''Bufo'' is a
genus of
true toads in the
amphibian family
Bufonidae. As traditionally defined, it was a
wastebasket genus containing a large number of toads from much of the world, but following
taxonomic
Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification.
A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...
reviews most of these have been moved to other genera, leaving only seventeen extant (living) species from Europe, northern Africa and Asia in this genus, including the well-known
common toad (''B. bufo'').
[ Some of the genera that contain species formerly placed in ''Bufo'' are '' Anaxyrus'' (many North American species), '' Bufotes'' ( European green toad and relatives), '' Duttaphrynus'' (many Asian species, including the Asian common toad introduced elsewhere), '']Epidalea
The natterjack toad (''Epidalea calamita'') is a toad native to sandy and heathland areas of Europe. Adults are 60–70 mm in length, and are distinguished from common toads by a yellow line down the middle of the back and parallel paratoid ...
'' (natterjack toad) and ''Rhinella
''Rhinella'', commonly known as South American toads, beaked toads or Rio Viejo toads, is a genus of true toads native to Neotropical parts of Mexico, Central and South America. Additionally, the cane toad has been introduced to Australia, the Ca ...
'' (many Latin American species, including the cane toad introduced elsewhere).
Description
True toads have in common stocky figures and short legs, which make them relatively poor jumpers. Their dry skin is thick and "warty".
Behind their eyes, ''Bufo'' species have wart-like structures, the parotoid glands. These glands distinguish the true toads from all other tailless amphibians. They secrete a fatty, white poisonous substance which acts as a deterrent to predators. Contrary to folk belief, handling toads does not cause warts, however due to the poison they secrete, and bacteria on their skins, a person should wash their hands thoroughly after handling one.Penn State University - How safe is it to hold frogs and toads?
/ref> The poison of most if not all toads contains bufotoxin.
Species
Formerly, the genus ''Bufo'' encompassed many species and was divided into several subgenera. Frost et al. (2006) removed most of the species of former ''Bufo'' to other genera and restricted the name ''Bufo'' to members of the ''Bufo bufo'' group of earlier authors.[Pauly et al., (2009). ''Herpetologica'' 65:115-128.] Now, this genus has been reduced to seventeen extant species:
Footnotes
References
amphibiaweb.org - Bufo
* Blair (ed.), 1972, Evol. Genus Bufo.
* Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World
*
* (2004) The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (''Bufo''). ''Evolution'' ''58'': 2517–2535.
* (2009): Taxonomic freedom and the role of official lists of species names. ''Herpetologica'' 65: 115–128.
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{{Taxonbar, from=Q639022
Amphibian genera
