The Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland () is a

political party A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology ...

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

founded in 1970, through a split in the Peruvian Communist Party – Red Flag. It is led by

Alberto Moreno Alberto Moreno Pérez (; born 5 July 1992) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a left-back for La Liga club Villarreal. An academy graduate of local side Sevilla, he made his senior debut for the club's reserve side in 2011 befo ...

and Rolando Breña. Its youth wing is the Communist Youth of Peru. In 1980 it participated in the general elections on the lists of UNIR. In the same year it became one of the founding organizations of the United Left (IU). After the downfall of IU, PCdelP-PR launched New Left Movement (MNI) as its electoral front. Currently PCdelP-PR is the major

Marxist Marxism is a Left-wing politics, left-wing to Far-left politics, far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a Materialism, materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand S ...

group in the country. It used to participate in the build-up of the Broad Left Front (FAI) and it is currently a member of the

left-wing Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy. Left-wing politics typically involve a concern for those in soci ...

electoral coalition

Together for Peru Together for Peru ( es, Juntos por el Perú) is a Peruvian Centre-left politics, centre-left to Left-wing politics, left-wing Political alliance, political coalition founded with the incumbent registration of the Peruvian Humanist Party. Formall ...

. The general secretary of the party, Alberto Moreno, was the FAI candidate in the

2006 presidential elections Presidential elections were held in Bulgaria on 22 October 2006, as decided on 27 July 2006 by the Bulgarian Parliament. The runoff took place on 29 October 2006, while the electoral campaign spanned 19 September – 20 October. At the election, ...

. The official organ of the

Central Committee Central committee is the common designation of a standing administrative body of Communist party, communist parties, analogous to a board of directors, of both ruling and nonruling parties of former and existing socialist states. In such party org ...

of the party is called ''Patria Roja''.

History

Background

José Carlos Mariátegui José Carlos Mariátegui La Chira (June 14, 1894 - April 16, 1930) was a Peruvian writer, journalist, politician and Marxist–Leninist philosopher. A prolific author despite his early death, El Amauta (from Quechua: hamawt'a, "teacher", a nam ...

, a Peruvian Marxist from the early

XX century The 20th (twentieth) century began on January 1, 1901 ( MCMI), and ended on December 31, 2000 ( MM). The 20th century was dominated by significant events that defined the modern era: Spanish flu pandemic, World War I and World War II, nuclear ...

, founded the

Peruvian Socialist Party The Socialist Party (Spanish: ''Partido Socialista'') is a Peruvian political party founded in 2005. Its presidential candidate for the 2006 national election was Javier Diez Canseco. At the legislative elections held on 9 April 2006, the part ...

in 1928. He embraced Marxism during his stay in Europe in the 1920s, and he is considered one of the main intellectuals of Latin American left-wing thought, known for his integral study of the Peruvian reality through dialectical materialism in his famous work ''

Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality ''Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality'' (Spanish: ''Siete Ensayos de Interpretación de la Realidad Peruana'', also known as ''Los 7 Ensayos or the Seven Essays''), published in 1928, is the most famous written work of the Peruvian socia ...

''. Aside from organizing the Socialist Party of Peru, Mariátegui also supported the creation of the Workers' General Confederation of Peru (CGTP), as well as the Yanaconas Federation After Mariátegui's death, Eudocio Ravines, following orders from the Soviet Union, renames the party to the Peruvian Communist Party (PCP). After the year 1930, the party started having problems with the different military dictatorships and

right-wing Right-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that view certain social orders and hierarchies as inevitable, natural, normal, or desirable, typically supporting this position on the basis of natural law, economics, authorit ...

governments, as well as with other political groupings of the age. It also had to confront the

American Popular Revolutionary Alliance The Peruvian Aprista Party ( es, Partido Aprista Peruano, PAP) () is a Peruvian political party and a member of the Socialist International. The party was founded as the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA) by Víctor Raúl Haya de l ...

founded by

Victor Raul Haya de la Torre The name Victor or Viktor may refer to: * Victor (name), including a list of people with the given name, mononym, or surname Arts and entertainment Film * ''Victor'' (1951 film), a French drama film * ''Victor'' (1993 film), a French shor ...

, a

socialist Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the e ...

but openly

anti-communist Anti-communism is Political movement, political and Ideology, ideological opposition to communism. Organized anti-communism developed after the 1917 October Revolution in the Russian Empire, and it reached global dimensions during the Cold War, w ...

movement. The PCP influenced with its idea to the CGTP, the Students Federation of Peru (FEP), various

feminist Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes. Feminism incorporates the position that society prioritizes the male po ...

and intersectionalist movements, supporting the fight for

socialism Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the e ...

in the world and the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

. However, during the 1950s and 1960s, the PCP, led by

Jorge del Prado Jorge is a Spanish and Portuguese given name. It is derived from the Greek name Γεώργιος (''Georgios'') via Latin ''Georgius''; the former is derived from (''georgos''), meaning "farmer" or "earth-worker". The Latin form ''Georgius'' ...

, is thought to have adopted more

Eurocommunist Eurocommunism, also referred to as democratic communism or neocommunism, was a trend in the 1970s and 1980s within various Western European communist parties which said they had developed a theory and practice of social transformation more rele ...

and reformist positions which decreased its influence.

Origins and foundation

Controversies and the later split in the year 1963 between the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Communist Party of China, the so-called

Sino-Soviet split The Sino-Soviet split was the breaking of political relations between the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union caused by doctrinal divergences that arose from their different interpretations and practical applications of Marxism–Len ...

, ended up being one of the main reasons of the many schisms in the party. It held an important role in the IV National Confference in 1964, where the first big schism of the party would happen between a pro-

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

faction and a pro-

Maoist Maoism, officially called Mao Zedong Thought by the Chinese Communist Party, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed to realise a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of Ch ...

faction. This last faction breaks off the party to create its own, the Communist Party of Peru – Red Flag, a Maoist Communist party led by Saturnino Paredes. In that same period, different left-wing organizations appear, inspired by the success of

Trotskyism Trotskyism is the political ideology and branch of Marxism developed by Ukrainian-Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky and some other members of the Left Opposition and Fourth International. Trotsky self-identified as an orthodox Marxist, a rev ...

, Fochism, the success of the

Cuban Revolution The Cuban Revolution ( es, Revolución Cubana) was carried out after the 1952 Cuban coup d'état which placed Fulgencio Batista as head of state and the failed mass strike in opposition that followed. After failing to contest Batista in cou ...

and other

liberation movement A liberation movement is an organization or political movement leading a rebellion, or a non-violent social movement, against a colonial power or national government, often seeking independence based on a nationalist identity and an anti-imperi ...

s from colonized countries, meanwhile the original Peruvian Communist Party is led by Jorge del Prado. In 1968 different organizations of the party, such as the Regional Committee of Ica, National Organization Committee and the Political-Military Committee Red Fatherland, join into a "National Committee of Reorganization" whose objective was to fight against the dogmatic direction the PCP-Red Flag was taking. This phase ends in the VI National Conference in 1969, where a group of anti-revisionist Marxists is expelled and, in 1970, those expelled members would end up forming Red Fatherland.

2020 Peruvian protests

The party supported the

2020 Peruvian protests The 2020 Peruvian protests were a series of demonstrations sparked after the removal of President Martín Vizcarra that took place from 9 November to 17 November 2020. The controversial removal of Vizcarra was recognized as a coup d'état by m ...

and the removal of

Manuel Merino Manuel Arturo Merino de Lama (born 20 August 1961) is a Peruvian politician who briefly served as President of Peru for six days between 10 and 15 November 2020. He also served as the President of Congress from 16 March 2020 to 15 November 202 ...

, and labelled the removal of Martín Vizcarra as a

coup d'état A coup d'état (; French for 'stroke of state'), also known as a coup or overthrow, is a seizure and removal of a government and its powers. Typically, it is an illegal seizure of power by a political faction, politician, cult, rebel group, m ...

by Congress.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Communist Party of Peru - Red Fatherland 1970 establishments in Peru Anti-revisionist organizations Communist parties in Peru Far-left politics in Peru Foro de São Paulo International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties Political parties established in 1970 Political parties in Peru

History

Background

Origins and foundation

2020 Peruvian protests

See also

References