Easington Gas Terminal
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The Easington Gas Terminal is one of six main gas terminals in the UK, and is situated on the
North Sea The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. A sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Se ...
coast at Easington, East Riding of Yorkshire and Dimlington. The other main gas terminals are at St Fergus, Aberdeenshire; Bacton, Norfolk;
Teesside Teesside () is an urban area around the River Tees in North East England. Straddling the border between County Durham and North Yorkshire, it spans the boroughs of Borough of Middlesbrough, Middlesbrough, Borough of Stockton-on-Tees, Stockton ...
; Theddlethorpe, Lincolnshire (now demolished) and
Rampside gas terminal Rampside Gas Terminal is a gas terminal situated in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria on the Irish Sea coast. It connects to gas fields in Morecambe Bay. It is situated adjacent to the former Roosecote Power Station. History Production started in 19 ...
, Barrow, Cumbria. The whole site consists of four plants: two run by
Perenco Perenco is an independent Anglo-French oil and gas petroleum company, company with a headquarters in London and Paris.Pere ...
, one by
Centrica Centrica plc is a British  multinational energy and services company with its headquarters in Windsor, Berkshire, England. It is the largest supplier of gas to domestic customers in the United Kingdom, and one of the largest suppliers ...
and one by
Gassco Gassco is a Norwegian state owned company that operates of natural gas pipes and associated riser platforms and land-based facilities transporting annually of 100 billion cubic meter (bcm) of natural gas from the Norwegian continental shelf ...
. The Easington Gas Terminals are protected by
Civil Nuclear Constabulary The Civil Nuclear Constabulary (CNC) (Welsh language, Welsh: ''Heddlu Sifil Niwclear'') is a Special police#United Kingdom, special police force responsible for providing law enforcement agency, law enforcement and security at any relevant nuclea ...
officers and are provided with resources by the Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure.


History

BP Easington Terminal opened in March 1967. This was the first time that North Sea Gas had been brought ashore in the UK from the West Sole field. In 1980
British Gas British Gas (trading as Scottish Gas in Scotland) is an energy and home services provider in the United Kingdom. It is the trading name of British Gas Services Limited and British Gas New Heating Limited, both subsidiaries of Centrica. Serving ...
purchased the field Rough and in 1983 began conversion to a storage field. BP Dimlington opened in October 1988. BP's Ravenspurn North field was added in 1990 and the Johnston field was added in 1994. The Easington Catchment Area was added in 2000, and the Juno development in 2003. Up to 20% of the winter peak demand for gas is exported from Easington via Feeder 9 through the Humber Gas Tunnel.


Discovery of gas in the North Sea

Britain's first oil rig, the
Sea Gem ''Sea Gem'' was the first British jack-up oil rig and made the first British discovery of natural gas in September 1965, although the find was too small to be commercially profitable. It is also known for its sinking off the coast of Lincolnshi ...
, first discovered gas in the North Sea on 20 August 1965. It was not a large enough field, but at the time it was not even known that there was a large amount of gas under the North Sea. Unfortunately the rig sank in December later that year, when it capsized. The
Forties Forties may refer to: * 40s, the years 40–49 AD *1940s, the years 1940–1949 * Long Forties, area in the North Sea *The Forties shipping forecast area (roughly corresponding to the Long Forties) * Forties oilfield in the North Sea ** Forties p ...
and Brent oilfields were discovered later in 1970 and 1971 respectively.


Langeled pipeline

Since October 2006, gas has been brought into the UK direct from the Norwegian
Sleipner gas field Oil from the Sleipner field. The Sleipner gas field is a natural gas field in the block 15/9 of the North Sea, about west of Stavanger, Norway. Two parts of the field are in production, Sleipner West (proven in 1974), and Sleipner East (1981) ...
via the Langeled pipeline, the world's longest subsea pipeline before the completion of the Nord Stream pipeline, owned by
Gassco Gassco is a Norwegian state owned company that operates of natural gas pipes and associated riser platforms and land-based facilities transporting annually of 100 billion cubic meter (bcm) of natural gas from the Norwegian continental shelf ...
which itself is owned by the Kingdom of Norway.


Operation

The sites are run by and gas is produced by Perenco (after BP sold its operations to them in 2012), Gassco and Centrica Storage Ltd. Gas can be transferred to and from the Centrica Storage plant at Easington dependent on grid demand. The control of the Perenco sites takes place at the Dimlington site, and conditioning of the gas also takes place there. The function that is at the Perenco Easington site is the connection to the
National Transmission System The United Kingdom's National Transmission System (NTS) is the network of gas pipelines that supply gas to about forty power stations and large industrial users from natural gas terminals situated on the coast, and to gas distribution companies ...
. Gas flows from the Easington terminal via a 24-inch diameter, pipeline known as Feeder No 1 across the Humber to Totley near Sheffield. Perenco Easington used to compress gas as well, but from 2007–9, the construction of the £125 million Onshore Compression and Terminal Integration Project (OCTIP) situated all compression and processing from the gas fields at the Dimlington site. As part of the facility, two RB211-GT61 gas turbines, built by Rolls-Royce Energy Systems in
Mount Vernon, Ohio Mount Vernon is a city in Knox County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is located along the Kokosing River, northeast of Columbus, Ohio, Columbus. The population was 16,956 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. History Th ...
, were installed in a £12.7 million contract.


Centrica Rough Terminal

The Rough (facility) is a partially depleted offshore gas field that was converted for storage by British Gas. It is currently operated by Centrica Storage Ltd (a subsidiary of Centrica). The Rough Terminal also processes gas for the newly developed York field. The Rough Terminal used to receive gas from the Amethyst gasfield which was until 1988 owned by Britoil but this is now processed by Perenco. Since 2013 The Rough Terminal has also processed gas from the York field on behalf of Centrica Energy.


Langeled Receiving Facilities

The Langeled pipeline, which is controlled at the UK end by Gassco (Centrica Storage Ltd before 2011), can transfer up to 2,500 m cubic feet of gas per day from Nyhamna in Norway.


Perenco Easington

The gas is collected from the Hyde, Hoton, Newsham and West Sole
natural gas field A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the prese ...
s. It can process up to 300 m cubic feet of gas per day. A gas turbine power generator is used to compress the gas.


Perenco Dimlington

Dimlington
is the larger site of the four. The
natural gas condensate Natural-gas condensate, also called natural gas liquids, is a low-density mixture of hydrocarbon liquids that are present as gaseous components in the raw natural gas produced from many natural gas fields. Some gas species within the raw natura ...
is transferred to the Dimlington terminal. Dimlington also processes dry gas from the (former) Cleeton, Ravenspurn South, Ravenspurn North, Johnston, the Easington Catchment Area (Neptune and Mercury), and the Juno development (Whittle, Wollaston, Minerva and Apollo) gas fields. The Dimlington site has the control room for all of Perenco's gas fields that ship gas to the Easington site. Dimlington can handle up to 950m cubic feet of gas per day.


Fire risk

All sites are a considerable fire hazard, so have large water reservoirs for fire fighting containing about one million and three million litres of water each.


Dimlington gas fields


Cleeton

Cleeton and Ravenspurn South form part of the ''Villages Complex''. Both were discovered in 1976. Gas production began in April 1987. Production stopped in 1999. Now used as a hub for the Easington Catchment Area. Named after the scientist, Claud E. Cleeton.


Ravenspurn South

Discovered in April 1983, off the East Riding of Yorkshire coast. Gas production began in October 1989. Gas via Cleeton to Dimlington. Named after Ravenspurn, the former coastal town. Owned and operated by Perenco.


Ravenspurn North

Discovered in October 1984 and developed in April 1988 by Hamilton Brothers. First gas produced in October 1989, and BP took over the operatorship of the field from BHP on 12 January 1998. Gas via Cleeton to Dimlington. Operated by Perenco and owned mostly by them, with smaller parts owned by Centrica Resources Ltd and E.ON Ruhrgas UK EU Ltd.


Johnston

Operated by E.ON Ruhrgas, and previously to them, Caledonia EU, and also by Consort EU Ltd. Discovered in April 1990. Gas first produced in October 1994. Pipeline to Dimlington via Ravenspurn North and Cleeton. Owned 50% by Dana Petroleum (E&P) Ltd and E.ON Ruhrgas UK EU Ltd.


Babbage

Discovered in 1989 with the first gas being brought ashore in August 2010. Gas will be transported via West Sole to Dimlington. Owned 40% by Dana Petroleum (E&P) Ltd, 47% by E.ON Ruhrgas UK EU Ltd and 13% by Centrica Resources Ltd. Named after the mathematician,
Charles Babbage Charles Babbage (; 26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) was an English polymath. A mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, Babbage originated the concept of a digital programmable computer. Babbage is considered ...
.


Easington Catchment Area

Consists of Neptune and Mercury fields. Operated by
BG Group BG Group plc was a British multinational oil and gas company headquartered in Reading, United Kingdom. On 8 April 2015, Royal Dutch Shell announced that it had reached an agreement to acquire BG Group for $70 billion, subject to regulatory an ...
. Transported to Dimlington via BP's Cleeton. Mercury discovered in February 1983 and production started in November 1999. Named after the planet Mercury. 73% owned by BG Group. Neptune discovered in November 1985 and production started in November 1999. Named after the planet
Neptune Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun. It is the List of Solar System objects by size, fourth-largest planet in the Solar System by diameter, the third-most-massive planet, and the densest giant planet. It is 17 t ...
. 79% owned by BG Group.


Juno development

These are the most recent of the Dimlington gas fields. Named after Juno, the Roman goddess. BG Group operates the Minerva, Apollo and Artemis fields, and owns 65% of these fields. Production started in 2003. Artemis was discovered in August 1974, and named after
Artemis In ancient Greek religion and Greek mythology, mythology, Artemis (; ) is the goddess of the hunting, hunt, the wilderness, wild animals, transitions, nature, vegetation, childbirth, Kourotrophos, care of children, and chastity. In later tim ...
the Greek hunter goddess. Apollo was discovered in July 1987, named after
Apollo Apollo is one of the Twelve Olympians, Olympian deities in Ancient Greek religion, ancient Greek and Ancient Roman religion, Roman religion and Greek mythology, Greek and Roman mythology. Apollo has been recognized as a god of archery, mu ...
the Greek sungod, brother of Artemis. Minerva was discovered in January 1969, named after the Roman goddess
Minerva Minerva (; ; ) is the Roman goddess of wisdom, justice, law, victory, and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy. She is also a goddess of warfare, though with a focus on strategic warfare, rather than the violence of gods such as Mars. Be ...
. BP operates the Whittle and Wollaston fields. They are 30% owned by BG Group. Production started in 2002. Wollaston was discovered in April 1989, and named after
William Hyde Wollaston William Hyde Wollaston (; 6 August 1766 – 22 December 1828) was an English chemist and physicist who is famous for discovering the chemical elements palladium and rhodium. He also developed a way to process platinum ore into malleable i ...
, the Norfolk chemist. Whittle was discovered in July 1990, and named after
Frank Whittle Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle, (1 June 1907 – 8 August 1996) was an English engineer, inventor and Royal Air Force (RAF) air officer. He is credited with co-creating the turbojet engine. A patent was submitted by Maxime Guillaume in 1921 fo ...
.


Easington gas fields

These fields are around off the East Riding of Yorkshire coast. These fields are connected to the national grid by BP and Rough Terminals. Some of these were one of the 'Villages' gas fields; named after villages lost to the sea along the Holderness coast. These villages include: Cleeton, Dimlington, Hoton, Hyde, Newsham and Ravenspurn.


West Sole

Discovered in December 1965, east of the Humber. It is a faulted dome whose maximum dimensions are about wide, lying at a depth of . The reservoir comprises about of Permian Rotliegendes sandstone, and the gas has a high methane content and low nitrogen (1.3%). Gas first produced in March 1967. It had initial recoverable reserves of 61 billion m3. Owned and operated by BP until 2012. Acquired by Perenco 2012


Hyde

Discovered in May 1982. Gas first produced in August 1993. Was owned 55% by BP and 45% by Statoil. BP took control in January 1997, in exchange for its Jupiter gas field.


Newsham

Discovered in October 1989. Production began March 1996. Enters the West Sole pipeline. Owned and operated by BP.


Hoton

Discovered in February 1977. Gas first produced in December 2001. Owned and operated by BP. Named after Hoton, one of the East Riding of Yorkshire lost villages that fell into the sea due to coastal erosion.


Amethyst East and West

Amethyst East discovered in October 1972 and Amethyst West in April 1970. Owned 59.5% by BP, 24% by BG Group, 9% by Centrica, and 7.5% by Murphy. Amethyst East began in October 1990 and Amethyst West in July 1992. Control of the platform is entirely from Dimlington and therefore operated by BP. Comprises the Amethyst gasfield. Acquired by Perenco 2012


Rough

Discovered in May 1968. It had initial recoverable reserves of 14 billion m3. Gas production began in 1975, and it was bought by British Gas in 1980. In 1983, they decided to convert it into gas storage. The gas storage started February 1985. As a depleted gas field, it is used as a storage facility, for essentially the whole of the UK, giving four days worth of gas. Originally owned by BG Storage Ltd (BGSL), who were bought by
Dynegy Dynegy Inc. is an electric company based in Houston, Texas. It owns and operates a number of power stations in the U.S., all of which are powered by fossil fuels. Dynegy was acquired by Vistra Corp on April 9, 2018. The company is located at 601 ...
Europe Ltd in November 2001 for £421 million. BGSL became known as Dynegy Storage Ltd, based in
Solihull Solihull ( ) is a market town and the administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull, in the West Midlands (county), West Midlands, England. Solihull is situated on the River Blythe in the Arden, Warwickshire, Forest of Arden ar ...
. This company was bought by Centrica on 14 November 2002 for £304 million. Centrica was essentially buying the Easington plant. To operate the field Centrica has to comply with a set of undertakings laid down by DECC and Ofgem due to its unique position in the UK gas market.


York

Owned and operated by Centrica. Gas back to Centrica Rough Terminal via new pipeline.


Helvellyn

Discovered in February 1985 with the first gas coming on stream in 2004. Operated by ATP Oil and Gas. Owned 50% by ATP Oil & Gas (UK) Ltd and First Oil Expro Ltd. Gas back to Easington via the Amethyst field. Named after
Helvellyn Helvellyn (; possible #Names, meaning: ''pale yellow moorland'') is a mountain in the English Lake District, the highest point of the Helvellyn range, a north–south line of mountains to the north of Ambleside, between the lakes of Thirlmere a ...
in Cumbria.


Rose

Discovered in March 1998. Owned and operated by Centrica with the gas pumped back to Easington via the Amethyst field. The operation started in 2004 and was plugged and abandoned in 2015.


See also

* List of oil and gas fields of the North Sea * Oil fields operated by BP * St Fergus Gas Terminal * Bacton Gas Terminal *
Energy in the United Kingdom Total energy consumption in the United Kingdom was 142.0million tonnes of oil equivalent (1,651TWh) in 2019. In 2014, the UK had an energy consumption ''per capita'' of 2.78tonnes of oil equivalent (32.3MWh) compared to a world average of 1 ...


References


External links


Centrica Storage

Centrica's purchase of the plant at Ofgem

World War Two bomb found in March 2008
{{Natural gas infrastructure of the United Kingdom 1967 establishments in England Buildings and structures in the East Riding of Yorkshire Economy of the East Riding of Yorkshire Energy infrastructure completed in 1967 Holderness Natural gas infrastructure in the United Kingdom Natural gas plants Natural gas terminals North Sea energy Science and technology in the East Riding of Yorkshire