to the Douro The Douro (, , ; es, ...

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandC ...

, 2007 (Adour minnow) * ''

Phoxinus brachyurus ''Phoxinus brachyurus'', also known as the Seven River's minnow, is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. References Phoxinus Taxa named by Lev Berg Fish described in 1912 {{Leuciscinae-stub ...

'' L. S. Berg, 1912 (Seven River's minnow) * ''

Phoxinus colchicus ''Phoxinus colchicus'' is a species of minnow that was described in 1910.It is found in southern tributaries of lower Kuban River of Russia and Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of ...

'' L. S. Berg, 1910 * ''

Phoxinus grumi ''Phoxinus grumi'' is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to China. References Phoxinus Taxa named by Lev Berg Fish described in 1907 {{Leuciscinae-stub ...

'' L. S. Berg, 1907 * ''

Phoxinus issykkulensis ''Phoxinus issykkulensis'', also known as the Issyk-kul' minnow, is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either consider ...

'' L. S. Berg, 1912 (Issyk-kul' minnow) * ''

Phoxinus jouyi ''Phoxinus jouyi'' is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to Japan. It may be a subspecies of '' Phoxinus oxycephalus''. References Phoxinus Taxa named by David Starr Jordan Taxa named by John Otterbein ...

'' ( D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1901) * '' Phoxinus karsticus''

& De Bonis, 2015 * '' Phoxinus keumkang'' ( M. K. Chyung, 1977) * '' Phoxinus ketmaieri''

& De Bonis, 2015 * '' Phoxinus kumgangensis'' L. T. Kim, 1980 :* ''Phoxinus laevis'' syn. ''P. phoxinus'' below * '' Phoxinus likai''

& De Bonis, 2015 * '' Phoxinus oxyrhynchus'' ( T. Mori, 1930) * ''

'' (

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

, 1758) (Eurasian minnow) * '' Phoxinus semotilus'' ( D. S. Jordan & Starks, 1905) * '' Phoxinus septimaniae''

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandC ...

, 2007 * ''

Phoxinus steindachneri ''Phoxinus steindachneri'' is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true minnows, and relatives like the barbs ...

'' Sauvage, 1883 * '' Phoxinus strandjae'' Drensky, 1926 (Bulgarian minnow) * '' Phoxinus strymonicus''

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandC ...

, 2007 (Aegean minnow) * '' Phoxinus tchangi'' X. Y. Chen, 1988 * '' Phoxinus ujmonensis'' Kaschenko, 1899 * '' Phoxinus lumaireul'' Schinz, 1840

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q311561 Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque Freshwater fish genera