Fereidoon Tavallali
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Fereidoon Tavallali or Fereydoun Tavallali ( fa, فريدون توللى) 1917,
Shiraz Shiraz (; fa, شیراز, Širâz ) is the List of largest cities of Iran, fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars province, Fars Province, which has been historically known as Pars (Sasanian province), Pars () and Persis. As o ...
- March 1985, Shiraz)."Biography."
Farrokh Tamimil organisation. Accessed 30 May 2010.
was an
Iranian Iranian may refer to: * Iran, a sovereign state * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran * Iranian lan ...
poet, political commentator, archeologist and considered intellectual.Milani A
"Eminent Persians: The Men and Women who Made Modern Iran, 1941-1979."
Syracuse University Press, 2008 Vol 1 p148. , 9780815609070.
In poetry, Tavallali is of a second generation of Iranian modernists, the ''nowpardaz'' (''New Wave'' poets).Manoukian S
"City of Knowledge in Twentieth Century Iran: Shiraz, History and Poetry."
Routledge 2012 p186. , 9781136627170.


Biography

Tavallali was born in
Shiraz Shiraz (; fa, شیراز, Širâz ) is the List of largest cities of Iran, fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars province, Fars Province, which has been historically known as Pars (Sasanian province), Pars () and Persis. As o ...
,
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
. His father, Jalal Tavallali, was a dignitary and treasurer the Tavallali clan. His mother, Khadijeh, was the daughter of Haj Shanbeh, a chamberlain in Ilkani Ghashgaee. The Tavallali family had cultural roots among the Qashqai nomads of the mountains of Fars Province. They served as the ''motevalli'' (guardians) of the ''astaneh'' (Islamic shrine) of Seyed Ala-Ed-Din-Hossei, Shiraz.


Education

Tavallali was educated at home with private literary tutors. He studied
Persian poetry Persian literature ( fa, ادبیات فارسی, Adabiyâte fârsi, ) comprises oral compositions and written texts in the Persian language and is one of the world's oldest literatures. It spans over two-and-a-half millennia. Its sources h ...
at an early age. The messages and philosophies of Roudaki,
Ferdowsi Abul-Qâsem Ferdowsi Tusi ( fa, ; 940 – 1019/1025 CE), also Firdawsi or Ferdowsi (), was a Persians, Persian poet and the author of ''Shahnameh'' ("Book of Kings"), which is one of the world's longest epic poetry, epic poems created by a sin ...
, Nezami, Saadi,
Hafez Khwāje Shams-od-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī ( fa, خواجه شمس‌‌الدین محمّد حافظ شیرازی), known by his pen name Hafez (, ''Ḥāfeẓ'', 'the memorizer; the (safe) keeper'; 1325–1390) and as "Hafiz", ...
, and
Rumi Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī ( fa, جلال‌الدین محمد رومی), also known as Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Balkhī (), Mevlânâ/Mawlānā ( fa, مولانا, lit= our master) and Mevlevî/Mawlawī ( fa, مولوی, lit= my ma ...
influenced him. His family and Qashqai heritage also provided a cultural context for his literary development. He wrote his first poem at age 11. At that time, Shiraz was a centre of poetic and literary culture, not only due to its historical nature but also because the government banned most other avenues of sociopolitical activity and expression. Tavallali was also influenced by Mehdi Hamidi Shirazi, a teacher at Sultan High School and a popular local poet.معاصران فريدون توللى : فراز و فرود / "Muʻāṣirān-i Farīdūn Tavallalī : farāz va furūd."


High school

During his high school years, Tavallali created and participated in school poetry circles and social clubs. He had numerous confrontations with authorities over his controversial speeches and writings which resulted in him being expelled from three high schools. Tavallali later received his high school diploma through external examinations.


University

In 1938, Tavallali enrolled at
Tehran University The University of Tehran (Tehran University or UT, fa, دانشگاه تهران) is the most prominent university located in Tehran, Iran. Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as its research and teaching pro ...
and studied
linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguis ...
with
Parviz Natel Khanlari Parviz Natel Khanlari ( fa, پرویز ناتل خانلری; March 20, 1914 – August 23, 1990) was an Iranian literary scholar, linguist, author, researcher, politician, and professor at Tehran University. Biography Parviz Natel Khanlari g ...
and archeology. In 1942, after graduating, he returned to Shiraz and joined the Culture Ministry, with responsibilities in research in the archaeology field. Tavallali was employed at the
Pars Museum of Shiraz The Pars Museum (Persian: موزه پارس) is a museum in Shiraz, Fars Province, southern Iran. Founded in 1936 under Reza Shah Pahlavi, it is located in Nazar Garden. The octagonal building was the place in which royal guests were hosted ...
, where he met Mahin Farbood. She shared his interest in poetry and eventually published several collections of verses. In 1942, Tavallali married Farbood.


Writing


Political commentary

In the 1940s, Tavallali was prolific. Not only did he write poetry but also political commentary for publication in the journals of Shiraz and Tehran. During the period of
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
n occupation of Iran (1941 - 1946), Tavallali joined the local
communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
party, the ''Tudeh'' (Mass) party. He published articles in the journals Sourouch in Shiraz and Korshide Iran and Iranema in Teheran. In 1946, a compilation of his articles was published under the title, ''Al-Tafasil''."التفاصيل " (''al-Tafāsīl'')
Kānūn-i Tarbiyat, Shīrāz oclc 26003061 Accessed 5 November 2013.


Poetry

Like other poets of his time (Shamlu, Akhavan and Forugh), Tavallali experimented with the style of
Nima Yooshij Nimā Yushij ( fa, نیما یوشیج) (11 November 1895 – 4 January 1960), also called Nimā (), born Ali Esfandiāri (), was an Iranian poet. He is famous for his style of poetry which he popularized, called ''she'r-e now'' (, lit. "new p ...
. Their poetry was in prose style with elements of
Dadaism Dada () or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century, with early centres in Zürich, Switzerland, at the Cabaret Voltaire (in 1916). New York Dada began c. 1915, and after 1920 Dada flourished in Paris ...
, automatism,
futurism Futurism ( it, Futurismo, link=no) was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy, and to a lesser extent in other countries, in the early 20th century. It emphasized dynamism, speed, technology, youth, violence, and objects such ...
and
surrealism Surrealism is a cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists depicted unnerving, illogical scenes and developed techniques to allow the unconscious mind to express itself. Its aim was, according to l ...
.


Archeology

In the early 1950s, he participated in an
archaeological Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscap ...
expedition to Shush and
Pasargadae Pasargadae (from Old Persian ''Pāθra-gadā'', "protective club" or "strong club"; Modern Persian: ''Pāsārgād'') was the capital of the Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great (559–530 BC), who ordered its construction and the location of ...
. In 1961, he was designated to work on the Elamite city of
Anshan (Persia) Anshan (Elamite cuneiform: ; sux, , ) modern Tall-e Malyan ( fa, تل ملیان), was an Elamite and ancient Persian city. It was located in the Zagros Mountains in southwestern Iran, approximately north of Shiraz and west of Persepolis ...
. He produced art works in Takht-e Jamshid,
Fasa Fasa ( fa, فسا, Fasā, also Romanized as Fassa) is a city and capital of Fasa County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 110,825, in 33,379 families. Fasa is the fourth most populous city of the province. The city date ...
, and
Darab Darab ( fa, داراب, translit=Dārāb) — formerly Darabkert, or Darábgerd ("city of Darius")— is a city and capital of Darab County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 54,513, in 13,279 families. Historical ...
. He moved to general management of
Pars Pars may refer to: * Fars Province of Iran, also known as Pars Province * Pars (Sasanian province), a province roughly corresponding to the present-day Fars, 224–651 * ''Pars'', for ''Persia'' or ''Iran'', in the Persian language * Pars News A ...
Archaeology Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscap ...
and was appointed as a consultant for Iran in this field.


Works

* ''Al-Tafasil'' * ''Pouye'' * ''Raha'' (Tehran 1950) * ''Karvan'' * ''Nafe'' * ''Bazgasht'' * ''Le Coeur Hospitalier'' * ''Mary''Arberry A. J. (Ed.
"Persian Poems: An Anthology of Verse Translations."
Alhoda, United Kingdom 2005 p86 , 9789643063023


References

* *


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Tavallali, Fereidoon 1917 births 1985 deaths 20th-century Iranian poets Qashqai people Iranian male poets 20th-century male writers Faculty of Letters and Humanities of the University of Tehran alumni