Christian People's Party (Peru)
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The Christian People's Party ( es, link=yes, Partido Popular Cristiano, PPC) is a
center-right Centre-right politics lean to the right of the political spectrum, but are closer to the centre. From the 1780s to the 1880s, there was a shift in the Western world of social class structure and the economy, moving away from the nobility and mer ...
and
conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization i ...
political party based on the principles of
Christian democracy Christian democracy (sometimes named Centrist democracy) is a political ideology that emerged in 19th-century Europe under the influence of Catholic social teaching and neo-Calvinism. It was conceived as a combination of modern democratic ...
. It was founded in 1966 by a group of Peruvian Christian Democrat Party (''Democracia Cristiana'') dissidents, led by
Luis Bedoya Reyes Luis Fernán Bedoya Reyes (20 February 1919 – 18 March 2021) was a Peruvian Christian Democrat Party (Peru), Christian Democrat (PDC) and Christian People's Party (Peru), Christian People's Party (PPC) politician who served as the List of may ...
. In 2000, its inscription was renewed, and it became part of
National Unity Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the State (polity), state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a in-group and out-group, group of peo ...
, although not in a permanent basis. Leaders of the party have included Mario Polar Ugarteche, Roberto Ramírez del Villar, Ernesto Alayza Grundy, Felipe Osterling Parodi, and
Lourdes Flores Nano Lourdes Celmira Rosario Flores Nano (born October 7, 1959) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician who served as a councilwoman of Lima, Deputy from Lima from 1990 to 1992, Democratic Constituent Congresswoman from 1992 to 1995, Congresswoman from 19 ...
. In 2021, after losing the presidential elections and failing to overcome the electoral threshold, the party is expected to lose its electoral registration.


Foundation

The party was founded on December 18, 1966 by a group of members of the Democracia Cristiana party that defected by ideological motifs. While their former party supported a constitutional break to accelerate the reforms needed by the country, the founders of the PPC, led by
Luis Bedoya Reyes Luis Fernán Bedoya Reyes (20 February 1919 – 18 March 2021) was a Peruvian Christian Democrat Party (Peru), Christian Democrat (PDC) and Christian People's Party (Peru), Christian People's Party (PPC) politician who served as the List of may ...
still believed in the constitutional order. Thus they retired from Democracia Cristiana and founded the new party.


History of the PPC


Military dictatorship of Velasco

In 1968, General
Juan Velasco Alvarado Juan Francisco Velasco Alvarado (June 16, 1910 – December 24, 1977) was a Peruvian general who served as the President of Peru after a successful coup d'état against Fernando Belaúnde's presidency in 1968. Under his presidency, nationalism ...
staged a coup d'etat against
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
Fernando Belaúnde Terry Fernando is a Spanish and Portuguese given name and a surname common in Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, Switzerland, former Spanish or Portuguese colonies in Latin America, Africa, the Philippines, India, and Sri Lanka. It is equivalent to the G ...
, an ally of
Luis Bedoya Reyes Luis Fernán Bedoya Reyes (20 February 1919 – 18 March 2021) was a Peruvian Christian Democrat Party (Peru), Christian Democrat (PDC) and Christian People's Party (Peru), Christian People's Party (PPC) politician who served as the List of may ...
. The PPC did not support the military regime and was one of its most fierce opponents, along with the Partido Aprista Peruano (APRA). The latter was declared illegal.


Constituent Assembly of 1978

In 1978, the government of General
Francisco Morales-Bermúdez Francisco is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the masculine given name ''Franciscus''. Nicknames In Spanish, people with the name Francisco are sometimes nicknamed "Paco". San Francisco de Asís was known as ''Pater Comunitatis'' (father of ...
called for elections for a
Constituent Assembly A constituent assembly (also known as a constitutional convention, constitutional congress, or constitutional assembly) is a body assembled for the purpose of drafting or revising a constitution. Members of a constituent assembly may be elected b ...
. The PPC attained the second place in the polls, after the APRA. Bedoya Reyes, widely preferred by the Assembly members to become its president, gave the position to the veteran APRA leader,
Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre (February 22, 1895 – August 2, 1979) was a Peruvian politician, philosopher, and author who founded the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA) political movement, the oldest currently existing political p ...
.


General Elections of 1980

Luis Bedoya Reyes ran as the PPC's candidate for president in the General Elections of 1980, with Ernesto Alayza and Roberto Ramírez del Villar as first vice-president and second vice-president. Despite Bedoya finishing in the third place, the PPC got six Senators elected, as well as 10 deputies. During the elections, the PPC allied with the soon-to-be elected President
Fernando Belaúnde Terry Fernando is a Spanish and Portuguese given name and a surname common in Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, Switzerland, former Spanish or Portuguese colonies in Latin America, Africa, the Philippines, India, and Sri Lanka. It is equivalent to the G ...
, from
Acción Popular ''Acción Popular'' may refer to: * Popular Action (El Salvador), a political party in El Salvador * Popular Action (Peru), a centrist and social liberal party * Popular Action (Spain) Popular Action ( es, Acción Popular), until 1932 National Act ...
. The PPC-Accíon Popular coalition gave Belaúnde the majority in the Senate and in the Deputies Chamber. The coalition also designated four PPC members as
Ministers Minister may refer to: * Minister (Christianity), a Christian cleric ** Minister (Catholic Church) * Minister (government), a member of government who heads a ministry (government department) ** Minister without portfolio, a member of governme ...
, including its leader Bedoya Reyes and Felipe Osterling Parodi.


General Elections of 1985

For the General Elections of 1985, the coalition with Acción Popular was finished, and thus, both parties presented separate candidates. Bedoya Reyes finished in third again, trailing behind
Alfonso Barrantes Lingán Alfonso Barrantes Lingán (San Miguel de Pallaques, November 27, 1927 – Havana, December 2, 2000) was a Peruvian politician in the mid-1980s who served as Mayor of Lima from 1984 to 1986. He ran for President of Peru two times, losing on bot ...
and ahead of Javier Alva Orlandinj. During
Alan García Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez (; 23 May 1949 – 17 April 2019) was a Peruvian politician who served as President of Peru The president of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente del Perú), officially called the president of the Republic of ...
's government, the PPC criticised the
heterodox In religion, heterodoxy (from Ancient Greek: , "other, another, different" + , "popular belief") means "any opinions or doctrines at variance with an official or orthodox position". Under this definition, heterodoxy is similar to unorthodoxy, w ...
economic model designed by the APRA. The PPC had only a few members in both chambers. Its most important representatives were Felipe Osterling Parodi in the Senate of Peru and
Javier Bedoya Javier Alonso Bedoya de Vivanco (born 23 September 1948 in Lima) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician (PPC) and a former Congressman representing Lima between 2006 and 2016. Early life Born in Lima on 23 September 1948 to Luis Bedoya Reyes. Hi ...
– son of the founder of the PPC – in the
Chamber of Deputies The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures. Description Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourbon R ...
. When
Alan García Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez (; 23 May 1949 – 17 April 2019) was a Peruvian politician who served as President of Peru The president of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente del Perú), officially called the president of the Republic of ...
sought to take control of private banking,
Luis Bedoya Reyes Luis Fernán Bedoya Reyes (20 February 1919 – 18 March 2021) was a Peruvian Christian Democrat Party (Peru), Christian Democrat (PDC) and Christian People's Party (Peru), Christian People's Party (PPC) politician who served as the List of may ...
and
Lourdes Flores Lourdes Celmira Rosario Flores Nano (born October 7, 1959) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician who served as a councilwoman of Lima, Deputy from Lima from 1990 to 1992, Democratic Constituent Congresswoman from 1992 to 1995, Congresswoman from 19 ...
rallied in the streets against the proposal. They were joined in the manifestations by the famous Peruvian writer
Mario Vargas Llosa Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa, 1st Marquess of Vargas Llosa (born 28 March 1936), more commonly known as Mario Vargas Llosa (, ), is a Peruvian novelist, journalist, essayist and former politician, who also holds Spanish citizenship. Vargas Ll ...
. The movement did stop the government from passing the polemical Law.


General Elections of 1990

In 1990, the PPC enters a liberal coalition with Acción Popular and
Mario Vargas Llosa Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa, 1st Marquess of Vargas Llosa (born 28 March 1936), more commonly known as Mario Vargas Llosa (, ), is a Peruvian novelist, journalist, essayist and former politician, who also holds Spanish citizenship. Vargas Ll ...
's Movimiento Libertad (Liberty Movement), forming the Frente Democrático ( Democratic Front, FREDEMO), which launched Vargas Llosa as a candidate for the presidency. Although he wasn't elected, the coalition's participation in the Chamber of Deputies was a success: it got 25 representatives, attaining the majority, including
Javier Bedoya Javier Alonso Bedoya de Vivanco (born 23 September 1948 in Lima) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician (PPC) and a former Congressman representing Lima between 2006 and 2016. Early life Born in Lima on 23 September 1948 to Luis Bedoya Reyes. Hi ...
, one of the most voted deputies nationwide.


Democratic Constituent Congress election of 1992

The PPC held the presidency of the Senate under Felipe Osterling Parodi's leadership when, in 1992,
Alberto Fujimori Alberto Kenya Fujimori Inomoto ( or ; born 28 July 1938) is a Peruvian politician, professor and former engineer who was President of Peru from 28 July 1990 until 22 November 2000. Frequently described as a dictator, * * * * * * he remains a ...
staged a self-coup, dissolving both Chambers of the Congress, neutralising the FREDEMO and the APRA. Fujimori held polls to elect a
Democratic Constituent Congress The Democratic Constituent Congress (Spanish: ''Congreso Constituyente Democrático'') was a Constituent Assembly created in Peru after the dissolution of Congress by President Alberto Fujimori in 1992. Its main purpose was to amend the Constitu ...
, where his party,
Cambio 90 Cambio 90 (lit. ''Change 90'', C90) was a Peruvian right-wing political party which entered the political spectrum in early 1990, and throughout the 1990s until late-2000 was the most powerful political party in Peru alongside New Majority, ser ...
-
Nueva Mayoría The ''Nueva Mayoría'', also dubbed in English as New Majority, was a Chilean Centre-left politics, centre-left electoral coalition from 2013 to 2018, composed mainly of centre-left political parties supporting the presidential candidacy of Mi ...
, got an absolute majority. The PPC was divided between those who wanted to be part of the elections and those who did not want to. Amongst those who did not want to participate where
Natale Amprimo Natale Juan Amprimo Pla is a Peruvian politician. He was a Member of Congress for the period 2001–2006. He left We Are Peru, former Mayor of Lima Alberto Andrade's party, in 2004. He was Alianza para el Progreso's presidential candidate for the ...
, Alberto Borea and
Alberto Andrade Alberto Manuel Andrade Carmona (December 24, 1943 – June 19, 2009) was a Peruvian lawyer and politician, born in Lima who served as the Mayor of Lima from 1996 to 2002 and as a Congressman from 2006 until his death. Education He studied at ...
, arguing that the PPC should not be part of a non-democratic process. In the other hand,
Luis Bedoya Reyes Luis Fernán Bedoya Reyes (20 February 1919 – 18 March 2021) was a Peruvian Christian Democrat Party (Peru), Christian Democrat (PDC) and Christian People's Party (Peru), Christian People's Party (PPC) politician who served as the List of may ...
,
Lourdes Flores Lourdes Celmira Rosario Flores Nano (born October 7, 1959) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician who served as a councilwoman of Lima, Deputy from Lima from 1990 to 1992, Democratic Constituent Congresswoman from 1992 to 1995, Congresswoman from 19 ...
and Xavier Barrón contended that the PPC should present itself to guarantee
democracy Democracy (From grc, δημοκρατία, dēmokratía, ''dēmos'' 'people' and ''kratos'' 'rule') is a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation (" direct democracy"), or to choose gov ...
in the Constituent Congress. The decision of being part of the elections led to the resignations of Amprimo, Borea and Andrade. The PPC was the second most-voted party, but it was far behind of
Cambio 90 Cambio 90 (lit. ''Change 90'', C90) was a Peruvian right-wing political party which entered the political spectrum in early 1990, and throughout the 1990s until late-2000 was the most powerful political party in Peru alongside New Majority, ser ...
-
Nueva Mayoría The ''Nueva Mayoría'', also dubbed in English as New Majority, was a Chilean Centre-left politics, centre-left electoral coalition from 2013 to 2018, composed mainly of centre-left political parties supporting the presidential candidacy of Mi ...
.


General Elections of 1995 and 2000

In the General Elections of 1995, the PPC nominated
Lourdes Flores Lourdes Celmira Rosario Flores Nano (born October 7, 1959) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician who served as a councilwoman of Lima, Deputy from Lima from 1990 to 1992, Democratic Constituent Congresswoman from 1992 to 1995, Congresswoman from 19 ...
as its candidate for president, but in the end she resigned to support
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar Javier Felipe Ricardo Pérez de Cuéllar de la Guerra (; ; 19 January 1920 – 4 March 2020) was a Peruvian diplomat and politician who served as the fifth Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1982 to 1991. He later served as Prime Mini ...
's candidacy. Fujimori won without a run-off and the PPC only got the seventh place in the elections for Congressmen and 3 out of 120. When Alberto Fujimori wanted to run for a third period in the General Elections of 2000, he was strongly opposed by the PPC. Congressmen Xavier Barrón,
Ántero Flores Aráoz Ántero Flores-Aráoz Esparza (born 28 February 1942) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician who briefly served as Prime Minister of Peru in November 2020. Once a prominent member and leader of the Christian People's Party, he left and founded th ...
and Lourdes Flores proposed a law project that gave way to a
referendum A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...
, where the people could decide whether Fujimori could participate in the elections. The Congress, controlled by
Cambio 90 Cambio 90 (lit. ''Change 90'', C90) was a Peruvian right-wing political party which entered the political spectrum in early 1990, and throughout the 1990s until late-2000 was the most powerful political party in Peru alongside New Majority, ser ...
-
Nueva Mayoría The ''Nueva Mayoría'', also dubbed in English as New Majority, was a Chilean Centre-left politics, centre-left electoral coalition from 2013 to 2018, composed mainly of centre-left political parties supporting the presidential candidacy of Mi ...
did not let the Law pass. After the proposal of the law, the
National Jury of Elections The National Jury of Elections (''Jurado Nacional de Elecciones'', JNE) of Peru is an autonomous constitutional organ, headquartered in Lima. Its goal is to oversee the legality of electoral processes, guaranteeing the respect for the population' ...
withdrew the PPC's inscription as a party, so it could not present candidates for the Congress. Because of that,
Alejandro Toledo Alejandro Celestino Toledo Manrique (; born 28 March 1946) is a Peruvian politician who served President of Peru, from 2001 to 2006. He gained international prominence after leading the opposition against president Alberto Fujimori, who held ...
's
Perú Posible Possible Peru ( es, Perú Posible) was a Peruvian political party. It was founded in 1994 by Alejandro Toledo with the original name of Possible Country ( es, País Posible). History Possible Peru has its roots in an earlier political party, P ...
party decided to support the PPC, including Xavier Barrón and Antero Flores Aráoz, as guests in its list for the Congress. Both of them were elected to Congress.


General Elections of 2001 and 2006

In 2001, during the interim government of
Acción Popular ''Acción Popular'' may refer to: * Popular Action (El Salvador), a political party in El Salvador * Popular Action (Peru), a centrist and social liberal party * Popular Action (Spain) Popular Action ( es, Acción Popular), until 1932 National Act ...
's
Valentín Paniagua Valentín Toribio Demetrio Agustin Paniagua Corazao (23 September 1936 – 16 October 2006) was a Peruvian lawyer and politician who briefly served as President of Peru from 2000 to 2001. Elected President of Congress on 16 November 2000, he a ...
, the PPC recouped its inscription. It became part of a political coalition with Renovación Nacional and Cambio Radical, named Unidad Nacional (National Unity). The alliance's candidate for president was
Lourdes Flores Lourdes Celmira Rosario Flores Nano (born October 7, 1959) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician who served as a councilwoman of Lima, Deputy from Lima from 1990 to 1992, Democratic Constituent Congresswoman from 1992 to 1995, Congresswoman from 19 ...
, who placed third by a narrow margin. In 2006, the Unidad Nacional coalition continued, maintaining
Lourdes Flores Lourdes Celmira Rosario Flores Nano (born October 7, 1959) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician who served as a councilwoman of Lima, Deputy from Lima from 1990 to 1992, Democratic Constituent Congresswoman from 1992 to 1995, Congresswoman from 19 ...
as its candidate. She did not pass to the round-off, again by a narrow margin, and again trailing behind Alan García, who would become President for a second time.


2007 to 2010

In 2007,
Ántero Flores Aráoz Ántero Flores-Aráoz Esparza (born 28 February 1942) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician who briefly served as Prime Minister of Peru in November 2020. Once a prominent member and leader of the Christian People's Party, he left and founded th ...
, the former president of the party, said in a disgraceful way that he would like to run for the Presidency of the Republic, as long as his party accredits it. He was accused of having a little brotherly and loyal behavior with the leader and members of the party, so he finally resigned from the PPC. Soon after, he was appointed permanent ambassador of Peru to the OAS.
Lourdes Flores Lourdes Celmira Rosario Flores Nano (born October 7, 1959) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician who served as a councilwoman of Lima, Deputy from Lima from 1990 to 1992, Democratic Constituent Congresswoman from 1992 to 1995, Congresswoman from 19 ...
ran for mayor of Lima in the municipal elections of Lima in 2010, being defeated by
Susana Villarán Susana María del Carmen Villarán de la Puente is a centre-left politician in Peru, a former presidential candidate, and in municipal elections in 2010 became the first woman to be elected Mayor of Lima. She is vice president of the Decentralis ...
.


General Elections of 2011

In 2010, they formed the
Alliance for the Great Change The Alliance for the Great Change—PPK ( es, Alianza por el Gran Cambio – PPK) was an electoral alliance in Peru formed for the 2011 general election to promote the presidential candidacy of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski ("PPK"). Constituent Partie ...
, launching
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Pedro is a masculine given name. Pedro is the Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician name for ''Peter''. Its French equivalent is Pierre while its English and Germanic form is Peter. The counterpart patronymic surname of the name Pedro, meaning ...
to the presidency in the general elections of Peru in 2011. This alliance won 12 of the 130 seats in the Congress of the Republic, 7 of which belong to the PPC . In November 2011, Raúl Castro Stagnaro was elected as the new party president, replacing
Lourdes Flores Lourdes Celmira Rosario Flores Nano (born October 7, 1959) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician who served as a councilwoman of Lima, Deputy from Lima from 1990 to 1992, Democratic Constituent Congresswoman from 1992 to 1995, Congresswoman from 19 ...
.


2013 to 2014

The PPC decided to support the Metropolitan Council of Lima in the popular consultation process for the revocation of March 2013, getting Mayor Susana Villarán to commit to fulfilling an agenda for Lima. The councilors of the mayor's party were revoked, but those of the PPC were supported by the citizens. In November of the same year, the PPC achieved victory in the new municipal elections, held to replace the accessories who had entered after the March process. Thus, since January 2014, the PPC is the first minority of the Metropolitan Council. In 2014, the PPC bases elected the former mayor of Villa El Salvador, Jaime Zea as a Candidate for Mayor of Lima. The result of the electoral process was one of the worst defeats of the party, barely obtaining 7 district mayoralties in Lima and its candidate 3% of the votes, remaining in 6th place.


General elections of 2016

In 2016, they formed a political coalition with
APRA APRA or Apra may refer to: Places *Apra, Punjab, a census town city in Jalandhar District of Punjab, India * Apra Harbor, the main port of Guam Acronyms * American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana), a Peruvi ...
called the Popular Alliance, after not obtaining any seats in congress, the political alliance was dissolved. That is why it does not have representation in congress for the period 2016-2021, the Partido Popular Cristiano party is in crisis. In this same year, the party premises are for sale valued at US $2,000,000.00.


Post-2016 elections

The PPC militants, according to the party's Statute, convened a National Congress for December 16 and 17, 2017, in order to be able to elect a new national leadership due to the absence of authorities since 2016. Former Congressman Alberto Beingolea was elected in this process, defeating fellow former Congressman Javier Bedoya de Vivanco.


2021 general elections

For the 2021 general election, Alberto Beingolea announced the establishment of ''National Unity'', a party leadership roundtable of the Christian People's Party to analyze options if running in a coalition or independently in the elections. The roundtable managed to negotiate with a variety of political personalities and parties until reaching an agreement
César Acuña Cesar Acuña Peralta (born 11 August 1952) is a Peruvian politician and entrepreneur in the field of education. A controversial figure in Peruvian politics, he is the founder and leader of the Alliance for Progress party, which has achieved reco ...
of
Alliance for Progress The Alliance for Progress ( es, Alianza para el Progreso, links=no), initiated by U.S. President John F. Kennedy on March 13, 1961, ostensibly aimed to establish economic cooperation between the U.S. and Latin America. Governor Luis Muñoz Marín ...
. The alliance was officially signed on 12 October 2020, but lasted only six days, upon the revelation of disconformity from PPC's leadership, most prominently from the party Secretary General,
Marisol Pérez Tello María Soledad Pérez Tello de Rodríguez (born April 11, 1969) is a Peruvian lawyer, notary and politician. A prominent member of the Christian People's Party, she currently serves as its Secretary General since December 2017. Born in the sout ...
, who rejected Acuña by stating "she would not support a plagiarizer". Illegal audios were revealed by the press, and the alliance broke off almost immediately. Following the failed agreement with
Alliance for Progress The Alliance for Progress ( es, Alianza para el Progreso, links=no), initiated by U.S. President John F. Kennedy on March 13, 1961, ostensibly aimed to establish economic cooperation between the U.S. and Latin America. Governor Luis Muñoz Marín ...
, Beingolea announced that he would run for the party's presidential nomination. He formally attained the nomination on 29 November 2020. On election day, Beingolea lost the election, placing 11th and the party failed to win any seats in the Congressional election and the party is expected to lose its electoral registration.


Election results


Presidential elections


Elections to the Congress of the Republic


Elections to the Senate


References


External links

*
''Christian People's Party'' webpage
{{Authority control 1966 establishments in Peru Catholic political parties Christian democratic parties in South America Conservative parties in Peru International Democrat Union member parties Political parties established in 1966 Political parties in Peru Social conservative parties