''Chthamalus'' (χθαμαλός, "flat" or "on the ground") is a
genus of
barnacle
A barnacle is a type of arthropod constituting the subclass Cirripedia in the subphylum Crustacea, and is hence related to crabs and lobsters. Barnacles are exclusively marine, and tend to live in shallow and tidal waters, typically in eros ...
s that is found along almost all non-boreal coasts of the
northern hemisphere
The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's Nort ...
, as well as many regions in the
southern hemisphere. These small barnacles have been studied in part because of the
taxonomic
Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification.
A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...
confusion over a group of species that, by and large, are
morphologically and ecologically quite similar. In recent years, molecular techniques have identified a number of
cryptic species
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...
that have been subsequently confirmed by taxonomists using morphological measurements. Most recently the genus has been shown to be
paraphyletic
In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...
, with the genus ''Microeuraphia'' nested within ''Chthamalus''.
Field Identification
Identification of barnacles in the field can be challenging, and identification of particular species of ''Chthamalus'' is not considered reliable in the field other than a few species. However, a notable distinction in the arrangement of wall plates can help biologists distinguish Chthamalid barnacles from the other common barnacles in the family Balanidae. In chthamalid barnacles, the side plates overlap both the rostrum and the carina (the plates at the ends of the opercular opening), while in balanids one end plate (the rostrum) overlaps the adjoining side plates (rostrolaterals).
Species
The following species are included in the genus ''Chthamalus'':
* ''
Chthamalus angustitergum
''Chthamalus'' (χθαμαλός, "flat" or "on the ground") is a genus of barnacles that is found along almost all non-boreal coasts of the northern hemisphere, as well as many regions in the southern hemisphere. These small barnacles have been ...
''
Pilsbry, 1916
* ''
Chthamalus anisopoma
''Chthamalus anisopoma'' is a species of intertidal barnacle. Indigenous to the northern Gulf of California, adult ''Chthamalus anisopoma'' are found on exposed shores between 0.0 and 2.0 m above mean low tide. The species is typically absent in ...
''
Pilsbry, 1916
* ''
Chthamalus antennatus
''Chthamalus antennatus'', the six-plated barnacle is a species of intertidal barnacle found in eastern and southern Australia. Growing from two centimetres wide and one centimetre high. The barnacle is found on the coast, usually on rocks at or ...
''
Darwin, 1854
* ''
Chthamalus barnesi
''Chthamalus'' (χθαμαλός, "flat" or "on the ground") is a genus of barnacles that is found along almost all non-boreal coasts of the northern hemisphere, as well as many regions in the southern hemisphere. These small barnacles have been ...
''
Achituv & Safriel, 1980
* ''
Chthamalus bisinuatus
''Chthamalus'' (χθαμαλός, "flat" or "on the ground") is a genus of barnacles that is found along almost all non-boreal coasts of the northern hemisphere, as well as many regions in the southern hemisphere. These small barnacles have been ...
''
(Pilsbry, 1916)
* ''
Chthamalus challengeri
''Chthamalus'' (χθαμαλός, "flat" or "on the ground") is a genus of barnacles that is found along almost all non-boreal coasts of the northern hemisphere, as well as many regions in the southern hemisphere. These small barnacles have been ...
''
Hoek, 1883
* ''
Chthamalus dalli
''Chthamalus dalli'', the little brown barnacle, is a species of barnacle in the family Chthamalidae
The Chthamalidae are a family of chthamaloid barnacles, living entirely in intertidal/subtidal habitats, characterized by a primary shell w ...
''
Pilsbry, 1916 (little brown barnacle)
* ''
Chthamalus dentatus
''Chthamalus dentatus'', the tooth barnacle, is a species of star barnacle in the family Chthamalidae
The Chthamalidae are a family of chthamaloid barnacles, living entirely in intertidal/subtidal habitats, characterized by a primary shell ...
''
Krauss, 1848 (tooth barnacle)
* ''
Chthamalus fissus''
Darwin, 1854
* ''
Chthamalus fragilis
''Chthamalus fragilis'' is a small gray barnacle found in the upper intertidal zone of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, from approximately Cape Cod southward to Florida and into the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. It is also commonly known as littl ...
''
Darwin, 1854 (fragile barnacle)
* ''
Chthamalus hedgecocki
''Chthamalus hedgecocki'' is a species of star barnacle in the family Chthamalidae
The Chthamalidae are a family of chthamaloid barnacles, living entirely in intertidal/subtidal habitats, characterized by a primary shell wall of eight, six, ...
''
Pitombo & Burton, 2007
* ''
Chthamalus malayensis
''Chthamalus malayensis'' is a species of star barnacle in the family Chthamalidae
The Chthamalidae are a family of chthamaloid barnacles, living entirely in intertidal/subtidal habitats, characterized by a primary shell wall of eight, six, ...
''
Pilsbry, 1916
* ''
Chthamalus montagui
''Chthamalus montagui'', common name Montagu's stellate barnacle, is a species of acorn barnacle common on rocky shores in South West England, Ireland, and Southern Europe.
The vertical distribution of ''C. montagui'' overlaps with that of ''Ch ...
''
Southward, 1976 (montagu's stellate barnacle)
* ''
Chthamalus moro
''Chthamalus'' (χθαμαλός, "flat" or "on the ground") is a genus of barnacles that is found along almost all non-boreal coasts of the northern hemisphere, as well as many regions in the southern hemisphere. These small barnacles have been ...
''
Pilsbry, 1916
* ''
Chthamalus newmani
''Chthamalus'' (χθαμαλός, "flat" or "on the ground") is a genus of barnacles that is found along almost all non-boreal coasts of the northern hemisphere, as well as many regions in the southern hemisphere. These small barnacles have been ...
''
Chan, 2016
* ''
Chthamalus panamensis
''Chthamalus'' (χθαμαλός, "flat" or "on the ground") is a genus of barnacles that is found along almost all non-boreal coasts of the northern hemisphere, as well as many regions in the southern hemisphere. These small barnacles have been ...
''
Pilsbry, 1916
* ''
Chthamalus proteus
''Chthamalus'' (χθαμαλός, "flat" or "on the ground") is a genus of barnacles that is found along almost all non-boreal coasts of the northern hemisphere, as well as many regions in the southern hemisphere. These small barnacles have been ...
''
Dando & Southward, 1980 (Atlantic barnacle)
* ''
Chthamalus sinensis
''Chthamalus'' (χθαμαλός, "flat" or "on the ground") is a genus of barnacles that is found along almost all non-boreal coasts of the northern hemisphere, as well as many regions in the southern hemisphere. These small barnacles have been ...
''
Ren, 1984
* ''
Chthamalus southwardi
''Chthamalus'' (χθαμαλός, "flat" or "on the ground") is a genus of barnacles that is found along almost all non-boreal coasts of the northern hemisphere, as well as many regions in the southern hemisphere. These small barnacles have been ...
''
Poltarukha, 2000
* ''
Chthamalus southwardorum
''Chthamalus'' (χθαμαλός, "flat" or "on the ground") is a genus of barnacles that is found along almost all non-boreal coasts of the northern hemisphere, as well as many regions in the southern hemisphere. These small barnacles have been ...
''
Pitombo & Burton, 2007
* ''
Chthamalus stellatus''
(Poli, 1791) (poli's stellate barnacle)
* ''
Chthamalus williamsi
''Chthamalus'' (χθαμαλός, "flat" or "on the ground") is a genus (biology), genus of barnacles that is found along almost all non-boreal coasts of the northern hemisphere, as well as many regions in the southern hemisphere. These small bar ...
''
Chan & Cheang, 2015
* † ''
Chthamalus graziani''
Carriol, 2008
* † ''
Chthamalus ligusticus''
de Alessandri, 1895
* † ''
Chthamalus nasus
''Chthamalus'' (χθαμαλός, "flat" or "on the ground") is a genus of barnacles that is found along almost all non-boreal coasts of the northern hemisphere, as well as many regions in the southern hemisphere. These small barnacles have bee ...
''
Carriol, 2008
* † ''
Chthamalus robustus
''Chthamalus'' (χθαμαλός, "flat" or "on the ground") is a genus of barnacles that is found along almost all non-boreal coasts of the northern hemisphere, as well as many regions in the southern hemisphere. These small barnacles have been ...
''
Carriol, 2008
References
Barnacles
Taxa named by Camillo Ranzani
Maxillopoda genera
{{Maxillopoda-stub
