Leytonstone High Road railway station MMB 04A 150130.jpg

Leytonstone () is an area in east London, England, north-east of Charing Cross. Part of the London Borough of Waltham Forest, a local authority district of Greater London. It adjoins Wanstead to the north-east, Forest Gate to the south-east, Stratford, London, Stratford to the south-west, Leyton to the west, and Walthamstow to the north-west.

Historically part of the ancient parish of Municipal Borough of Leyton, Leyton in the Becontree Hundred, Becontree hundred of Essex, the first documented evidence of settlement is from the 14th century, describing a Hamlet_(place), hamlet at ‘Leyton-atte-stone’; a reference to the Milestone#Roman_Empire, Roman milestone located within the area, that formed a northerm boundary of the parish. It remained largely rural until the 19th century, becoming part of the London postal district in 1856, the same year its Leytonstone tube station, railway station was opened (now on the Central line (London Underground), Central line). When Greater London was created in 1965, the Municipal Borough of Leyton merged with Chingford and Walthamstow to form the London Borough of Waltham Forest.

At the northern end of Leytonstone High Road is Green Man, Leytonstone, The Green Man; a Pub, public house and road junction, under which the A12 road (England), A12 runs. Leytonstone is noted for being the birthplace of Alfred Hitchcock, with a number of references to the filmmaker around the area, including painted mural, murals, mosaics, a public house, pub and a hotel.

History

Origins and Roman milestone

The main thoroughfare, Leytonstone High Road, is part of an ancient highway from Epping, Essex, Epping to London, on the borders of Epping Forest. A small hamlet (place), hamlet at Leytonstone had existed since the early 14th century, when it formed part of the parish of Leyton, Leyton St Mary. The name Leytonstone, originally "Leyton-atte-Stone", comes from nearby Leyton ("settlement (tun) on the River Lea") and the Roman Milestone#Roman_Empire, milestone called the High Stone.

The milestone still stands at the junction of Hollybush Hill (the A1199 road with Woodford, London, Woodford) and New Wanstead (the A113 road with Woodford Bridge), near the eastern bounds of the parish. It is a restored 18th-century obelisk set up on an earlier stump, traditionally described as a Roman milestone, possibly marking an extension of the Roman road from Great Dunmow, Dunmow to Chigwell into London. Two of the obelisk inscriptions are still just legible, others not:
:''"To Epping XI Miles through Woodford, Loughton"''
:''"To Ongar XV Miles through Woodford Bridge, Chigwell, Abridge"''

Other Roman archaeological features have been found in nearly by Leyton, including "a Roman cemetery south of Blind Lane, and massive foundations of some Roman building, with quantities of Roman brick... discovered in the grounds of Leyton Grange."J. Kenned
''A History of the Parish of Leyton, Essex''
Phelp Brothers, Leyton (1894), digital copy at [archive.org].

18th and 19th century

In 1722, author Daniel Defoe travelled through "Layton-stone, a place by some known, now as much, by the sign of the Green-Man". Leytonstone, along with Stratford, London, Stratford, Leyton and Woodford, was one of the villages Defoe called as desirable country retreats for wealthy merchants and financiers within an easy ride of the City of London, City.

Leytonstone remained largely rural until the opening of the railway at Leytonstone tube station, Leytonstone station in 1856, which gave quick and easy access to Stratford and central London. This, with increased availability of office and industrial work, had transformed the area into a suburban dormitory town by the end of the 19th century.
However, the forest land in the north and east of Leytonstone escaped development following a prolonged public campaign, when the Epping Forest Act 1878 preserved more than 200 acres (80 hectares) of open space for public use.

In 1898 the department store Bearmans, opened by Frank Bearman to sell furniture and clothing, was the first store outside central London with an escalator.

20th century

In the mid-1990s, the M11 motorway, M11 link road (A12 road (England), A12) was built through the area, despite a long-running M11 Link Road, protest by locals and Road protest in the United Kingdom, road protestors. This and other protests led to the policy, Roads for Prosperity, being abandoned. From 2001 to 2013, artists ran the 491 Gallery, a squatted social space in a building next the A12, that hosted events from exhibitions to gigs.

Areas of Leytonstone

*Bushwood, Leytonstone, Bushwood and Ferndale
*Bushwood, Leytonstone#Browning_Road_Conservation_Area, Browning Road Conservation Area
*Cann Hall
*Cathall
*Grove Green (ward), Grove Green
*Harrow Green
*Upper Leytonstone
*Wanstead Flats
*Whipps Cross, Whipps Cross and Hollow Pond

Historic Areas
*Holloway Down

Notable events

*M11 Link Road, M11 Link Road Protest between 1993 and 1995.
*The annual ''Leytonstone Festival'' was first held in 1995.
*Alfred Hitchcock, Mosaics of Hitchcock Movies unveiled at Leytonstone tube station in May 2001.
*''Leytonstone Arts Trail'' is an annual arts festival which started in 2008, where locals and artists display art in their windows and local venues.
*Leytonstone tube station attack in December 2015.
*The annual ''Leytonstone Loves Film'' with Barbican Centre, The Barbican was first held in 2019.

Notable buildings and landmarks

*Green Man, Leytonstone, The Green Man roundabout and public house at the north edge of Leytonstone, with associated statue and mosaic; it remains a signposting-point on the A12 road (England), A12.

*Leytonstone is the birth place of Sir Alfred Hitchcock. The entrance to Leytonstone tube station has mosaics of scenes from his films. Next to his birth site at 517 Leytonstone High Road, the building has been painted with a mural of birds, repeated in the pavement outside. A pub at 692 Leytonstone High Road was renamed ''The Birds'', in reference to his film ''The Birds (film), The Birds''.
*Leytonstone tube station, a post-war modernist building from 1947; designed by Thomas Bilbow, an architect for London Transport, as part of the Central_line_(London_Underground), Central line extension.
* ''Independent Buildings'' on Church Lane, an art deco building and clock constructed by a local newspaper in 1934, replacing the Gaiety Cinema. The adjoining ''Seascape House'' is of matching architectural style.
*St John The Baptist's Church, Leytonstone, St John the Baptist's Church, Leytonstone is Listed buildings, Grade II listed. Built in 1832 and consecrated in 1833, it is a landmark church at the junction of High Road Leytonstone and Church Lane. The churchyard is host to a vintage market and occasional screenings of Alfred Hitchcock films, as part of the annual Leytonstone Festival.
*St Andrew's Church, Leytonstone, Grade II listed, was built in 1886–1893 as a memorial to the local philanthropist William Cotton (banker), William Cotton and designed by Sir Arthur Blomfield.
*''Leytonstone and Wanstead Synagogue'', a post-war building in the art deco style on the corner of Fillebrook Road and Drayton Road; built in 1954 by the local Jewish community.
*Leytonstone Mosque, a 1970s adaptation of an 1880s church hall that was originally part of St John's, provides worship for up to 1000 male Sunni Muslims and a range of religious education for young boys.

*''Leytonstone House'', built 1800 and Grade II-listed, was the home of Sir Edward Buxton (conservationist), Edward Buxton, MP and conservationist, who with his brother played a big part in preserving Epping, Hainault and Hatfield forests. It housed Bethnal Green School for the juvenile poor from 1868 to 1936.
*Leytonstone Library – a Grade II* listed buildings in the London Borough of Waltham Forest, Grade II* listed art deco building built in 1934 to the design of James Ambrose Dartnall – underwent s £1.5 million refurbishment completed in 2015.

*''Harrow Green Library'', an art deco building opened in 1939 and closed in 2011 due to funding cuts; now run as a volunteer library in the same building, renamed ''The Junction''.
*''Leytonstone War Memorial and Gardens'' revealed in 1925 in remembrance of people of Leyton and Leytonstone who fought in The Great War and World War II; sited in the middle of Harrow Green, which is also the site of the modernist-style ''Wesleyan Christian Centre'', built in 1959.
*''The Red Lion'', which has had a public house on the site since 1670. The current building is from 1891, having been restored as craft beer pub, ballroom and hotel; currently owned by the pub group Antic Collective, Antic London.
*Whipps Cross University Hospital is set for redevelopment to include a brand-new hospital, along with new homes and other communal facilities. It was selected as one of six UK hospitals to receive a share of £2.7 billion of initial government funding in 2019.
*Whipps_Cross#Whipps_Cross_Lido, Whipps Cross Lido was a swimming pool dug in 1905, updated to a chlorinated facility in 1937 and closed in 1982. Some remains of the building and access road can be found near Hollow Pond on Leyton Flats.
*''Leytonstone Fire Station'', in Leytonstone High Road, was a Victorian building that was replaced in February 2016 by the current building.
*''Pastures'' and ''Good Shepherd Building'' in Davies Lane is the location of a 17th-century house and later Children's Home; now a Youth Centre and Sports Hall that was threatened with redevelopment but saved by community protest in April 2021.
*West Ham Union Workhouse, whose buildings still remain in south Leytonstone, was originally part of the village of Holloway Down, located between Harrow Green and the Thatched House junction.
*Epping Forest reaches Leytonstone in heath areas called Hollow Pond and Leyton Flats, and Wanstead Flats.

Governance

Leytonstone belonged originally to the ancient parish of Leyton in the Becontree (hundred), Becontree Hundred of Essex. It became a separate ecclesiastical parish in 1845. The parish of Leyton formed part of the West Ham Poor law union. In 1894 it became part of Leyton Urban District, which was incorporated in 1926 as the Municipal Borough of Leyton.

Leytonstone became part of the London Borough of Waltham Forest in 1965 when Greater London was created. Within the borough, it divides into four council Ward (electoral subdivision), wards, each with three Councillor#United Kingdom, councillors: Forest ward (Whipps Cross area, parts of Upper Leytonstone as far as Grove Green), Leytonstone ward (the rest of Upper Leytonstone, the town centre, Bushwood, Leytonstone, Bushwood and Ferndale areas), Cathall ward and Cann Hall ward (South Leytonstone areas).

The area forms part of the Leyton and Wanstead (UK Parliament constituency), Leyton and Wanstead parliamentary constituency. , John Cryer has held the seat for the Labour Party (UK), Labour Party. For elections to the London Assembly it is part of the North East (London Assembly constituency), North East constituency and the AM is Sem Moema of the Labour Party, who succeeded Jenette Arnold in 2021 .

Transport

Leytonstone tube station is in Travelcard Zones 3 and 4 on the Central line (London Underground), Central line of the London Underground, and serves as the last stop before the line splits into the Fairlop Loop and the branch to Epping tube station, Epping (Zone 6). Since 2016, Night Tube, night tube trains run on Friday and Saturdays on the Central line every 10 minutes between White City, London, White City and Loughton tube station, Loughton (in Essex) or Hainault tube station, Hainault via Leytonstone. A series of tiled mosaics commemorating the local film director Alfred Hitchcock line the entrance passages to the station.

Leytonstone Bus Station stands either side of exits for Leytonstone tube station; key routes include the London Buses route 257, 257 to Stratford, the W15 to Hackney, and the night bus London Buses route N8, N8 to Tottenham Court Road.

Leytonstone High Road railway station is a London Overground railway station, located in the south of Leytonstone, serving the Gospel Oak to Barking line. In 2018, the line was electrified to allow for longer trains, with an additional capacity; after engineering and supply delays, these were introduced in June 2019.

Close to the southern end of Leytonstone ( south of the Cann Hall Road boundary) is Maryland railway station in Stratford, London, Stratford; which is planned to be part of Crossrail on the Elizabeth Line.

From 25 October 2021, Leytonstone will be in London's Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ); which is to be expanding from central London up to the North Circular and South Circular roads.

Education

Leytonstone schools include:

*Buxton School, Leytonstone, Buxton School, an all-through school for ages 3–16 and Specialist Science College
*Connaught School for Girls, a specialist language school
*Davies Lane Primary School, first opened in 1901 as a Elementary school (England and Wales), board school. In 1948 it became a junior and infants school, merging into a single primary in 2004.
*George Tomlinson Primary School
*Gwyn Jones Primary School
*Leytonstone School, a specialist business and enterprise school
*Mayville Nursery and Primary School, from 2-10yo
*Norlington School, a boys' school and mixed sixth form

Sports and fitness

''Leytonstone Leisure Centre'' on Cathall Road provides a gym and 25-metre main pool, sports hall, fitness studios, and a children's soft-play area.

Wanstead Flats has 60 football pitches, including eight full size pitches. This facility is overseen by City of London Corporation and amateur football teams play every Sunday. and ''5K Parkruns'' take place in Wanstead Flats every week.

Bushwood, Leytonstone, The North Star on Browning Road is home to the ''North Star Velo cycling club''.

Leytonstone was home to the former association football team Leytonstone F.C. before it merged with Redbridge Forest F.C. and then Dagenham & Redbridge F.C., Dagenham & Redbridge football club.

In drama, film and television

*In ''The Bed-Sitting Room (play), The Bed-Sitting Room'' (1969), Spike Milligan created the (fictional) closest heir to the British throne after the outbreak of nuclear war as "Mrs. Ethel Shroake" of 393A High Street, Leytonstone. She appears in the final scene of the play.
*''Deep End (film), Deep End'', a 1970 British-German drama starring Jane Asher with a soundtrack by Can (band), Can, was partly shot on Cann Hall Road and Cathall Road Baths (built 1906, rebuilt later in 1977).
*''Small Potatoes (1999 TV series), Small Potatoes'' was a 1999 TV sitcom made by Hat Trick Productions for Channel 4, about the young manager of a video shop in Leytonstone.
*''I Proud to Be an Indian'' was a 2004 Bollywood film, about an Indian family in late 1970s Leytonstone terrorised by skinheads.
*In ''EastEnders'', the fictional character Kim Fox is from Leytonstone.

Notable people

*Damon Albarn (born 1968), singer-songwriter born in Fillebrook Road, lead singer of Blur (band), Blur.
*Eric Ashby, Baron Ashby (1904–1992), botanist, was born in Leytonstone.
*Roger Ashton-Griffiths (born 1957), actor
*David Bailey (photographer), David Bailey (born 1939), CBE, photographer, was born in Leytonstone.
*Reginald Baker (film producer), Reginald Poynton Baker (1896–1985), movie producer, father of the Conservative MP Peter Baker (British politician), Peter Baker
*Ashley Banjo (born 1988), dancer and choreographer, was born in Leytonstone.
*David Beckham OBE (born 1975), footballer (England, Manchester United, Real Madrid, LA Galaxy, AC Milan, Paris Saint-Germain), was born in Leytonstone and grew up in Chingford.
*James Bevan (1858-1938), captain of the Welsh rugby union team in its first international match, died in Leytonstone
*Reginald Horace Blyth (1898–1964), author and Oriental studies, orientalist
*Alan Booth (1946–1993), travel writer
*Patrick Brill OBE RA (born 1963) artist, writer and musician; known by the pseudonym Bob and Roberta Smith
*Edward Buxton (conservationist), Edward North Buxton (1840–1924), conservationist and liberal politician
*Cornelius Cardew (1936–1981), composer
*Carly Cole (born 1984), model, fitness trainer and wife of footballer Joe Cole
*Fanny Cradock (1909–1994), TV chef and cookery writer born in Fairlop Road, Leytonstone
*Curtis Davies (born 1985), footballer
*Cartrain (born 1991), artist
*Harris Dickinson (born 1996), actor
*Frank Dobson (sculptor), Frank Dobson (1886–1963), sculptor, lived in Cobden Road as a teenager in 1901
*John Drinkwater (playwright), John Drinkwater (1882–1937), poet and dramatist, born in Leytonstone in 1882
*Charles Eade (1903–1964), journalist, born in Leytonstone
*Eamon Everall (born 1948), artist and educator
*Ken Farnes (1911–1941), cricketer
*Henry Charles Fehr (1867–1940), sculptor, lived and worked in Leytonstone in 1886–1891.
*Joanne Fenn (born 1974), Olympic runner
*Stuart Freeborn (1914–2013), Star Wars make-up artist who was most famous as the designer of Yoda; born in Grove Green Road, had a Blue Heritage Plaque placed on his former home in December 2015.
*Graham Gooch (born 1953), OBE, cricketer, former captain of the England cricket team
*Steve Harris (musician), Steve Harris (born 1956), founder and bassist of the band Iron Maiden
*Sir Alfred Hitchcock (1899–1980), film director born and raised in the area.
*Tom Hood (1835–1874), humorist and playwright
*Sydney Horler (1888–1964), novelist
*Gavin Hoyte (born 1990), footballer
*Justin Hoyte (born 1984), footballer
*Derek Jacobi (born 1938) CBE, actor
*Jammer (rapper), Jammer (born 1982), record producer
*Colin Kazim-Richards (born 1986), footballer
*Lucy Kirkwood (born 1983), playwright and screenwriter
*Don Law (1902–1982), record producer
*Natasha Little (born 1969), actor
*Seán Mac Stíofáin (1928–2001), chief-of-staff of the Provisional IRA
*Harry MacDonald (diplomat), Harry MacDonald (born 1980), British diplomat
*Morell Mackenzie (1837–1892), research physician
*Colin Matthews (born 1946), composer
*Dominic McVey (born 1985), Britain's youngest self-made millionaire
*Jozef Piłsudski (1867–1935), Polish statesman, stayed with the Leon Wasilewski, Wasilewski family while on the run from Russia in the 1900s
*Jamie Porter (born 1993), cricketer
*Redzz (born 1987), rapper, actor, songwriter and musician
*Sir Tony Robinson (born 1946), comedian and broadcaster
*Jonathan Ross (television presenter), Jonathan Ross (born 1960), broadcaster and comedian. Went to Davies Lane primary school.
*Paul Ross (born 1956), broadcaster
*June Sarpong (born 1977) MBE, television presenter
*Rita Simons (born 1977), actress, singer and model
*Talvin Singh (born 1970), composer and musician
*Adam Smith (footballer, born 1991), Adam Smith (born 1991), footballer

*Harold Spurr (1889–1962), English cricketer
*Andros Townsend (born 1991), footballer
*Halszka Wasilewska (soldier), Halszka Wasilewska (1899–1961), soldier, daughter of Leon Wasilewski, spent her infancy here before becoming a decorated major in the Polish Armed Forces
*Leon Wasilewski (1870–1936), Polish political activist and editor lived in Leytonstone in 1898–1903
*Douglas Webb (1922–1996), dam buster and photographer

References

External links

The Leytonstoner – a community news magazine and review websiteArchives relating to Leytonstone
at The National Archives (United Kingdom)

{{Authority control

Leytonstone,
Areas of London
Districts of the London Borough of Waltham Forest
Business improvement districts in London
District centres of London