Fearless Girl

''Fearless Girl'' is a bronze sculpture by Kristen Visbal, on Broad Street across from the New York Stock Exchange Building in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City. The statue was installed on March 7, 2017, in anticipation of International Women's Day the following day. It depicts a girl promoting female empowerment.

''Fearless Girl'' was commissioned by State Street Global Advisors (SSGA), a large asset management company, to advertise for an index fund that comprises gender-diverse companies that have a relatively high percentage of women among their senior leadership. A plaque originally placed below the statue stated: "Know the power of women in leadership. SHE makes a difference," with "SHE" being both a descriptive pronoun and the fund's NASDAQ ticker symbol.

The statue was first installed at the northern tip of Bowling Green on Broadway, facing down the ''Charging Bull'' statue. Following complaints from that statue's sculptor, Arturo Di Modica, it was removed in November 2018 and relocated to its current location the following month. A plaque with footprints was placed on the original site of ''Fearless Girl''.

Description

''Fearless Girl'' measures approximately tall and weighs about . As first placed, it faced ''Charging Bull'', a much larger and heavier bronze statue that is tall and weighs .

''Fearless Girl'' is meant to "send a message" about workplace gender diversity and encourage companies to recruit women to their boards. The plaque below the statue stated: "Know the power of women in leadership. SHE makes a difference," with SHE referring to both the gender of the subject and the NASDAQ ticker symbol of a SSGA supported and gender diverse index fund.

The commission by State Street Global Advisors specified that the statue should depict a girl with hands on her hips and chin up, with a height of 36 inches, which Kristen Visbal and her collaborators then increased to 50 inches, to better match the size of ''Charging Bull''. Still, Visbal commented that "I made sure to keep her features soft; she's not defiant, she's brave, proud, and strong, not belligerent". She modeled the sculpture on two children from Delaware "so everyone could relate to the Fearless Girl."

History

The statue was installed on March 7, 2017—the day before International Women's Day—by State Street Global Advisors, in a campaign developed by advertising agency McCann New York. SSGA was celebrating the first anniversary of its "Gender Diversity Index" fund that "invests in U.S. large-capitalization companies that rank among the highest in their sector in achieving gender diversity across senior leadership". The concept for the statue was developed by Senior Art Director Lizzie Wilson and Senior Copywriter Tali Gumbiner. Wilson and Gumbiner established both the idea for the statue as well as the overall look of the girl using countless moodboards and imagery, which Visbal referenced.

''Fearless Girl'' was originally given a one-week City Hall permit that was later extended to 30 days. Later, it was announced that the statue would remain in place through February 2018. Among those advocating for the statue to stay longer was U.S. Representative Carolyn Maloney of New York's 12th congressional district, who stated, "This statue has touched hearts across the world with its symbolism of the resiliency of women." New York City Public Advocate Letitia James wrote a letter that supported keeping the statue, "Fearless Girl stands as a powerful beacon, showing women—young and old—that no dream is too big and no ceiling is too high".

A petition on Change.org asking for the statue to be made permanent gathered 2,500 signatures in its first 48 hours. Efforts to make the statue permanent continued after the statue was granted a one-year permit. In April 2018, after ''Fearless Girl'' had been in place for thirteen months, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio announced that both ''Charging Bull'' and ''Fearless Girl'' would be moved to a location facing the New York Stock Exchange. The move would occur before the end of 2018.

The statue was removed from its original location at Bowling Green on November 28, 2018. On the spot where the statue stood was placed a marker which read, "''Fearless Girl'' is on the move to the New York Stock Exchange. Until she's there, stand for her." The plaque has footprints where people can stand. The statue was unveiled on December 10 at its new site facing the New York Stock Exchange Building.

the statue's presence still relies on a temporary permit, the dispute over the rights to the figure is ongoing and the statue's future is not permanently decided. The Landmarks Preservation Commission met on December 14, 2021, and decided to renew its permit, but then handed over the decision to the Public Design Commission. In turn, the PDC granted an 11 month permit extension, but also charged SSGA and Visbal to reach an agreement on a permanent location.

Reactions

Juxtaposition with ''Charging Bull''

Di Modica, who installed ''Charging Bull'' in 1989, asked that the statue of the girl be removed, arguing that the piece exploited his work for commercial purposes and altered the perception of the bull. He called ''Fearless Girl'' "an advertising trick" that he wanted relocated.

On April 12, 2017, Di Modica and his attorney, former New York Civil Liberties Union director Norman Siegel, challenged city officials who let the ''Fearless Girl'' statue be installed. Di Modica said that the statue corrupted ''Charging Bull'' artistic integrity by distorting the intent of his statue from "a symbol of prosperity and for strength" into a villain, and does so for SSGA's commercial gain. Siegel said a lawsuit had not been filed as of yet. De Blasio supported keeping the statue, tweeting that "Men who don't like women taking up space are exactly why we need the Fearless Girl."

Feminist concerns

Some women criticized the statue as " corporate feminism" that violated their own feminist principles. ''The New York Times'' columnist Ginia Bellafante called it "an exercise in corporate imaging" by State Street, which, she wrote, had entered into a deferred prosecution agreement with the United States Department of Justice, agreeing to pay more than $64 million to resolve fraud charges for secretly billing clients for unwarranted commissions. "Corporate feminism", she wrote, "operates with the singular goal of aiding and abetting a universe of mothers who tuck their daughters in at night whispering, 'Someday, honey, you can lead the emerging markets and sovereign debt team at Citigroup, and then become a director at Yahoo. Christine Emba, an opinion writer for ''The Washington Post'', wrote that the statue "portrays the empowered woman as a child, reinforcing the idea of femaleness as cute and inoffensive—a child with potential, maybe, but not all the way there."

Disputes over commercial rights

On February 14, 2019, State Street Global Advisors filed a lawsuit against Kristen Visbal, claiming that she has made and sold replicas of the statue in violation of her contract with the company. The suit claims the artist made at least three unauthorized ''Fearless Girl'' reproductions that could damage the company's global campaign in support of female leadership and gender diversity. Court filings reported that replica ''Fearless Girl'' statues were selling for as much as $250,000.

On February 25, 2021, SSGA took Australian law firm Maurice Blackburn (MBL) to the Federal Court in Australia alleging that one of ''Fearless Girl'' replicas constituted copyright and trademark infringement. Justice Jonathan Beach ruled in MBL's favor, finding there was no violation of SSGA's trademark, since the replica's name “fearless girl” was used in a descriptive way. In other words, MBL was able to rely upon the defense of acting in good faith under s.122(1)(b)(i) of Trade Marks Act 1995. The copyright infringement claim under s.36 Copyright Act 1968 also failed as MBL was able to rely upon the defense of innocent infringement. Overall, this meant that MBL is able to display its Australian replica legally.

The permit for the statue's placement on city-owned property expired on November 23, 2021, though Visbal sought its renewal. There was a dispute over what rights are held by the artist and State Street Global Advisors. Specifically, while SSGA claimed to have commissioned the work, these claims were challenged in court filings in the lawsuit between SSGA and Visbal. In April 2022, the city decided to extend the sculpture's permits by 11 months but required Visbal and SSGA to come up with plans for a permanent location within six months.

Other incidents

On May 29, 2017, artist Alex Gardega added a statue of a small dog, titled ''Peeing Pug'', next to the Fearless Girl and removed it after approximately three hours.

Gothamist reported on March 20, 2017, that masked activists had covered the statue in "Make America Great Again" apparel and a US flag. They also placed pro-Donald Trump signs on it, including one reading "VETS B4 ILLEGALS" and another with a drawing of Pepe the Frog.

On October 6, 2017, State Street, the company that funded ''Fearless Girl'', paid $5 million to settle a lawsuit from its female and minority employees who alleged the company violated equal pay rights.

The statue was given a lace collar in respect of Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg death in 2020.

During the Corona virus pandemic, the statue was frequently seen wearing a face mask.

In November 2022 the Oslo statue was moved in front of the Iranian embassy in Drammensveien in support of women of Iran and the Mahsa Amini protests.

Effect of publicity

As reported by Bloomberg News, analysts from marketing firm Apex Marketing estimated that the statue resulted in $7.4 million in free publicity for SSGA as of April 2017, broken down into $201,075 worth of free radio coverage, $393,047 worth of free social media coverage, $3,115,751 worth of free TV coverage, and $3,729,926 worth of free online/print news coverage.

Awards

* The Most Next Award, 2018 Association of Independent Commercial Producers (AICP) Next Awards
* Grand Effie – best in show, North American Effie Awards
* ''Fearless Girl'' won 18 Cannes Lions at the 2017 Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity:
** Titanium: Grand Prix
** Outdoor: Grand Prix, one gold
** PR: Grand Prix, one gold, one silver
** Glass: Grand Prix
** Promo and Activation: Two golds, one silver
** Media: Two golds
** Direct: Two golds, one silver, one bronze
** Design: Two golds

''Fearless Girl'' is one of only two campaigns that have ever won four Grand Prix at Cannes. It won in the Glass (which deals with marketing addressing gender inequality) and PR categories, and tying for first in the Outdoor category alongside a campaign by Twitter.

Reproductions

A reproduction of the sculpture was unveiled outside the Grand Hotel in the Norwegian city of Oslo on March 8, 2018, as a permanent addition. It faces the Norwegian parliament Stortinget.

Reports indicate another reproduction being installed in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2018, later moved to Cape Town. This is not a replica of ''Fearless Girl'', but instead a piece inspired by Visbal's work called ''Fearless Thinker'', created by local artist Marieke Prinsloo-Rowe.

A reproduction was revealed by Kristen Visbal at Federation Square in Melbourne, Australia, before Women's Day at March 8, 2019. It is planned to stand there for four years. This replica became the subject of a federal lawsuit, when SSGA, the company that originally commissioned Visbal, sued for its removal in an attempt to stop the spread of replicas around the world. In 2021, Australia's Federal Court threw out the lawsuit.

A reproduction was placed in Paternoster Square, near the London Stock Exchange between March and June 2019.

In March 2019, a private boarding school for girls in Stevensville, MD (St. Timothy's School), displayed a reproduction permanently placed on its campus.

See also

* 2017 in art
* Day Without a Woman, a protest held on March 8, 2017
* Women in business

References

{{State Street

2017 establishments in New York City
2017 in women's history
2017 sculptures
2018 establishments in Norway
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Bronze sculptures in New York City
Feminist art
Financial District, Manhattan
Gender equality
Outdoor sculptures in Manhattan
Outdoor sculptures in Norway
Relocated buildings and structures in New York City
Sculptures of children in Norway
Sculptures of children in the United States
Sculptures of women in New York City
Statues in New York City
Statues in Norway
Bowling Green (New York City)