Chincoteague Bay () is a

lagoon A lagoon is a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water by a narrow landform, such as reefs, barrier islands, barrier peninsulas, or isthmuses. Lagoons are commonly divided into '' coastal lagoons'' (or ''barrier lagoons ...

between the

Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...

barrier island Barrier islands are coastal landforms and a type of dune system that are exceptionally flat or lumpy areas of sand that form by wave and tidal action parallel to the mainland coast. They usually occur in chains, consisting of anything from a ...

s of Assateague and Chincoteague and the mainland of Worcester County, Maryland and northern Accomack County, Virginia. At the bay's northern end, where it narrows between Assateague and Sinepuxent Neck, it becomes Sinepuxent Bay; Chincoteague Bay's southern end drains into the

Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...

via Queen Sound and

Chincoteague Inlet GMCO Maps & Charts. ''GMCO's Fishing & Recreation Map of Chincoteague-Assateague, Virginia'', 2003. Chincoteague Inlet is found lying between Assateague Island and Wallops Island on the Eastern Shore of Virginia The Eastern Shore of Virginia ...

. No major river flows into Chincoteague Bay—its largest tributaries are Newport Creek in Worcester County and Swans Gut Creek in Accomack County. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Chincoteague Bay was well known for its shellfish industry, which shipped

oysters Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. In some species, the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape. Many, but not all ...

, crabs, and

clams Clam is a common name for several kinds of bivalve molluscs. The word is often applied only to those that are edible and live as infauna, spending most of their lives halfway buried in the sand of the seafloor or riverbeds. Clams have two she ...

Baltimore Baltimore ( , locally: or ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, fourth most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic, and the 30th most populous city in the United States with a population of 585,708 in 2020. Baltimore was ...

Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Since ...

, and New York. The shellfish industry was based in several landings and small towns: Taylors Landing at Girdletree, Maryland, George Island Landing at Stockton, Maryland, and Franklin City and Greenbackville in

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are ...

. Girdletree, Stockton, and Franklin City were all on the now-defunct southern end of what is today the

Maryland and Delaware Railroad The Maryland and Delaware Railroad Company is a Class III short-line railroad, formed in 1977 to operate several branch lines of the former Penn Central Railroad in both Maryland and Delaware, United States. These branches were omitted from ...

that ran south from

Snow Hill, Maryland Snow Hill is a town and the county seat of Worcester County, Maryland, United States. The population was 2,103 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area. History Snow Hill was founded in ...

Overfishing Overfishing is the removal of a species of fish (i.e. fishing) from a body of water at a rate greater than that the species can replenish its population naturally (i.e. the overexploitation of the fishery's existing fish stock), resulting in t ...

depleted shellfish stocks, which have still not recovered. Currently, the largest settlements on the Bay are

Public Landing, Maryland Public Landing is an unincorporated community 6.5 miles (10 km) east of Snow Hill in Worcester County, Maryland, United States. Public Landing is located on Chincoteague Bay, at the end of Maryland Route 365. Public Landing enjoyed great ...

, Greenbackville, Captain's Cove (a planned residential community near Greenbackville), and the town of Chincoteague. The bay is an important stop on the Atlantic Flyway. The E.A. Vaughn Wildlife Management Area and parts of the

Sinepuxent Bay Wildlife Management Area Sinepuxent Bay Wildlife Management Area is a state wildlife management area (WMA) of Maryland that consists of several islands in Sinepuxent Bay, Isle of Wight Bay, and Chincoteague Bay in Worcester County. In the 1930s, dredge spoils from the Ch ...

are located on the Maryland portion of the Bay, and the

Assateague Island National Seashore Assateague Island National Seashore is a unit of the National Park Service system of the U.S. Department of the Interior. Located on the East Coast along the Atlantic Ocean in Maryland and Virginia, Assateague Island is the largest natural barr ...

and Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge form its eastern shore.

References

External links

Chincoteague Bay watershed profile
Bays of Maryland Bays of Virginia Lagoons of the United States Bodies of water of Accomack County, Virginia Bodies of water of Worcester County, Maryland Chincoteague, Virginia {{AccomackCountyVA-geo-stub