The Eastern Front (

Modern Turkish Turkish ( , ), also referred to as Turkish of Turkey (''Türkiye Türkçesi''), is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 80 to 90 million speakers. It is the national language of Turkey and Northern Cyprus. Significant smal ...

: ''Şark Cephesi'' or ''Doğu Cephesi'') was one of the fronts of the Army of the Grand National Assembly during the

Turkish War of Independence The Turkish War of Independence "War of Liberation", also known figuratively as ''İstiklâl Harbi'' "Independence War" or ''Millî Mücadele'' "National Struggle" (19 May 1919 – 24 July 1923) was a series of military campaigns waged by th ...

. Its commanded all military units in Eastern Region. At first, its headquarters was located at

Erzurum Erzurum (; ) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is the largest city and capital of Erzurum Province and is 1,900 meters (6,233 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 367,250 in 2010. The city uses the double-headed eagle as ...

, and moved to Sarıkamış, then

Kars Kars (; ku, Qers; ) is a city in northeast Turkey and the capital of Kars Province. Its population is 73,836 in 2011. Kars was in the ancient region known as ''Chorzene'', (in Greek Χορζηνή) in classical historiography (Strabo), part of ...

during the

Turkish–Armenian War The Turkish–Armenian war ( hy, Հայ-թուրքական պատերազմ), known in Turkey as the Eastern Front ( tr, Doğu Cephesi) of the Turkish War of Independence, was a conflict between the First Republic of Armenia and the Turkish N ...

(which itself is usually referred to synecdochically as the Eastern Front of the Turkish War of Independence). The Eastern Front has its foundations in remnants of the

XV Corps 15th Corps, Fifteenth Corps, or XV Corps may refer to: * XV Corps (British India) *XV Corps (German Empire), a unit of the Imperial German Army prior to and during World War I *15th Army Corps (Russian Empire), a unit in World War I * XV Royal Bav ...

of the

Ottoman Army The military of the Ottoman Empire ( tr, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun silahlı kuvvetleri) was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire. Army The military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the ...

. It engaged in the

and the Georgian operations.

Formations

Order of battle of the XV Corps, April 2, 1919

On April 2, 1919, the XV Corps was organized as follows:''Türk İstiklâl Harbi'' III ncü Cilt: Doğu Cephesi (1919 - 1921), Genelkurmay Askerî Tarih ve Stratejik Etüt Başkanlığı Yayınları, Genelkurmay Basım Evi, Ankara, 1995, , pp .45-48. *3rd Caucasian Division (commander:

Kaymakam Kaymakam, also known by many other romanizations, was a title used by various officials of the Ottoman Empire, including acting grand viziers, governors of provincial sanjaks, and administrators of district kazas. The title has been retaine ...

Halid Bey (Karsıalan), chief of staff: Kurmay

Binbaşı A ''binbashi'', alternatively ''bimbashi'', (from tr, Binbaşı, "chief of a thousand", "chiliarch") is a major in the Turkish army, of which term originated in the Ottoman army. The title was also used for a major in the Khedivial Egyptian a ...

Yusuf Kemal Bey, Tortum - Isısu - Zivin - Girekösek areas, headquarters: Girekösek, present-day Yeşildere) **7th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Zivin, moved to Trabzon) **8th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Tortum, moved to Gümüşhane) **11th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (İspir, moved to Hopa) **3rd Artillery Regiment **Cavalry company **Health company * 9th Caucasian Division (commander: Miralay Rushidi Bey, chief of staff: Kurmay Binbaşı Fahri Bey, Erzurum - Hasankale areas, headquarters: Erzurum) **17th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Erzurum, moved to Erzincan and Mamahatun areas) **28th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Hasankale, Bayburt, Hat areas) **29th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Hasankale) **9th Artillery Regiment (Hasankale) **Cavalry company **Health company * 11th Caucasian Division (commander: Kaymakam Djavid Bey (Erdel), chief of staff: Kurmay Binbaşı Veysel Bey (Ünüvar), Doğubayazıt - Van - Erniş areas, headquarters:

Van A van is a type of road vehicle used for transporting goods or people. Depending on the type of van, it can be bigger or smaller than a pickup truck and SUV, and bigger than a common car. There is some varying in the scope of the word across th ...

) **18th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Doğubayazıt area) **33rd Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Erniş) **34th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Van) **11th Artillery Regiment (1st Battalion - Van, 2nd Battalion - Erniş) **Cavalry company (Van) **Health company (Van) * 12th Division (commander: Kaymakam Osman Nuri Bey (Koptagel), chief of staff: Kurmay Yüzbaşı Yusuf Kâmil Bey, Kötek - Tuti - Kamasor present-day Yolaçan, Kars) areas, headquarters: Ali Çeyrek in

Horasan Horasan ( ku, Xoresan), is a town and district of Erzurum Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The mayor is Abdulkadir Aydın ( SP). In 2008 the population of the town was 17,661 while that of the Horasan district was 43,852. Ho ...

) **34th Infantry Regiment (between Horasan and Zirin) **35th Infantry Regiment (Pasin Karakilisesi area) **36th Infantry Regiment (Horasan) **12th Artillery Regiment (one battalion - Tuti, one battalion - Kamasor) **Cavalry company **Health company *15th Infantry Regiment *15th Cavalry Regiment (commander: Miralay Mehmed Bey) *15th Artillery Regiment (commander: Miralay Faruk Bey) *15th Engineer Company *15th Construction Company *15th Transport Company *11th Transport Company *Transport Company *Headquarters Cavalry Company *Flight Squadron *Telegraph Company *Service Company *Wireless Telegraph Company *Military Band Company *

Erzurum Fortified Area Command Erzurum (; ) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is the largest city and capital of Erzurum Province and is 1,900 meters (6,233 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 367,250 in 2010. The city uses the double-headed eagle as ...

**Heavy Artillery Regiment **Engineer Battalion **Wireless Telegraph Detachment **Searchlight Detachment

Order of Battle of the XV Corps, May 15, 1919

On May 15, 1919, the XV Corps was organized as follows:

Order of Battle, June 22, 1920

On June 22, 1920, the Eastern Front was organized as follows:

Nahcivan Detachment

On August 11, 1920, the Nahcivan Detachment was organized as follows: *1st Battalion of the 18th Infantry Regiment *1st Battalion of the 34th Infantry Regiment *Machinegun Company of the 34th Infantry Regiment *2nd Company of the 34th Infantry Regiment *Machinegun Company *4th Battery *HG of the Nahcivan Detachment

Order of Battle, October 1, 1922

On October 1, 1922, the Eastern Front was organized as follows: